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2004

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Articles 2671 - 2700 of 4447

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Can Science Methods Really Be Taught On-Line?, W. M. Frazier Jan 2004

Can Science Methods Really Be Taught On-Line?, W. M. Frazier

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

In this paper, the process in which both project-based curriculum strategies and Blackboard web-based technology were utilized to develop on-line methods courses to prepare science teachers is described. A discussion of the curriculum design process includes a rationale for using project-based instruction in methods courses, along with a rationale for using Blackboard, a web-based technology, as the environment for the course. The course‘s potential for creating highly qualified science teachers as defined by the No Child Left Behind legislation of 2001 and the National Science Teacher Association‘s Standards for Science Teacher Preparation will be explored [1].

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Analysis Of Socio-Economic Factors In Correlation To Standardized Educational Test Scores, M. F. Connolly Jan 2004

Analysis Of Socio-Economic Factors In Correlation To Standardized Educational Test Scores, M. F. Connolly

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

This paper describes the analysis of socio-eeonomic factors in correlation to standardized educational test scores. The scores used were from the Elementary School Proficiency Assessment exam distributed to fourth graders in New Jersey during the years 1999, 200l- 2003 [1-4]. The socio—economie factors are from the 2000 United States Census [5]. Simple regression and other statistical equations were used to compare the data from both sources with Microsoft Excel as a programming tool to perform the analysis.

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Magnetic Isomers And Local Moment Distribution In Mn5o And Mn6o Clusters, N. O. Jones, Shiv N. Khanna, T. Baruah, M. R. Pederson, W.-J. Zheng, J. M. Nilles, K. H. Bowen Jan 2004

Magnetic Isomers And Local Moment Distribution In Mn5o And Mn6o Clusters, N. O. Jones, Shiv N. Khanna, T. Baruah, M. R. Pederson, W.-J. Zheng, J. M. Nilles, K. H. Bowen

Physics Publications

A synergistic approach combining the experimental photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical electronic structure studies is used to demonstrate the existence of magnetic isomers as well as configurations having comparable binding energies, identical spins, and yet differing in the distribution of local moments (called isomags). Our studies carried out on Mn5O and Mn6O clusters show that while the O atom occupies either bridge or hollow site with a binding energy of 6.88eV in Mn5, it prefers a hollow site with a binding energy of 7.18eV in Mn6 clusters. Mn5O is shown to possess two magnetic isomers with total spins of 13 and …

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Spectroscopic Signature Of Magnetic Bistability In Mn2oà Anions And Its Implications For Piezomagnetism At The Nanoscale, Shiv N. Khanna, Puru Jena, W.-J. Zheng, J. M. Nilles, K. H. Bowen Jan 2004

Spectroscopic Signature Of Magnetic Bistability In Mn2oà Anions And Its Implications For Piezomagnetism At The Nanoscale, Shiv N. Khanna, Puru Jena, W.-J. Zheng, J. M. Nilles, K. H. Bowen

Physics Publications

A synergistic study, using gradient corrected density functional theory and photoelectron spectroscopy, shows that the presence of oxygen can fundamentally alter the interaction between two Mn atoms. The normally weak interaction between two Mn atoms exhibits strong bonding when an oxygen atom is added to form Mn2O. This allows the atomiclike magnetic moments of each Mn atom to couple either ferromagnetically or antiferromagnetically depending on whether Mn2O is anionic or neutral. Furthermore, the Mn2O− anion is found to possess an antiferromagnetic isomer that lies only 0.01 eV above its nearly degenerate ferromagnetic ground state. The possibility of exploiting this magnetic …

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Energetics And Local Spin Magnetic Moment Of Single 3,4d Impurities Encapsulated In An Icosahedral Au12 Cage, Shan-Ying Wang, Jing-Zhi Yu, Hiroshi Mizuseki, Qiang Sun, Chong-Yu Wang, Yoshiyuki Kawazoe Jan 2004

Energetics And Local Spin Magnetic Moment Of Single 3,4d Impurities Encapsulated In An Icosahedral Au12 Cage, Shan-Ying Wang, Jing-Zhi Yu, Hiroshi Mizuseki, Qiang Sun, Chong-Yu Wang, Yoshiyuki Kawazoe

Physics Publications

The energetics and local spin magnetic moment of a single 3,4d impurity (Sc-Ni, Y-Pd) encapsulated in an icosahedral Au12 cage have been studied theoretically by using a real-space first-principles cluster method with generalized gradient approximation for exchange-correlation functional. The relativistic effect is considered by scalar relativistic pseudopotentials. All doped clusters show unexpected large relative binding energies compared with icosahedral Au13cluster. The smallest and the largest values appear at Pd and Zr, 2.186 and 7.791eV per cluster, respectively, indicating doping could stabilize the icosahedral Au12 cage and promote the formation of a new binary alloy cluster. Comparatively large magnetic moments are …

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Classical Stern-Gerlach Profiles Of Mn5 And Mn6 Clusters, N. O. Jones, Shiv N. Khanna, Tunna Baruah, M. R. Pederson Jan 2004

Classical Stern-Gerlach Profiles Of Mn5 And Mn6 Clusters, N. O. Jones, Shiv N. Khanna, Tunna Baruah, M. R. Pederson

Physics Publications

Mn5 and Mn6 clusters have recently been found to exhibit Stern-Gerlach profiles marked by a central peak that broadens with the increasing field gradient. The profiles neither exhibit a reminiscence of space quantization as observed through a splitting of beams for the case of free atoms, nor a net deflection characteristic of superparamagnetic relaxations observed in other transition metal clusters. It is proposed that this new behavior results from a weak coupling of localized atomic moments. ab initio electronic structure studies are carried out to show that a Mn5cluster has isomers with spin magnetic moments of 3μB, 13μB, and 23μBwhile …

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Magnetism And Energetics Of Mn-Doped Zno (101¯0) Thin Films, Q. Wang, Q. Sun, B. K. Rao, Puru Jena Jan 2004

Magnetism And Energetics Of Mn-Doped Zno (101¯0) Thin Films, Q. Wang, Q. Sun, B. K. Rao, Puru Jena

Physics Publications

First-principles calculations based on gradient corrected density functional theory are performed on Mn-doped ZnO thin film. Magnetism and energetics are studied for two Mn concentrations and varying Mn configurations. It is found that in the dilute limit when Mn atoms are far apart, the ferro-magnetic and antiferromagnetic states are energetically nearly degenerate. The resulting fluctuation would, therefore, make the system paramagnetic as found in the experiment. But, as the concentration of Mn atoms increases, there is a tendency for Mn atoms to form nearest neighbors and cluster around oxygen. For such a configuration, the antiferromagnetic coupling between Mn atoms is …

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Interactions Of Au Cluster Anions With Oxygen, Qiang Sun, Puru Jena, Young Dok Kim, Matthias Fischer, Gerd Ganteför Jan 2004

Interactions Of Au Cluster Anions With Oxygen, Qiang Sun, Puru Jena, Young Dok Kim, Matthias Fischer, Gerd Ganteför

Physics Publications

Experimental and theoretical evidence is presented for the nondissociative chemisorption of O2on free Au cluster anions (Au−n, n=number of atoms) with n=2, 4, 6 at room temperature, indicating that the stabilization of the activated di-oxygen species is the key for the unusual catalytic activities of Au-based catalysts. In contrast to Au−n with n=2, 4, 6, O2 adsorbs atomically on Aumonomer anions. For the Aumonomer neutral, calculations based on density functional theory reveal that oxygen should be molecularly bound. On Au dimer and tetramer neutrals, oxygen is molecularly bound with the O–O bond being less activated with respect to their …

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Competition Between Linear And Cyclic Structures In Monochromium Carbide Clusters Crcn- And Crcn (N=2-8): A Photoelectron Spectroscopy And Density Functional Study, Hua-Jin Zhai, Lai-Sheng Wang, P. Jena, G. L. Gutsev, C. W. Bauschlicher Jr. Jan 2004

Competition Between Linear And Cyclic Structures In Monochromium Carbide Clusters Crcn- And Crcn (N=2-8): A Photoelectron Spectroscopy And Density Functional Study, Hua-Jin Zhai, Lai-Sheng Wang, P. Jena, G. L. Gutsev, C. W. Bauschlicher Jr.

Physics Publications

Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is combined with density functional theory (DFT) to study the monochromium carbide clusters CrC−n and CrCn (n=2–8). Well-resolved PES spectra were obtained, yielding structural, electronic, and vibrational information about both the anionic and neutral clusters. Experimental evidence was observed for the coexistence of two isomers for CrC−2, CrC−3, CrC−4, and CrC−6. Sharp and well-resolved PES spectra were observed for CrC−n (n=4,6,8), whereas broad spectra were observed for CrC−5 and CrC−7. Extensive DFT calculations using the generalized gradient approximation were carried out for the ground and low-lying excited states of all the CrC−n and CrCn species, as well …

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Geometry And Electronic Structure Of V-N(Bz)(M) Complexes, Anil K. Kandalam, B. K. Rao, P. Jena, Ravindra Pandey Jan 2004

Geometry And Electronic Structure Of V-N(Bz)(M) Complexes, Anil K. Kandalam, B. K. Rao, P. Jena, Ravindra Pandey

Physics Publications

First-principles calculations based on the generalized gradient approximation to the density functional theory are performed to explore the global geometries, ground-state spin multiplicities, relative stabilities, and energetics of neutral and anionic Vn(Bz)m (n51 – 3, m51 – 4, with n ,m) complexes. The calculated results show that the Vn(benzene)m complexes clearly prefer sandwich structures to rice-ball structures. The ground-state spin multiplicities of the Vn(benzene)n11 complexes increased linearly with the size of the system (i.e., n). In the anionic complexes, the V(benzene)2 complex is found to be unstable against the autodetachment of the extra electron. The energy difference between adiabatic and …

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Appearance Of Bulk Properties In Small Tungsten Oxide Clusters, Q. Sun, B. K. Rao, P. Jena, D. Stolcic, Y. D. Kim, Gerd Gantefor, A. W. Castleman Jr. Jan 2004

Appearance Of Bulk Properties In Small Tungsten Oxide Clusters, Q. Sun, B. K. Rao, P. Jena, D. Stolcic, Y. D. Kim, Gerd Gantefor, A. W. Castleman Jr.

Physics Publications

Contrary to the conventional understanding that atomic clusters usually differ in properties and structure from the bulk constituents of which they are comprised, we show that even a dimer of tungsten oxide (WO3)2 possesses bulklike features and the geometry of a small cluster containing only 4 tungsten and 12 oxygen atoms bears the hallmarks of crystalline tungsten oxide, WO3. This observation, based on a synergistic approach involving mass distributions under quasisteady state conditions, photoelectron spectroscopy, and first principles molecular orbital theory, not only illustrates the existence of a class of strongly covalent or ionic materials whose embryonic forms are tiny …

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Formation And Properties Of Halogenated Aluminum Clusters, D. E. Bergeron, A. W. Castleman Jr., T. Morisato, S. N. Khanna Jan 2004

Formation And Properties Of Halogenated Aluminum Clusters, D. E. Bergeron, A. W. Castleman Jr., T. Morisato, S. N. Khanna

Physics Publications

The fast-flow tube reaction apparatus was employed to study the halogenation of aluminum clusters. For reactions with HX (X=Cl, Br, and I), acid-etching pathways are evident, and we present findings for several reactions, whereby AlnX− generation is energetically favorable. Tandem reaction experiments allowed us to establish that for AlnCl−, AlnI−, and AlnI−2, species with n=6, 7, and 15 are particularly resistant to attack by oxygen. Further, trends in reactivity suggest that, in general, iodine incorporation leaves the aluminum clusters’ electronic properties largely unperturbed. Ab initio calculations were performed to better interpret reaction mechanisms and elucidate the characteristics of the products. …

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The Parsec-Scale Structure And Jet Motions Of The Tev Blazars 1es 1959+650, Pks 2155-304, And 1es 2344+514, B. Glenn Piner, Philip G. Edwards Jan 2004

The Parsec-Scale Structure And Jet Motions Of The Tev Blazars 1es 1959+650, Pks 2155-304, And 1es 2344+514, B. Glenn Piner, Philip G. Edwards

Physics

As part of our study of the VLBI properties of TeV blazar jets, we present here a series of high-resolution 15 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) images of the parsec-scale jets of the TeV blazars 1ES 1959+650, PKS 2155-304, and 1ES 2344+514, with linear resolutions of ~0.5 pc. Each of these sources was observed with the VLBA at three or four epochs during 1999 and 2000. There is a notable lack of any strong moving components on the VLBI images (in contrast to the rapid superluminal motions seen in EGRET blazars), and the structure of the VLBI jet can …

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Inorganic Nitrogen Transformations At High Loading Rates In An Oligohaline Estuary, R. Eugene Turner, Q. Dortch, Nancy N. Rabalais Jan 2004

Inorganic Nitrogen Transformations At High Loading Rates In An Oligohaline Estuary, R. Eugene Turner, Q. Dortch, Nancy N. Rabalais

Faculty Publications

A well-defined nitrogen retention and turnover budget was estimated for a shallow oligohaline lake (Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, USA). In 1997 a month-long diversion of the Mississippi River filled the Lake with highly concentrated river water (80 µM nitrate) and lowered the salinity to 0 psu within 2 weeks. After the spillway was closed the Lake mixed with estuarine tidal waters and came to equilibrium over 4 months with the riverine, atmospheric and offshore water nitrogen sources. A flushing rate of 1.78% d−1 was estimated by analyzing a plot of ln salinity versus time for the first 120 days after the …

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Below-Ground Biomass In Healthy And Impaired Salt Marshes, R. Eugene Turner, Erick M. Swenson, Charles S. Milan, James M. Lee, Thomas A. Oswald Jan 2004

Below-Ground Biomass In Healthy And Impaired Salt Marshes, R. Eugene Turner, Erick M. Swenson, Charles S. Milan, James M. Lee, Thomas A. Oswald

Faculty Publications

Twelve salt marshes in south Louisiana (USA) were classified as either ‘impaired’ or ‘healthy’ before a summer sample collection of above- and below-ground biomass and determination of sediment accretion rates. The above-ground biomass of plant tissues was the same at both impaired and healthy salt marshes and was not a good predictor of marsh health. However, below-ground root biomass in the upper 30 cm was much lower in the impaired marshes compared to the healthy marshes. Compromises to root production apparently occur before there is an obvious consequence to the above-ground biomass, which may quickly collapse before remedial action can …

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Suspended Sediment, C, N, P, And Si Yields From The Mississippi River Basin, R. Eugene Turner, Nancy N. Rabalais Jan 2004

Suspended Sediment, C, N, P, And Si Yields From The Mississippi River Basin, R. Eugene Turner, Nancy N. Rabalais

Faculty Publications

The annual loads of C,N,P, silicate, total suspended sediment (mass) and their yields (mass area−1) were estimated for six watersheds of the Mississippi River Basin (MRB) using water quality and water discharge records for 1973 to 1994. The highest load of suspended sediments is from the Missouri watershed (58 mt km2 yr−1), which is also the largest among the six major sub-basins. The Ohio watershed delivers the largest load of water (38%). The Upper Mississippi has the largest total nitrogen load (32%) and yield (1120 kg TN km2 yr−1). The loading of organic carbon, total phosphorus and silicate from the …

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Multiple Solutions For Quasilinear Elliptic Neumann Problems In Orlicz-Sobolev Spaces, Nikolaos Halidias, Vy Khoi Le Jan 2004

Multiple Solutions For Quasilinear Elliptic Neumann Problems In Orlicz-Sobolev Spaces, Nikolaos Halidias, Vy Khoi Le

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We investigate the existence of multiple solutions to quasilinear elliptic problems containing Laplace like operators (ϕ-Laplacians). We are interested in Neumann boundary value problems and our main tool is Brézis-Nirenberg's local linking theorem.

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Tid And See Testing Results Of Altera Cyclone Field Programmable Gate Array, Stephen L. Clark, K. Avery, R. Parker Jan 2004

Tid And See Testing Results Of Altera Cyclone Field Programmable Gate Array, Stephen L. Clark, K. Avery, R. Parker

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Total ionizing dose (TID) and single event effects testing was performed on Altera Cyclone FPGAs. The devices exhibit slight performance degradation to a TID of 1 Mrad (Si), but also exhibited single event latchup at a low LET.

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The Independence Of Characters On Nonabelian Groups, David E. Grow, Kathryn E. Hare Jan 2004

The Independence Of Characters On Nonabelian Groups, David E. Grow, Kathryn E. Hare

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We show that there are characters of compact, connected, nonabelian groups that approximate random choices of signs. The work was motivated by Kronecker's theorem on the independence of exponential functions and has applications to thin sets.

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Hereditarily Unicoherent Continua And Their Absolute Retracts, J. J. Charatonik, W. J. Charatonik, Janusz R. Prajs Jan 2004

Hereditarily Unicoherent Continua And Their Absolute Retracts, J. J. Charatonik, W. J. Charatonik, Janusz R. Prajs

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We investigate absolute retracts for classes of hereditarily unicoherent continua, tree-like continua, λ- dendroids, dendroids and some other related ones. The main results are: (1) the inverse limits of trees with confluent bonding mappings are absolute retracts of hereditarily unicoherent continua; (2) each tree-like continuum is embeddable in a special way in a tree-like absolute retract for the class of hereditarily unicoherent continua; (3) a dendroid is an absolute retract for hereditarily unicoherent continua if and only if it can be embedded as a retract into the Mohler-Nikiel universal smooth dendroid.

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Existence And Comparison Results For Quasilinear Evolution Hemivariational Inequalities, Siegfried Carl, Vy Khoi Le, Dumitru Motreanu Jan 2004

Existence And Comparison Results For Quasilinear Evolution Hemivariational Inequalities, Siegfried Carl, Vy Khoi Le, Dumitru Motreanu

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We generalize the sub-supersolution method known for weak solutions of single and multivalued nonlinear parabolic problems to quasilinear evolution hemivariational inequalities. To this end we first introduce our basic notion of sub- and supersolutions on the basis of which we then prove existence, comparison, compactness and extremality results for the hemivariational inequalities under considerations.

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Oscillation Of Second Order Nonlinear Dynamic Equations On Time Scales, S. H. Saker, Martin Bohner Jan 2004

Oscillation Of Second Order Nonlinear Dynamic Equations On Time Scales, S. H. Saker, Martin Bohner

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

By means of Riccati transformation techniques, we establish some oscillation criteria for a second order nonlinear dynamic equation on time scales in terms of the coefficients. We give examples of dynamic equations to which previously known oscillation criteria are not applicable.

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Oscillation Theory For Second Order Dynamic Equations [Book Review], Martin Bohner Jan 2004

Oscillation Theory For Second Order Dynamic Equations [Book Review], Martin Bohner

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Habitat Preferences And Diving Behavior Of White Marlin (Tetrapturus Albidus) Released From The Recreational Rod-And-Reel And Commercial Pelagic Longline Fisheries In The Western North Atlantic Ocean: Implications For Habitat-Based Stock Assessment Models, Andrij Horodysky, David W. Kerstetter, John E. Graves Jan 2004

Habitat Preferences And Diving Behavior Of White Marlin (Tetrapturus Albidus) Released From The Recreational Rod-And-Reel And Commercial Pelagic Longline Fisheries In The Western North Atlantic Ocean: Implications For Habitat-Based Stock Assessment Models, Andrij Horodysky, David W. Kerstetter, John E. Graves

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

To improve billfish assessments, researchers have applied habitat-based models that incorporate behavioral and oceanographic parameters to standardize historical catch-per-uniteffort time -series data, accounting for significant gear changes over time. However, there has been little behavioral data from Atlantic billfishes to support these models. We provide information on habitat preferences of white marlin released from recreational and commercial fisheries in the western North Atlantic. White marlin were tagged with pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) from recreational rod and reel (n=22) and commercial pelagic longline (n=2) fisheries between May-November 2002. Our data indicate that each surviving white marlin spent the majority of …

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Sea Turtle Conservation Program, Broward County, Fl 2004 Report, Curtis M. Burney, Stefanie Ouellette Jan 2004

Sea Turtle Conservation Program, Broward County, Fl 2004 Report, Curtis M. Burney, Stefanie Ouellette

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

No abstract provided.

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Microfauna As Tracers Of Sediment Transport: Ft. Pierce Dredge Spoils Sediment Study, Patricia Blackwelder, Carlos Alvares Zarikian, Terry Hood, Charles M. Featherstone, John Proni, Jules Craynock Jan 2004

Microfauna As Tracers Of Sediment Transport: Ft. Pierce Dredge Spoils Sediment Study, Patricia Blackwelder, Carlos Alvares Zarikian, Terry Hood, Charles M. Featherstone, John Proni, Jules Craynock

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

No abstract provided.

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Biozonation On Deep-Water Carbonate Mounds And Associated Hardgrounds Along The Western Margin Of Little Bahama Bank, With Notes On The Caicos Platform Island Slope, Charles G. Messing Jan 2004

Biozonation On Deep-Water Carbonate Mounds And Associated Hardgrounds Along The Western Margin Of Little Bahama Bank, With Notes On The Caicos Platform Island Slope, Charles G. Messing

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

Carbonate mounds found in a broad band from about 325 to 700 m along the western margin of Little Bahama Bank exhibit consistent faunal zonations characterized by assemblages of attached, suspension-feeding macroinvertebrates dominated by sponges, octocorals, crinoids and stylasterid and scleractinian corals. Biozonation on hard substrates appears chiefly dependent on depth (and associated parameters, e.g., temperature) and current flow. Mounds in 325-435 m with up to 30 m vertical relief reveal dense assemblages on gentler up current slopes and flanks, and an almost complete lack of macrofauna on steep downcurrent slopes. Macrofauna include stalked crinoids on upcurrent slopes and crest, …

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Spatial And Temporal Recruitment Patterns Of Juvenile Grunts (Haemulon Spp.) In South Florida, L. K. B. Jordan, David S. Gilliam, Robin L. Sherman, Paul T. Arena, Fleur M. Harttung, Robert M. Baron, Richard E. Spieler Jan 2004

Spatial And Temporal Recruitment Patterns Of Juvenile Grunts (Haemulon Spp.) In South Florida, L. K. B. Jordan, David S. Gilliam, Robin L. Sherman, Paul T. Arena, Fleur M. Harttung, Robert M. Baron, Richard E. Spieler

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

Grunts (Haemulidae) are important fisheries species and represent a major component of reef fish communities in the Greater Caribbean region. To date, little is known about their recruitment pattems. Data from more than 2,000 visual fish counts from multiple natural and artificial reef studies in Broward County, Florida, over a seven-year period, were examined to identify both spatial and temporal trends in recruitment of juvenile (i.e., < 5cm TL) grunts of the genus Haemulon. In general, data from these studies indicate that juvenile Haemulon spp. recruitment increases in the spring and peaks in the early summer months (i.e., June and July). Data from natural reef surveys revealed a predominantly nearshore preference for recruitment in water depths less than 8 m. However, on artificial reefs, recruitment commoniy occurred at 20 m depths. The biotic and abiotic factors determining the settlement of grunts are not clear and will be examined in future studies.

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Winter 2004, Nsu Oceanographic Center Jan 2004

Winter 2004, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

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Diel Activity Patterns Of The Louisiana Pine Snakes (Pituophis Ruthveni) In Eastern Texas, Marc J. Ealy, Robert R. Fleet, D. Craig Rudolph Jan 2004

Diel Activity Patterns Of The Louisiana Pine Snakes (Pituophis Ruthveni) In Eastern Texas, Marc J. Ealy, Robert R. Fleet, D. Craig Rudolph

Faculty Publications

This study examined the diel activity patterns of six Louisiana pine snakes in eastern Texas using radio-telemetry. snakes were monitored for 44 days on two study areas from May to October 1996. Louisana pine snakes were primarily diurnal with moderate crepuscular activity, spending the night within pocket gopher burrows or inactive on the surface. During daylight hours, snakes spent approximately 59% of their time underground within gopher burrows, burned out/rotten stumps, or nine-branded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) burrows. Remaining time was spent on the surface either close to subteranean refuge, or in long distance movements that generally terminet at …

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