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2003

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Articles 841 - 870 of 3876

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The Deer Boom: Discussins On Population Growth And Range Expansion Of The White-Tailed Deer, Kurt C. Vercauteren Aug 2003

The Deer Boom: Discussins On Population Growth And Range Expansion Of The White-Tailed Deer, Kurt C. Vercauteren

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is the most common and sought-after North American big game animal. More whitetails are harvested each fall than all other deer species (elk, mule deer, moose, and caribou) combined. Whitetails are popular for two main reasons, 1) their broad distribution, and 2) their abundance. The vast majority of bowhunters live in whitetail range and whitetails have experienced a population boom over the last century. Both in terms of numbers and densities, whitetails are far more abundant now than at any time during our lifetime. That is the keypoint, "during our lifetime." If the …

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Pseudemys Peninsularis (Penisula Cooter). Estuarine Observation And Interaction With Giant Land Crabs, Henry T. Smith, Richard M. Engeman Aug 2003

Pseudemys Peninsularis (Penisula Cooter). Estuarine Observation And Interaction With Giant Land Crabs, Henry T. Smith, Richard M. Engeman

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

At 0710 h, 11 June 2002, a Pseudemys peninsularis was found in a Giant Land Crab (Cardisoma guanhumi) colony on an isolated isthmus of sandy spoil in a large bulkheaded estuarine canal (Intracoastal Waterway) near Woolbright Road in Boynton Beach, Florida. The spoil site was adjacent to the concrete seawall of the canal and rose < 0.5 m above the mean high tide level. The turtle was found on its back, partially covered by a fallen palm frond, and was surrounded by 20-25 easily visible crabs within 10 m, and three were within 15 cm at the initial sighting. The turtle was deeply retracted into its shell, and its right rear foot exhibited soft tissue damage apparently inflicted by crabs. It was released at ca. 0713 h into 0.25 m deep water adjacent to the island, where it remained submerged and deeply retracted into its shell when observations ended at 0720 h.

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Monitoring Predators To Optimize Their Management For Marine Turtle Nest Protection, Richard M. Engeman, R. Erik Martin, Bernice Constantin, Ryan Noel, John Woolard Aug 2003

Monitoring Predators To Optimize Their Management For Marine Turtle Nest Protection, Richard M. Engeman, R. Erik Martin, Bernice Constantin, Ryan Noel, John Woolard

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The fundamental conservation focus for Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge (HSNWR), Florida is to provide protected nesting habitat for three threatened or endangered marine turtle species. Turtle nesting and hatching spans from early spring to fall each year. Left unchecked, nest predation by raccoons and armadillos would destroy most turtle nests. Predators are removed to protect nests, primarily with a one person-month contract using control specialists. We maximized the efficiency of predator removal by using a passive tracking index to: (1)optimize the timing and strategy for predator removal, (2)minimize labor by identifying areas where predator removal would have maximal effects, …

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West Nile Virus: Emerging Threat To Public Health And Animal Health, Robert G. Mclean Aug 2003

West Nile Virus: Emerging Threat To Public Health And Animal Health, Robert G. Mclean

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

West Nile virus (WNV) is in the genus Flavivirus, family Flavioiridae, and is closely related to other members of this genus: Japanese encephalitis virus in Southeast Asia, Murray Valley encephalitis virus in Australia, and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus in North and South America. The principal vertebrate hosts for these arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are wild birds, and the primary vectors are mosquitoes. Little clinical disease or mortality has been reported previously in wild birds from natural infection with these viruses, although significant morbidity and mortality has occurred in humans and domestic animals. West Nile virus (WNV) previously occurred …

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802.11 Denial-Of-Service Attacks: Real Vulnerabilities And Practical Solutions, John M. Bellardo, Stefan Savage Aug 2003

802.11 Denial-Of-Service Attacks: Real Vulnerabilities And Practical Solutions, John M. Bellardo, Stefan Savage

Computer Science and Software Engineering

The convenience of 802.11-based wireless access networks has led to widespread deployment in the consumer, industrial and military sectors. However, this use is predicated on an implicit assumption of confidentiality and availability. While the security flaws in 802.11's basic confidentially mechanisms have been widely publicized, the threats to network availability are far less widely appreciated. In fact, it has been suggested that 802.11 is highly susceptible to malicious denial-of-service (DoS) attacks targeting its management and media access protocols. This paper provides an experimental analysis of such 802.11-specific attacks - their practicality, their efficacy and potential low-overhead implementation changes to mitigate …

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Trace Fossils In The Western Fan Of The Ci̇ngöz Formation In The Northern Adana Basin (Southern Turkey), Huriye Demi̇rcan, Vedia Toker Aug 2003

Trace Fossils In The Western Fan Of The Ci̇ngöz Formation In The Northern Adana Basin (Southern Turkey), Huriye Demi̇rcan, Vedia Toker

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

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A Note On Three Abnormal Samples Of Benthic Foraminifers From The Di̇ki̇li̇ Bay (Turkey) In The Northeastern Aegean Sea: Peneropli̇s Planatus (Fi̇chtel And Moll), Rosali̇na Sp., And Elphi̇di̇um Cri̇spum (Li̇nne), Engin Meri̇ç, Niyazi Avşar, Fulya Bergi̇n, İpek F. Barut Aug 2003

A Note On Three Abnormal Samples Of Benthic Foraminifers From The Di̇ki̇li̇ Bay (Turkey) In The Northeastern Aegean Sea: Peneropli̇s Planatus (Fi̇chtel And Moll), Rosali̇na Sp., And Elphi̇di̇um Cri̇spum (Li̇nne), Engin Meri̇ç, Niyazi Avşar, Fulya Bergi̇n, İpek F. Barut

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

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Gastropoda Fauna Of Antalya Miocene Basin, Yeşim İslamoğlu, Güler Taner Aug 2003

Gastropoda Fauna Of Antalya Miocene Basin, Yeşim İslamoğlu, Güler Taner

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

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Movements And Habitat Use By Shovelnose And Pallid Sturgeon In The Lower Platte River, Nebraska, Benjamin D. Swigle Aug 2003

Movements And Habitat Use By Shovelnose And Pallid Sturgeon In The Lower Platte River, Nebraska, Benjamin D. Swigle

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

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Strategies For Enhancing The Performance Of Chemical Sensors Based On Microcantilever Sensors, Christopher Tipple Aug 2003

Strategies For Enhancing The Performance Of Chemical Sensors Based On Microcantilever Sensors, Christopher Tipple

Doctoral Dissertations

Microcantilever (MC) based chemical sensors have become more widely used during the past 10 years due to the advantages they possess over other chemical sensors. One of the most significant characteristics is their extremely high surface to volume ratio. This key facet allows surface forces that can be ignored on a macroscale to become a significant sensing transduction mechanism. MC based sensors also exhibit a higher mass sensitivity to adsorbates than do many other chemical sensor platforms. Under many conditions, MC based sensors directly translate changes in Gibbs free energies due to analyte-surface interactions into mechanical responses. However, the widespread …

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Thermodynamics And Kinetics Of Defects At Surfaces, Tianjiao Zhang Aug 2003

Thermodynamics And Kinetics Of Defects At Surfaces, Tianjiao Zhang

Doctoral Dissertations

Fundamental understanding of the various electronic and structural properties at surfaces is a prerequisite for improved control of nanometer-scale patterning of surfaces for potential technological applications. In this dissertation, we have used multi-scale theoretical approaches to investigate the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of a few elemental types of surface defects. The multi-scale approaches range from first-principles calculations within density functional theory to empirical embedded atom method (EAM) to statistical analysis to kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. In studying the thermodynamic properties of intrinsic line defects on a vicinal TaC(910) surface, our Monte Carlo simulations in comparison with scanning tuning microscope (STM) …

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Data Access In Wide Area Networks Of Heterogeneous Workstations, Kim Buckner Aug 2003

Data Access In Wide Area Networks Of Heterogeneous Workstations, Kim Buckner

Doctoral Dissertations

The accessibility of data in wide area networks can be difficult. This research shows the use of the Internet Backplane Protocol (IBP) along with a modified version of the C standard I/O library that can allow data to be easily accessible without having to make major modifications to legacy code. In fact if legacy programs only use standard input and output routines, they need only be recompiled to effect a homogeneous file system. It also demonstrates that this access is predictable enough to make decisions on what data to access and in what fashion that access is most effective.

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“Enhancement Of Sensitivity And Selectivity Of Chemical Sensors Through Thin Film Coatings And Surface Modifications, Joseph Jeremy Headrick Aug 2003

“Enhancement Of Sensitivity And Selectivity Of Chemical Sensors Through Thin Film Coatings And Surface Modifications, Joseph Jeremy Headrick

Doctoral Dissertations

Chemical sensors have become major analytical tools for how we monitor
and obtain information about the chemical nature of ourselves and our
surroundings. Two characteristics of chemical sensors that are under constant
development and improvement are their selectivity and their sensitivity.
Selectivity is a concern of any chemical sensor, without it the signal obtained by
a chemical sensor cannot be related to the target species concentration with any
confidence. With chemical sensors the selectivity is generally created by the
used of a chemical recognition layer such as a permeable membrane, or a thin
chemical film. The sensitivity of a chemical …

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Query Algebra Operations For Interval Probabilities, Wenzhong Zhao, Alex Dekhtyar, Judy Goldsmith Aug 2003

Query Algebra Operations For Interval Probabilities, Wenzhong Zhao, Alex Dekhtyar, Judy Goldsmith

Computer Science and Software Engineering

The groundswell for the `00s is imprecise probabilities. Whether the numbers represent the probable location of a GPS device at its next sounding, the inherent uncertainty of an individual expert's probability prediction, or the range of values derived from the fusion of sensor data, probability intervals became an important way of representing uncertainty. However, until recently, there has been no robust support for storage and management of imprecise probabilities. In this paper, we define the semantics of traditional query algebra operations of selection, projection, Cartesian product and join, as well as an operation of conditionalization, specific to probabilistic databases. We …

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Haptic-Geozui3d: Exploring The Use Of Haptics In Auv Path Planning, Rick Komerska, Colin Ware Aug 2003

Haptic-Geozui3d: Exploring The Use Of Haptics In Auv Path Planning, Rick Komerska, Colin Ware

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

We have developed a desktop virtual reality system that we call Haptic-GeoZui3D, which brings together 3D user interaction and visualization to provide a compelling environment for AUV path planning. A key component in our system is the PHANTOM haptic device (SensAble Technologies, Inc.), which affords a sense of touch and force feedback – haptics – to provide cues and constraints to guide the user’s interaction. This paper describes our system, and how we use haptics to significantly augment our ability to lay out a vehicle path. We show how our system works well for quickly defining simple waypoint-towaypoint (e.g. transit) …

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Effects Of Barnacle Encrustation On The Swimming Behaviour, Energetics, Morphometry, And Drag Coefficient Of The Scallop Chlamys Hastata, Deborah Anne Donovan, Brian L. Bingham, Milton From, Abby F. Fleisch, Eli S. Loomis Aug 2003

Effects Of Barnacle Encrustation On The Swimming Behaviour, Energetics, Morphometry, And Drag Coefficient Of The Scallop Chlamys Hastata, Deborah Anne Donovan, Brian L. Bingham, Milton From, Abby F. Fleisch, Eli S. Loomis

Environmental Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Barnacle encrustation negatively influenced every aspect of swimming in the scallop Chlamys hastata measured in this study. Scallops swam significantly longer, travelled further and attained greater elevation once epibiotic barnacles had been removed. Shell morphometry of barnacle-encrusted scallops was similar to shells of unencrusted scallops. Specifically, shell length was positively allometric with shell height and shell mass was negatively allometric. However, adductor muscle mass scaled isometrically to shell height, in contrast to unencrusted scallops. In the laboratory, the drag coefficient (Cd) of barnacle-encrusted scallops decreased after barnacle removal, in contrast to sponge-encrusted scallops in which no decrease in …

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Spatial Variation In Distribution And Growth Patterns Of Old Growth Strip-Bark Pines, Andrew Godard Bunn, Rick L. Lawrence, Gabriel J. Bellante, Lindsey A. Waggoner, Lisa Graumlich Aug 2003

Spatial Variation In Distribution And Growth Patterns Of Old Growth Strip-Bark Pines, Andrew Godard Bunn, Rick L. Lawrence, Gabriel J. Bellante, Lindsey A. Waggoner, Lisa Graumlich

Environmental Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Postindustrial rises in CO2 have the potential to confound the interpretation of climatically sensitive tree-ring chronologies. Increased growth rates observed during the 20th century in strip-bark trees have been attributed to CO2 fertilization. Absent in the debate of CO2 effects on tree growth are spatially explicit analyses that examine the proximate mechanisms that lead to changes in rates of tree growth. Twenty-seven pairs of strip-bark and companion entire-bark trees were analyzed in a spatially explicit framework for abiotic environmental correlates. The strip-bark tree locations were not random but correlated to an abiotic proxy for soil moisture. The …

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Tb187: Forest Vegetation Monitoring In Acadia National Park, J. D. Eckhoff, G. B. Wiersma, J. A. Elvir Aug 2003

Tb187: Forest Vegetation Monitoring In Acadia National Park, J. D. Eckhoff, G. B. Wiersma, J. A. Elvir

Technical Bulletins

The goal of this report is to present the results of the vegetation component of the PRIMENet study at Acadia. The results include a classification of vegetation types and their locations within Cadillac Brook and Hadlock Brook watersheds; a synthesis of the primary and meta tree, sapling, and seedling data from the two study watersheds; and foliar chemical analyses using Acer rubrum and Picea rubens from Cadillac Brook and Hadlock Brook watersheds. This report provides the baseline information for long-term forest vegetation monitoring in the deciduous and coniferous forests in Cadillac Brook and Hadlock Brook watersheds. Ongoing interest and studies …

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Optimal Control Of Differential-Algebraic Inclusions, Boris S. Mordukhovich, Lianwen Wang Aug 2003

Optimal Control Of Differential-Algebraic Inclusions, Boris S. Mordukhovich, Lianwen Wang

Mathematics Research Reports

No abstract provided.

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Fair-Weather Fans: The Correlation Between Attendance And Winning Percentage, Darren B. Glass Aug 2003

Fair-Weather Fans: The Correlation Between Attendance And Winning Percentage, Darren B. Glass

Math Faculty Publications

In Rob Neyer's chapter on San Francisco in his Big Book of Baseball Lineups, he speculates that there aren't really good baseball cities, and that attendance more closely correlates with winning percentage than with any other factor. He also suggests that a statistically minded person look at this. I took the challenge and have been playing with a lot of data.

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Management Of The Proposed Geographe Bay Blue Swimmer And Sand Crab Managed Fishery., Jane Borg Aug 2003

Management Of The Proposed Geographe Bay Blue Swimmer And Sand Crab Managed Fishery., Jane Borg

Fisheries management papers

This discussion paper has been prepared following an extensive consultation process, to encourage continued public involvement in the development of management arrangements for the blue swimmer and sand crab resources of Geographe Bay. These proposed management arrangements affect both commercial and recreational fishers.

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Draft Plan Of Management For The Proposed Point Quobba Fish Habitat Protection Area., Department Of Fisheries Aug 2003

Draft Plan Of Management For The Proposed Point Quobba Fish Habitat Protection Area., Department Of Fisheries

Fisheries management papers

Point Quobba is a popular site for locals and tourists for beach activities, fishing and snorkelling, and as a place for children to learn to swim and gain an awareness of the marine environment. The marine life and habitats of the area are of considerable scientific and recreational interest and are highly valued in the local community. However, they are at risk from their high level of use and from conflict between users due to their proximity to popular tourism, boat ramp, camping and settlement areas on-shore.

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Avhrr-Based Spectral Vegetation Index For Quantitative Assessment Of Vegetation State And Productivity: Calibration And Validation, Felix Kogan, Anatoly A. Gitelson, Edige Zakarin, Lev Spivak, Lubov Lebed Aug 2003

Avhrr-Based Spectral Vegetation Index For Quantitative Assessment Of Vegetation State And Productivity: Calibration And Validation, Felix Kogan, Anatoly A. Gitelson, Edige Zakarin, Lev Spivak, Lubov Lebed

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

The goal of the work was to estimate, quantitatively, vegetation state and productivity using AVHRR-based Vegetation Condition Index (VCI). The VCI algorithm includes application of post-launch calibration to visible channels, calculation of NDVI from channels’ reflectance, removal of high-frequency noise from NDVI’s annual time series, stratification of ecosystem resources, and separation of ecosystem and weather components in the NDVI value. The weather component was calculated by normalizing the NDVI to the difference of the extreme NDVI fluctuations (maximum and minimum), derived from multi-year data for each week and land pixel. The VCI was compared with wheat density measured in Kazakhstan. …

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When Abelian Groups Split, Rachel M. Thomas, Robert C. Rhoades Aug 2003

When Abelian Groups Split, Rachel M. Thomas, Robert C. Rhoades

Mathematical Sciences Technical Reports (MSTR)

Let S be a hyperbolic surface tiled by kaleidoscopic triangles. Let Re denote the set of fixed points by the reflection in an edge, e, of a triangle. We say that Re is separating if S-Re has two components. Once we have a tiling, we can define a group of orientation preserving transformations, G. We develop a method for determining when a reflection is separating using the group algebra of G. Using this method we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a mirror to be separating when G is abelian. We also conjecture, that …

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A Search For Pure Disk Galaxies, Stefan Kautsch, Eva K. Grebel Aug 2003

A Search For Pure Disk Galaxies, Stefan Kautsch, Eva K. Grebel

Chemistry and Physics Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

Flat (or superthin) galaxies are late-type edge-on spiral galaxies that exhibit large axial ratios, small stellar disk scale heights and no distinct spheroidal bulge component. This type of galaxies appears to be a pure disk system with an extended blue stellar disk embedded in a red thick layer. Flat galaxies are very common objects with low star formation rates, low metallicities, low optical surface brightness but high neutral gas fractions. Their rotation curves resemble those of dwarf and irregular galaxies. These simple disk systems offer the unique opportunity to constrain galaxy disk evolution in underevolved galaxies in the nearby Universe. …

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Summer 2003, Nsu Oceanographic Center Aug 2003

Summer 2003, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

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An Extended General Location Model For Causal Inference From Data Subject To Noncompliance And Missing Values, Yahong Peng, Rod Little, Trivellore E. Raghuanthan Aug 2003

An Extended General Location Model For Causal Inference From Data Subject To Noncompliance And Missing Values, Yahong Peng, Rod Little, Trivellore E. Raghuanthan

The University of Michigan Department of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Noncompliance is a common problem in experiments involving randomized assignment of treatments, and standard analyses based on intention-to treat or treatment received have limitations. An attractive alternative is to estimate the Complier-Average Causal Effect (CACE), which is the average treatment effect for the subpopulation of subjects who would comply under either treatment (Angrist, Imbens and Rubin, 1996, henceforth AIR). We propose an Extended General Location Model to estimate the CACE from data with non-compliance and missing data in the outcome and in baseline covariates. Models for both continuous and categorical outcomes and ignorable and latent ignorable (Frangakis and Rubin, 1999) …

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On The Formation Of Weighting Adjustment Cells For Unit Nonresponse, Sonya Vartivarian, Rod Little Aug 2003

On The Formation Of Weighting Adjustment Cells For Unit Nonresponse, Sonya Vartivarian, Rod Little

The University of Michigan Department of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

A method is proposed for weighting adjustments for unit nonresponse based on a crossclassification by the estimated propensity to respond and by the predicted mean of a survey outcome. Simulations to assess the performance of the method are described.

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Competition Between Ferromagnetism And Antiferromagnetism In Fept, G. Brown, B. Kraczek, A. Janotti, T. C. Schulthess, G. M. Stocks, Duane D. Johnson Aug 2003

Competition Between Ferromagnetism And Antiferromagnetism In Fept, G. Brown, B. Kraczek, A. Janotti, T. C. Schulthess, G. M. Stocks, Duane D. Johnson

Duane D. Johnson

Ni/Fe/Co/Cu(100) films were epitaxially grown and investigated by photoemission electron microscopy. The magnetic correlation of the Ni and Co films was investigated by element-specific domain images. We found that the Ni magnetization exhibits a continuous rotation in the spin reorientation transition (SRT) region and that the Ni SRT thickness oscillates with the Fe film thickness.

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Inference For The Population Total From Probability-Proportional-To-Size Samples Based On Predictions From A Penalized Spline Nonparametric Model, Hui Zheng, Rod Little Aug 2003

Inference For The Population Total From Probability-Proportional-To-Size Samples Based On Predictions From A Penalized Spline Nonparametric Model, Hui Zheng, Rod Little

The University of Michigan Department of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Inference about the finite population total from probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) samples is considered. In previous work (Zheng and Little, 2003), penalized spline (p-spline) nonparametric model-based estimators were shown to generally outperform the Horvitz-Thompson (HT) and generalized regression (GR) estimators in terms of the root mean squared error. In this article we develop model-based, jackknife and balanced repeated replicate variance estimation methods for the p-spline based estimators. Asymptotic properties of the jackknife method are discussed. Simulations show that p-spline point estimators and their jackknife standard errors lead to inferences that are superior to HT or GR based inferences. This suggests that nonparametric …

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