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2004

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Articles 2791 - 2820 of 4447

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Perelman's Monotonicity Formula And Applications, Natasa Sesum Jan 2004

Perelman's Monotonicity Formula And Applications, Natasa Sesum

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This article relies on [15] that the author wrote with Gang Tian and Xiaodong Wang. In view of Hamilton's important work on the Ricci flow and Perelman's paper on the Ricci flow where he developes the techniques that he will later use in completing Hamilton's program for the geometrization conjecture, there may be more interest in the area. We will also discuss the author's theorem which says that the curvature tensor stays uniformly bounded under the unnormalized Ricci flow in a finite time, if the curvatures are uniformly bounded. We will prove that in the case of a Kähler-Ricci flow …

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Flops Of Crepant Resolutions, Anda Degeratu Jan 2004

Flops Of Crepant Resolutions, Anda Degeratu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let G be a finite subgroup of SL(3, \mathcal{C}) acting with an isolated singularity on \mathcal{C}^3. A crepant resolution of \mathcal{C}^3/G comes together with a set of tautological line bundles associated to each irreducible representation of G. In this note we give a formula for the triple product of the first Chern class of the tautological bundles in terms of both the geometry of the crepant resolution and the representation theory of G. From here we derive the way these triple products change when we perform a flop.

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The Cross Curvature Flow Of 3-Manifolds With Negative Sectional Curvature, Bennett Chow, Richard S. Hamilton Jan 2004

The Cross Curvature Flow Of 3-Manifolds With Negative Sectional Curvature, Bennett Chow, Richard S. Hamilton

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We consider the cross curvature flow, an evolution equation of metrics on 3-manifolds. We establish short time existence when the sectional curvature has a sign. In the case of negative sectional curvature, we obtain some monotonicity formulas which support the conjecture that after normalization, for initial metrics on closed 3-manifolds with negative sectional curvature, the solution exists for all time and converges to a hyperbolic metric. This conjecture is still open at the present time.

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Surgery Diagrams For Contact 3-Manifolds, Fan Ding, Hansjörg Geiges, Andras I. Stipsicz Jan 2004

Surgery Diagrams For Contact 3-Manifolds, Fan Ding, Hansjörg Geiges, Andras I. Stipsicz

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In two previous papers, the two first-named authors introduced a notion of contact r-surgery along Legendrian knots in contact 3-manifolds. They also showed how (at least in principle) to convert any contact r-surgery into a sequence of contact (\pm 1)-surgeries, and used this to prove that any (closed) contact 3-manifold can be obtained from the standard contact structure on S^3 by a sequence of such contact (\pm 1)-surgeries. In the present paper, we give a shorter proof of that result and a more explicit algorithm for turning a contact r-surgery into (\pm 1)-surgeries. We use this to give explicit surgery …

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Quasipositivity Problem For 3-Braids, Stepan Yu. Orevkov Jan 2004

Quasipositivity Problem For 3-Braids, Stepan Yu. Orevkov

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

A braid is called quasipositive if it is a product of conjugates of standard generators of the braid group. We present an algorithm deciding if a given braid with three strings is quasipositive or not. The complexity (the time of work) of our algorithm is O(n^{k+1}) where n is the length of the word in standard generators representing the braid and k is the algebraic length of the braid. The algorithm is based on the Garside normal form. The problem of quasipositivity in braid groups is motivated by the topology of plane real algebraic curves (16th Hilbert's problem). In particular, …

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Solution Of The Word Problem In The Singular Braid Group, Stepan Yu. Orevkov Jan 2004

Solution Of The Word Problem In The Singular Braid Group, Stepan Yu. Orevkov

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Singular braids are isotopy classes of smooth strings which are allowed to cross each other pairwise with distinct tangents. Under the usual multiplication of braids, they form a monoid. The singular braid group was introduced by Fenn-Keyman-Rourke as the quotient group of the singular braid monoid. We give a solution of the word problem for this group. It is obtained as a combination of the results by Fenn-Keyman-Rourke and some simple geometric considerations based on the mapping class interpretation of braids. Combined with Corran's normal form for the singular braid monoid, our algorithm provides a computable normal form for the …

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Field, Petrographic And Geochemical Characteristics Of The Hamit Alkaline Intrusion In The Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex, Turkey, Nurdane İlbeyli̇ Jan 2004

Field, Petrographic And Geochemical Characteristics Of The Hamit Alkaline Intrusion In The Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex, Turkey, Nurdane İlbeyli̇

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Hamit pluton is one of the alkaline intrusions in the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (CACC). The pluton consists of nepheline syenite, pseudoleucite syenite, alkali-feldspar syenite and quartz syenite. The nepheline syenite and pseudoleucite syenite are cut by foid-bearing microsyenitic dykes, whereas the alkali-feldspar syenite and quartz syenite are cut by aplitic and silicic dykes. The predominantly peralkaline Hamit intrusive rocks possess field, petrographic and geochemical characteristics comparable to A-type granites. All intrusive rocks of this pluton show enrichment in LILE and LREE relative to HFSE. The Th/Yb versus Ta/Yb plot suggests that the intrusive rocks formed from an enriched …

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Magma Interaction Recorded In Plagioclase Zoning In Granitoid Systems, Zigana Granitoid, Eastern Pontides, Turkey, Orhan Karsli, Faruk Aydin, M. Burhan Sadiklar Jan 2004

Magma Interaction Recorded In Plagioclase Zoning In Granitoid Systems, Zigana Granitoid, Eastern Pontides, Turkey, Orhan Karsli, Faruk Aydin, M. Burhan Sadiklar

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Plagioclase crystals characterized by compositional zoning are typical of the Zigana Granitoid (ZG), NE Turkey. The zoned crystals, which show textural equilibrium with the assemblage quartz + plagioclase + K-feldspar + hornblende + biotite + pyroxene + magnetite + ilmenite, exhibit oscillatory zoning. The zoned plagioclase crystals, ranging in size from 3 to 6 mm, are oval and larger than normal lath-shaped crystals. The zoned crystals are divided petrographically into two main types: (i) crystals zones only at their rims, with spongy cores; and (ii) completely zoned ones. Composition of the zoned crystals ranges from An_{23} (oligoclase) to An_{70} (labradorite). …

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The Karakaya Complex: A Review Of Data And Concepts, Aral İ. Okay, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu Jan 2004

The Karakaya Complex: A Review Of Data And Concepts, Aral İ. Okay, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Karakaya Complex in the Pontides consists of highly deformed and partly metamorphosed clastic and volcanic series of Permian and Triassic age. It is generally subdivided into two parts: The structurally lower part, called the Lower Karakaya Complex, consists of a mafic lava-mafic pyroclastite-shale-limestone succession metamorphosed in the greenschist and blueschist facies during the Late Palaeozoic or Triassic. The structurally upper part is made up of highly deformed Permian and Triassic clastic, volcaniclastic and volcanic rocks with exotic limestone blocks. There are currently two different models for the depositional setting and tectonic evolution of the Karakaya Complex. The rift model …

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Significance Of The Volcanogenic Nilüfer Unit And Related Components Of The Triassic Karakaya Complex For Tethyan Subduction/Accretion Processes In Nw Turkey, Elizabeth A. Pickett, Alastair H. F. Robertson Jan 2004

Significance Of The Volcanogenic Nilüfer Unit And Related Components Of The Triassic Karakaya Complex For Tethyan Subduction/Accretion Processes In Nw Turkey, Elizabeth A. Pickett, Alastair H. F. Robertson

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Tethyan Karakaya Complex extends east-west across northern Turkey from the Aegean coast to Iran (c. 1100 km), and is interpreted as a Mid-Late Triassic subduction/accretion complex. It comprises strongly deformed fragments of Triassic oceanic seamounts, mid-ocean ridge-type oceanic crust, trench-type sedimentary rocks (Ortaoba Unit) and Permian-Triassic continental fragments (Çal Unit). We focus on the Triassic Nilüfer Unit, which comprises altered basic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, volcanogenic sedimentary rocks, heterogeneous debris flow deposits, calciturbidites, siliceous pelagic sedimentary rocks and, in places, Triassic shallow-water limestones. The predominant lithologies are massive basalt and reworked basic pyroclastic deposits. Additional detrital lithologies include volcanogenic …

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New Results On The Lithostratigraphy Of The Kazdağ Massif In Northwest Turkey, Mehmet Duru, Şükrü Pehli̇van, Yalçin Şentürk, Fatma Yavaş, Hüseyi̇n Kar Jan 2004

New Results On The Lithostratigraphy Of The Kazdağ Massif In Northwest Turkey, Mehmet Duru, Şükrü Pehli̇van, Yalçin Şentürk, Fatma Yavaş, Hüseyi̇n Kar

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Kazdağ mountain range, termed the Kazdağ Group, crop out as a tectonic window under the Karakaya Complex in northwestern Turkey. The Kazdağ Group forms a doubly plunging, NE-SW-trending anticliniorium. During our regional geological mapping of the Kazdağ Group, we have subdivided the metamorphic rocks into four formations. The lowermost unit is the Fındıklı formation, which comprises amphibole-gneiss, marble and minor amphibolite. It crops out mainly in the southern part of the Kazdağ Massif. The marble horizons within the Fındıklı formation have been named the Altınoluk and Babadağ marble members. The overlying unit, comprising metadunite …

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Geology And Correlation Of The Ezine Zone: A Rhodope Fragment In Nw Turkey?, Laurent Beccaletto, Catherine Jenny Jan 2004

Geology And Correlation Of The Ezine Zone: A Rhodope Fragment In Nw Turkey?, Laurent Beccaletto, Catherine Jenny

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

In northwestern Turkey, the Denizgören ophiolite and its sedimentary substratum, the Ezine Group, are enigmatic geological objects whose evolution remains problematic. Based on long-term fieldwork, we here propose a solution for their genesis and correlation. The whole of the Ezine Group, more than three km thick, is characterised by the systematic occurrence of carbonate rocks in the greenschist facies. It has been subdivided into three conformable formations: the Geyikli Formation, with a slight terrigeneous detrital nature, (Middle)-Late Permian in age; the Karadağ Formation, with platform-type sedimentation with local detrital input, Late Permian (Djulfian) in age; the Çamköy Formation, with a …

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Uppermost Triassic Limestone In The Karakaya Complex- Stratigraphic And Tectonic Significance, Aral İ. Okay, Demi̇r Altiner Jan 2004

Uppermost Triassic Limestone In The Karakaya Complex- Stratigraphic And Tectonic Significance, Aral İ. Okay, Demi̇r Altiner

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Two important tectonostratigraphic units of the Karakaya Complex in northwest Turkey are: a lower metamorphic sequence of metabasite, phyllite and marble, called the Nilüfer Unit; and an upper clastic sequence with Permian and Carboniferous limestone olistoliths called the Hodul Unit. In northwestern Turkey, the Hodul Unit consists of arkosic sandstones, which pass upward into greywacke and siltstone with Permian and Carboniferous limestone blocks. A scarce macrofauna in the sandstones indicates a Norian age for the Hodul Unit. We report for the first time Norian-Rhaetian limestones, here named the Kaşal Limestone Member, from the Hodul Unit to the southwest of Balıkesir. …

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Autochthonous Upper Permian (Midian) Carbonates In The Western Sakarya Composite Terrane, Geyve Area, Turkey: Preliminary Data, Necati̇ Turhan, Cengi̇z Okuyucu, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu Jan 2004

Autochthonous Upper Permian (Midian) Carbonates In The Western Sakarya Composite Terrane, Geyve Area, Turkey: Preliminary Data, Necati̇ Turhan, Cengi̇z Okuyucu, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Permian limestones occur widely within the clastic units of the "Karakaya Complex" and are interpreted as allochthonous bodies or olistoliths. In the Kadirler area to the south of Geyve, however, Upper Permian (Midian) quartz sandstones and carbonates with a rich foraminifer fauna disconformably overlie a crystalline basement complex. This basement complex comprises metaclastic rocks, recrystallised limestones, metacherts, and metadiabases, and is intruded by granodiorites. The overlying basal conglomerates and quartzitic sandstones are dominated by pebbles from the basement complex and are followed upward by medium- to thick-bedded dolomites, dolomitic limestones and limestones. The foraminiferal assemblage with Neoschwagerina haydeni Dutkevitch and …

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Upper Permian (Changxingian) Radiolarian Cherts Within The Clastic Successions Of The "Karakaya Complex" In Nw Anatolia, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu, Kiyoko Kuwahara, U. Kağan Teki̇n, Necati̇ Turhan Jan 2004

Upper Permian (Changxingian) Radiolarian Cherts Within The Clastic Successions Of The "Karakaya Complex" In Nw Anatolia, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu, Kiyoko Kuwahara, U. Kağan Teki̇n, Necati̇ Turhan

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The arkosic sandstones with olistostromes within the "Karakaya Complex" in NW Anatolia to the south of Geyve include a thin layer of green chert with radiolaria. Based on the composition of Albaillellids, the radiolarian assemblage corresponds to the Neoalbaillella ornithoformis assemblage, and its age is assigned to the Changxingian (Late Permian). This is the first finding of synsedimentary radiolarian cherts within the Karakaya units and the indication of latest Permian rifting of the Karakaya basin within the Midian carbonate platform and its pre-Permian basement in the Sakarya Composite Terrane.

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Design Of Geophysical Surveys In Transportation, Paul Michaels Jan 2004

Design Of Geophysical Surveys In Transportation, Paul Michaels

CGISS Publications and Presentations

Designing geophysical investigations for transportation related projects requires special attention to the constraints imposed by right-of-way, irregular topography, noise from traffic, and the need to avoid the interruption of traffic flow. A geophysical engineer needs to be prepared to consider these design issues that are not addressed in a standard procedure such as ASTM D-5777. The author presents design strategies that address these issues, and illustrates the concepts with case histories taken from bridge and highway projects. Beam steering, broadside shooting, and non-traditional designs that preserve alternative analysis options are presented. Transportation engineers who augment traditional subsurface geotechnical surveys with …

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Levels Of Synthetic Musk Compounds In Municipal Wastewater For Potential Estimation Of Biota Exposure In Receiving Waters, Lantis Osemwengie, Shawn Gerstenberger Jan 2004

Levels Of Synthetic Musk Compounds In Municipal Wastewater For Potential Estimation Of Biota Exposure In Receiving Waters, Lantis Osemwengie, Shawn Gerstenberger

Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications

We analyzed water samples from the confluence of three municipal sewage treatment effluent streams, surface water, and whole carp (Cyprinus carpio) for synthetic musks for a period of 7–12 months. The lipid content of each fish was determined and compared with the concentration of musks in the whole fish tissue. Enhanced methods were used for water sampling and musk extraction. The data presented here provide insight as to the relationship between concentrations of synthetic musks in the municipal effluent and associated biota. This study confirmed the presence of polycyclic and nitro musk compounds in sewage effluent, Lake Mead water, and …

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Developing A Sensing System For The Measurement Of Oxygen Concentration In Liquid Pb-Bi Eutectic, Yingtao Jiang, Bingmei Fu, Woosoon Yim Jan 2004

Developing A Sensing System For The Measurement Of Oxygen Concentration In Liquid Pb-Bi Eutectic, Yingtao Jiang, Bingmei Fu, Woosoon Yim

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is a candidate as a spallation target in sub-critical transmutation systems and as a coolant in nuclear programs. One of the primary concerns with LBE systems is the corrosion of stainless steel, the primary structural material used in nuclear systems. To mitigate this problem, trace levels of oxygen can be introduced into the system, causing the formation of a protective oxide layer at the interface between the LBE and steel. To protect the steel components, this oxide layer must be properly maintained. However, too much oxygen will produce unwanted oxide precipitation within the coolant and elsewhere in …

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Use Of Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy For Stress-Strain Measurements, Ajit K. Roy Jan 2004

Use Of Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy For Stress-Strain Measurements, Ajit K. Roy

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

Metals and alloys, when subjected to tensile loading beyond a limiting value, can undergo plastic deformation resulting in lattice defects such as voids and dislocations. These imperfections may interact with the crystal lattice, producing a higher state of internal stresses characterized by reduced ductility. Residual stresses can also be generated in welded structures due to rapid rate of solidification, and dissimilar metallurgical microstructures between the weld and the base metals. Premature failures can be experienced in engineering metals and alloys due to the presence of these residual stresses. Specific thermal treatments commonly known as stress relief operations can relieve these …

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Friends Of Red Rock Canyon Quarterly Meeting, Public Lands Institute Jan 2004

Friends Of Red Rock Canyon Quarterly Meeting, Public Lands Institute

Presentations (PLI)

The Public Lands Institute is dedicated to strengthening the national fabric that is essential for the protection, conservation, and management of public lands.

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Oliver Ranch Science School Complex & Wild Horse And Burro Facility: Quarterly Progress Report, Period Ending June 30, 2004, Margaret N. Rees Jan 2004

Oliver Ranch Science School Complex & Wild Horse And Burro Facility: Quarterly Progress Report, Period Ending June 30, 2004, Margaret N. Rees

Oliver Ranch Project

Assist in project coordination between numerous stakeholders such as the Clark County School System, Desert Research Institute, Community College of Southern Nevada, UNR Cooperative Extension, Nevada State College, local museums, state parks, non-profit organizations, federal agencies, and the public to ensure appropriate educational curricular activities and venues are provided for in the conceptual design of the School and the Wild Horse and Burro facility where appropriate as well as assist in the NEPA process as needed. The activities will be conducted at least in part by university faculty, staff and students as part of the university’s research, teaching, and service …

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Oliver Ranch Science School Complex & Wild Horse And Burro Facility: Quarterly Progress Report, Period Ending September 30, 2004, Margaret N. Rees Jan 2004

Oliver Ranch Science School Complex & Wild Horse And Burro Facility: Quarterly Progress Report, Period Ending September 30, 2004, Margaret N. Rees

Oliver Ranch Project

Assist in project coordination between numerous stakeholders such as the Clark County School System, Desert Research Institute, Community College of Southern Nevada, UNR Cooperative Extension, Nevada State College, local museums, state parks, non-profit organizations, federal agencies, and the public to ensure appropriate educational curricular activities and venues are provided for in the conceptual design of the School and the Wild Horse and Burro facility where appropriate as well as assist in the NEPA process as needed. The activities will be conducted at least in part by university faculty, staff and students as part of the university’s research, teaching, and service …

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Experimental Determination Of Stiffness Of Joints In Welded Tuff, Jaak J.K. Daemen, George Danko, Amy J. Smiecinski Jan 2004

Experimental Determination Of Stiffness Of Joints In Welded Tuff, Jaak J.K. Daemen, George Danko, Amy J. Smiecinski

Publications (YM)

Fourteen uniaxial joint compression tests were run to determine the normal and shear stiffnesses of type 1 fracture joints (healed joints filled with vapor-phase mineral deposits) obtained from the Yucca Mountain site. The uniaxial joint compression results show that these joints behave linearly up to over 85% of their loading history. They are stiff with strengths very close to the strength of the intact rock. Five direct shear tests were run on open, separated, joints. Results obtained from the direct shear testing show that the normal stiffness increases with increasing normal stress. Shearing through asperities gives high joint shear stiffness …

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Characterization Of Drawn And Undrawn Poly-L-Lactide Films By Differential Scanning Calorimetry, John F. Turner Ii, A. Riga, Anne O'Connor, Jing Zhang, Jennifer Collis Jan 2004

Characterization Of Drawn And Undrawn Poly-L-Lactide Films By Differential Scanning Calorimetry, John F. Turner Ii, A. Riga, Anne O'Connor, Jing Zhang, Jennifer Collis

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is an optically active, biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that has been widely investigated as an artificial cell scaffold material. In its most crystalline form, PLLA is highly anisotropic and is one of the most piezoelectric polymers known. Conversely, amorphous PLLA exhibits little, if any, piezoelectric behavior. Compression molded PLLA films can be endowed with varying amounts of crystalline character and piezoelectricity by uniaxially stretching the polymer in a hot air bath. Understanding the precise crystalline architecture of PLLA that results from tensile drawing is important for constructing cell scaffolds that have highly tailored biodegradation and cell guiding …

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Determination Of Crystalline Content Gradients In Cold-Drawn Poly-L-Lactic Acid Films By Dsc, Anne O'Connor, A. Riga, John F. Turner Ii Jan 2004

Determination Of Crystalline Content Gradients In Cold-Drawn Poly-L-Lactic Acid Films By Dsc, Anne O'Connor, A. Riga, John F. Turner Ii

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a semi-crystalline, optically active, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymer that has been utilized extensively in biomedical applications as an implantable artificial cell scaffold material. In its crystalline form, PLLA is piezoelectric and it has been implicated in the enhancement of electromechanically induced osteogenesis in vivo. In its amorphous state, however, PLLA does not exhibit piezoelectricity. By uniaxially cold-drawing the polymer, PLLA can be endowed with varying degrees of piezoelectricity. It is important to understand the crystalline architecture of drawn PLLA so that the osteogenic potential imparted by piezoelectricity, if any, can be differentiated from the effects of …

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A Summary Of The Findings Of The Coastal Training Market Analysis, Claudette Robey, Kevin O'Brien, Daniel Baracskay Jan 2004

A Summary Of The Findings Of The Coastal Training Market Analysis, Claudette Robey, Kevin O'Brien, Daniel Baracskay

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

The Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve (ANERR) is located in Franklin County on the Florida panhandle within the 19,600-square-mile Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint watershed. Spanning more than 246,000 acres, the Reserve includes areas of Franklin, Gulf, Calhoun, and Liberty counties. The Reserve received its designation in 1979, and is a federal/state partnership with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection.

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Bridge To The Future – What The Past Can Tell Us, S. T. Thornton Jan 2004

Bridge To The Future – What The Past Can Tell Us, S. T. Thornton

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

No abstract provided.

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Title Page, Editor's Note Jan 2004

Title Page, Editor's Note

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

No abstract provided.

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History Of A Problem Solving Course For Pre-Service K-8 Teachers, J. Fitzgerald Jan 2004

History Of A Problem Solving Course For Pre-Service K-8 Teachers, J. Fitzgerald

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

James Madison University's mathematics course in problem solving for prospective K-8 teachers has gone through many changes since we introduced it as a course for prospective middle school teachers four years ago. This paper will discuss the original design of the course, the changes made and their reasons, and the current state of the course.

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Investigations In Geometry— A Hands-On Course For Grades 6-8 Pre-Service Teachers, A. J. Ellington Jan 2004

Investigations In Geometry— A Hands-On Course For Grades 6-8 Pre-Service Teachers, A. J. Ellington

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

This paper describes a geometry course at Virginia Commonwealth University for pre-scrvicc middle school teachers that features hands-on activities, group collaboration, and technology. Details of the topics and activities covered in this course are provided. Feedback from the first group of students to complete the course was gathered throughout the semester and student responses to the class format and topics are also discussed.

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