Physical Sciences and Mathematics | Open Access Articles

Manifestation Of The Color Glass Condensate In Particle Production At Rhic, Kirill Tuchin

Kirill Tuchin

We discuss general properties of the Color Glass Condensate. We show that predictions for particle production in p(d)A and AA collisions derived from these properties are in agreement with data collected at RHIC.

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Photothermal Reshaping Of Prismatic Au Nanoparticles In Periodic Monolayer Arrays By Femtosecond Laser Pulses, Wenyu Huang, Wei Qian, Mostafa A. El-Sayed

Wenyu Huang

Prismatic goldnanoparticles in the periodic monolayer arrays prepared with nanosphere lithography technique can be reshaped with femtosecond laser pulses at different powers and wavelengths. As the power density of 400 nm femtosecond laser increases, the prismatic particle tips begin to round and the overall particle shape changes from a prism to a sphere with a tripodal intermediate. The formation of the tip-rounded nanoprisms is probably due to the dewetting properties of gold on quartz surface and the low melting temperature at the tips. The formation of the tripodal nanoparticles is attributed to the inhomogeneous heating and lattice rearrangement of the …

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The Optically Detected Coherent Lattice Oscillations In Silver And Gold Monolayer Periodic Nanoprism Arrays: The Effect Of Interparticle Coupling, Wenyu Huang, Wei Qian, Mostafa A. El-Sayed

Wenyu Huang

Using femtosecond transient spectroscopy, we studied the optically detected laser-induced coherent phonon oscillation of monolayers of periodic arrays of prismatic-shaped silver and gold nanoparticles, assembled by using the technique of nanosphere lithography. In this method, the same size of polystyrene sphere and the same vacuum conditions are used. Under these circumstances, the gold nanoprisms formed are found to have sharper tips than the corresponding silver nanoprisms. For both gold and silver nanoparticles, the surface plasmon absorption maximum is found to depend linearly on size. The coherent lattice oscillation periods are also found to depend linearly on size. However, although the …

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Development Of Chaos In The Color Glass Condensate, Kirill Tuchin

Kirill Tuchin

Noting that the number of gluons in the hadron wave function is discrete, and their formation in the chain of small x evolution occurs over discrete rapidity intervals of Dy ' 1/as, we formulate the discrete version of the Balitsky–Kovchegov evolution equation and show that its solution behaves chaotically in the phenomenologically interesting kinematic region.

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Open And Hidden Charm Production In Pa Collisions, Kirill Tuchin

Kirill Tuchin

We discuss the production of charmed mesons and J/Ψ in p(d)A collisions at high energies. We argue that when the saturation scale Qs characterizing the parton density in a nucleus exceeds the quark mass m, the naive perturbation theory breaks down. Consequently, we calculate the process of heavy quark production in both open and hidden channels in the framework of the parton saturation model (color glass condensate). We demonstrate that at RHIC such a description is in agreement with experimental data on charm production.

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Dislocation-Indenter Interaction In Nanoindentation, M. Ravi Shankar, Alexander H. King, Srinivasan Chandrasekar

Alexander H. King

A formulation of dislocation-indenter interaction in two-dimensional, isotropic elasticity is presented. A significant dislocation-indenter interaction is predicted when dislocations are nucleated very close to the indenter. This interaction is expected to have an important influence on dislocation motion and multiplication. Upon nucleation close to the indenter, the dislocations are shown to modify the load, load distribution, and moment acting on the indenter. This effect is seen to vary with the indentation contact length. Further away from the indenter, the indenter-dislocation interaction is shown to be negligible.

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Who Believes What? Clearing Up Confusion Over Intelligent Design And Young-Earth Creationism, Marcus R. Ross

Marcus R. Ross

The question of what differentiates young-Earth creationism (YEC) from Intelligent Design (ID) has resulted in inaccurate and confusing terminology, and hinders both understanding and dialogue. Though both YEC and ID groups have drawn distinctions between themselves, previous attempts to classify design-based positions on origins have been unable to adequately resolve their relationships. The Nested Hierarchy of Design, a multiple-character classification system, categorizes teleological positions according to the strength of claims regarding the reality, detectability, source, method, and timing of design, and results in an accurate and robust classification of numerous positions. This method avoids the philosophical and theological pitfalls of …

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2,2':6',2"-Terpyridine 1,1"-Dioxide Dihydrate, Kraig A. Wheeler, Scott E. Mckay, Robert W. Lashlee Iii

Kraig A. Wheeler

No abstract provided.

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Stationary States And Energy Cascades In Inelastic Gases, E. Ben-Naim, Jonathan Machta

Jonathan Machta

We find a general class of nontrivial stationary states in inelastic gases where, due to dissipation, energy is transferred from large velocity scales to small velocity scales. These steady states exist for arbitrary collision rules and arbitrary dimension. Their signature is a stationary velocity distribution f(v) with an algebraic high-energy tail, f(v)∼v−σ. The exponent σ is obtained analytically and it varies continuously with the spatial dimension, the homogeneity index characterizing the collision rate, and the restitution coefficient. We observe these stationary states in numerical simulations in which energy is injected into the system by infrequently boosting particles to high velocities. …

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Characterizing The Landscape Dynamics Of An Invasive Plant And Risk Of Invasion Using Remote Sensing, Bethany Bradley, J. F. Mustard

Bethany Bradley

Improved understanding of the spatial dynamics of invasive plant species may lead to more effective land management and reduced future invasion. Here, we identified the spatial extents of nonnative cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in the north central Great Basin using remotely sensed data from Landsat MSS, TM, and ETM+. We compared cheatgrass extents in 1973 and 2001 to six spatially explicit landscape variables: elevation, aspect, hydrographic channels, cultivation, roads, and power lines. In 2001, Cheatgrass was 10% more likely to be found in elevation ranges from 1400 to 1700 m (although the data suggest a preferential invasion into lower elevations by …

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Stable Isotopes In East African Precipitation Record Indian Ocean Zonal Mode, M. Vuille, M. Werner, Raymond S. Bradley, R. Y. Chan, F. Keimig

Raymond S Bradley

Observational stable isotope data and model simulations show that the δ18O composition of precipitation in East Africa is closely related to the coupled ocean-atmosphere system over the Indian Ocean. During the rainy seasons δ18O is a very sensitive recorder of the Indian Ocean Zonal Mode (IOZM). The link between δ18O and the IOZM is established through adjustments in the large-scale overturning circulation over the Indian Ocean and associated changes in convective activity and precipitation over East Africa. The IOZM is recorded as significant departures in δ18O not only over East Africa but as a dipole mode with opposite sign to …

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Multidecadal North Atlantic Climate Variability And Its Effect On North American Salmon Abundance, A. Condron, R. Deconto, Raymond S. Bradley, F. Juanes

Raymond S Bradley

Climate variability is now known to play a key role in the abundance of marine fisheries, and must be accounted for to implement sustainable management strategies. We show that North American Atlantic salmon abundance has fluctuated in parallel with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO); a basin-wide, low frequency climate mode producing cold-warm-cold sea surface temperatures over the last century. During the AMO warm (cool) phase salmon abundance is lower (higher). Changes in sea surface temperature associated with the AMO are most pronounced in the winter season near the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, a known overwintering area for salmon and an …

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Parallel Dynamics And Computational Complexity Of Network Growth Models, Benjamin Machta, Jonathan Machta

Jonathan Machta

The parallel computational complexity or depth of growing network models is investigated. The networks considered are generated by preferential attachment rules where the probability of attaching a new node to an existing node is given by a power α of the connectivity of the existing node. Algorithms for generating growing networks very quickly in parallel are described and studied. The sublinear and superlinear cases require distinct algorithms. As a result, there is a discontinuous transition in the parallel complexity of sampling these networks corresponding to the discontinuous structural transition at α=1, where the networks become scale-free. For α>1, networks …

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Power-Law Velocity Distributions In Granular Gases, E. Ben-Naim, B. Machta, Jonathan Machta

Jonathan Machta

The kinetic theory of granular gases is studied for spatially homogeneous systems. At large velocities, the equation governing the velocity distribution becomes linear, and it admits stationary solutions with a power-law tail, f(v)∼v−σ. This behavior holds in arbitrary dimension for arbitrary collision rates including both hard spheres and Maxwell molecules. Numerical simulations show that driven steady states with the same power-law tail can be realized by injecting energy into the system at very high energies. In one dimension, we also obtain self-similar time-dependent solutions where the velocities collapse to zero. At small velocities there is a steady state and a …

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Precision Measurement Of The Weak Mixing Angle In Moller Scattering, P. L. Anthony, R. G. Arnold, C. Arroyo, K. Bega, J. Biesiada, P. E. Bosted, G. Bower, J. Cahoon, R. Carr, G. D. Cates, J. P. Chen, E. Chudakov, M. Cooke, P. Decowski, A. Deur, W. Emam, R. Erickson, T. Fieguth, C. Field, J. Gao, M. Gary, K. Gustafsson, R. S. Hicks, R. Holmes, E. W. Hughes, T. B. Humensky, G. M. Jones, L. J. Kaufman, L. Keller, Yu G. Kolomensky, Krishna Kumar, P. Laviolette, D. Lhuillier, R. M. Lombard-Nelsen, Z. Marshall, P. Mastromarino, R. D. Mckeown, R. Michaels, J. Niedziela, M. Olson, K. D. Pashke, G. A. Peterson, R. Pitthan, D. Relyea, S. E. Rock, O. Saxton, J. Singh, P. A. Souder, Z. M. Szalata, J. Turner, B. Tweedie, A. Vacharet, D. Walz, T. Weber, J. Weisend, M. Woods, I. Younus

Krishna Kumar

We report on a precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in fixed target electron-electron (Møller) scattering: APV=[−131±14(stat)±10(syst)]×10−9, leading to the determination of the weak mixing angle sin2θeffW=0.2397±0.0010(stat)±0.0008(syst), evaluated at Q2=0.026 GeV2. Combining this result with the measurements of sin2θeffW at the Z0 pole, the running of the weak mixing angle is observed with over 6σ significance. The measurement sets constraints on new physics effects at the TeV scale.

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The Average Shape Of Transport-Limited Aggregates, Benny Davidovitch, Jachyuk Choi, Martin Z. Bazant

Benny Davidovitch

We study the relation between stochastic and continuous transport-limited growth models, which generalize conformal-mapping formulations of diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) and viscous fingering, respectively. We derive a nonlinear integro-differential equation for the asymptotic shape (average conformal map) of stochastic aggregates, whose mean-field approximation is the corresponding continuous equation, where the interface moves at its local expected velocity. Our equation accurately describes advection-diffusion-limited aggregation (ADLA), and, due to nonlinear averaging over fluctuations, the average ADLA cluster is similar, but not identical, to an exact solution of the mean-field dynamics. Similar results should apply to all models in our class, thus explaining the …

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Pore Formation In Fluctuating Membranes, Oded Farago, Christian Santangelo

Christian Santangelo

We study the nucleation of a single pore in a fluctuating lipid membrane, specifically taking into account the membrane fluctuations, as well as the shape fluctuations of the pore. For large enough pores, the nucleationfree energy is well-described by shifts in the effective membrane surface tension and the pore line tension. Using our framework, we derive the stability criteria for the various pore formation regimes. In addition to the well-known large-tension regime from the classical nucleation theory of pores, we also find a low-tension regime in which the effective line and surface tensions can change sign from their bare values. …

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Conformal Structures And Necksizes Of Embedded Constant Mean Curvature Surfaces, Robert Kusner

Robert Kusner

Let M = M_{g,k} denote the space of properly (Alexandrov) embedded constant mean curvature (CMC) surfaces of genus g with k (labeled) ends, modulo rigid motions, endowed with the real analytic structure described in [kmp]. Let P=Pg,k=rg,k×Rk+ be the space of parabolic structures over Riemann surfaces of genus g with k (marked) punctures, the real analytic structure coming from the 3g-3+k local complex analytic coordinates on the Riemann moduli space r_{g,k}. Then the parabolic classifying map, Phi: M --> P, which assigns to a CMC surface its induced conformal structure and asymptotic necksizes, is a proper, real analytic map. It …

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Large Deviations In Quantum Lattice Systems: One-Phase Region, M Lenci, L Rey-Bellet

Luc Rey-Bellet

We give large deviation upper bounds, and discuss lower bounds, for the Gibbs-KMS state of a system of quantum spins or an interacting Fermi gas on the lattice. We cover general interactions and general observables, both in the high temperature regime and in dimension one.

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Stark-Modulation Spectroscopy Of The B(1)[Π3] State Of Pbo, David Kawall, Y. V. Gurevich, C. Cheung, S. Bickman, Y. Jiang, D. Demille

David Kawall

We report detailed spectroscopic measurements of the X(0)[Σ+1](v=0)→B(1)[Π3](v=5) transition in PbO. Using a Stark-modulated laser absorption technique, we have measured the hyperfine constant of Pb207O in the B(1) state, as well as the B(1)(v=5) rotational constant, X−B isotope shifts, etc. The hyperfine constant of the B(1) state is of interest as a benchmark for calculations of PbO electronic structure related to experiments to search for the electric dipole moment of the electron.

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Ground States And Thermal States Of The Random Field Ising Model, Yong Wu, Jonathan Machta

Jonathan Machta

The random field Ising model is studied numerically at both zero and positive temperature. Ground states are mapped out in a region of random field and external field strength. Thermal states and thermodynamic properties are obtained for all temperatures using the Wang-Landau algorithm. The specific heat and susceptibility typically display sharp peaks in the critical region for large systems and strong disorder. These sharp peaks result from large domains flipping. For a given realization of disorder, ground states and thermal states near the critical line are found to be strongly correlated—a concrete manifestation of the zero temperature fixed point scenario.

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Spreading Of Thin Films Assisted By Thermal Fluctuations, Benny Davidovitch, Esteban Moro, Howard A. Stone

Benny Davidovitch

We study the spreading of viscous drops on a solid substrate, taking into account the effects of thermal fluctuations in the fluid momentum. A nonlinear stochastic lubrication equation is derived, and studied using numerical simulations and scaling analysis. We show that asymptoically spreading drops admit self-similar shapes, whose average radii can increase at rates much faster than these predicted by Tanner's law. We discuss the physical realizablility of our results for thin molecular and complex fluid films, and predict that such phenomenon can in principal be observed in various flow geometries.

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Hans Ris (1914-2004). Genophore, Chromosomes And The Bacterial Origin Of Chloroplasts, Lynn Margulis

Lynn Margulis (1938 - 2011)

No abstract provided.

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Balance In Generalized Tate Cohomology, Alina Iacob

Alina Iacob

No abstract provided.

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Balance In Generalized Tate Cohomology, Alina Iacob

Alina Iacob

We consider two preenveloping classes of left R-modules ℐ, ℰ such that Inj ⊂ ℐ ⊂ ℰ, and a left R-module N. For any left R-module M and n ≥ 1 we define the relative extension modules (M, N) and prove the existence of an exact sequence connecting these modules and the modules (M, N) and (M, N). We show that there is a long exact sequence of (M, −) associated with a Hom(−, ℰ) exact sequence 0 → N′ → N → N′′ → 0 and a long exact sequence of (−, N) associated with a Hom(−, ℰ) exact …

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Chaos In The Color Glass Condensate, Dmitri Kharzeev, Kirill Tuchin

Kirill Tuchin

The number of gluons in the hadron wave function is discrete, and their formation in the chain of small x evolution occurs over discrete rapidity intervals of Î”yâ‰ƒ1/Î±s. We therefore consider the evolution as a discrete quantum process. We show that the discrete version of the mean-field Kovchegov evolution equation gives rise to strong fluctuations in the scattering amplitude, not present in the continuous equation. We find that if the linear evolution is as fast as predicted by the perturbative BFKL dynamics, the scattering amplitude at high energies exhibits a chaotic behavior. As a consequence, the properties of diffraction at …

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“Sediment Evacuation And Glacial Erosion Rates At A Small Alpine Glacier.”, Kelly R. Macgregor, C.A. Riihimaki, R.S. Anderson, S.P. Anderson, M.G. Loso

Kelly R. MacGregor

No abstract provided.

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The Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions Of Nearby Galaxies, D. A. Dale, G. J. Bendo, C. W. Engelbracht, K. D. Gordon, M. W. Regan, L. Armus, John M. Cannon, D. Calzetti, B. T. Draine, G. Helou, R. D. Joseph, R. C. Kennicutt, A. Li, E. J. Murphy, H. Roussel, F. Walter, H. M. Hanson, D. J. Hollenbach, T. H. Jarrett, L. J. Kewley, C. A. Lamanna, C. Leitherer, M. Meyer, G. H. Rieke, M. J. Rieke, K. Sheth, J.D. T. Smith, M. D. Thornley

John Cannon

No abstract provided.

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Probing The Multiphase Interstellar Medium Of The Dwarf Starbust Galaxy Ngc 625 With Fuse Spectroscopy, John M. Cannon, E. D. Skillman, K. R. Sembach, D. J. Bomans

John Cannon

No abstract provided.

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The Nature Of Radio Continuum Emission At Very Low Metallicity: Vla Observations Of I Zw 18, John M. Cannon, E. D. Skillman, L. Van Zee, F. Walter

John Cannon

No abstract provided.

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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Manifestation Of The Color Glass Condensate In Particle Production At Rhic, Kirill Tuchin

Kirill Tuchin

Photothermal Reshaping Of Prismatic Au Nanoparticles In Periodic Monolayer Arrays By Femtosecond Laser Pulses, Wenyu Huang, Wei Qian, Mostafa A. El-Sayed

Wenyu Huang

The Optically Detected Coherent Lattice Oscillations In Silver And Gold Monolayer Periodic Nanoprism Arrays: The Effect Of Interparticle Coupling, Wenyu Huang, Wei Qian, Mostafa A. El-Sayed

Wenyu Huang

Development Of Chaos In The Color Glass Condensate, Kirill Tuchin

Kirill Tuchin

Open And Hidden Charm Production In Pa Collisions, Kirill Tuchin

Kirill Tuchin

Dislocation-Indenter Interaction In Nanoindentation, M. Ravi Shankar, Alexander H. King, Srinivasan Chandrasekar

Alexander H. King

Who Believes What? Clearing Up Confusion Over Intelligent Design And Young-Earth Creationism, Marcus R. Ross

Marcus R. Ross

2,2':6',2"-Terpyridine 1,1"-Dioxide Dihydrate, Kraig A. Wheeler, Scott E. Mckay, Robert W. Lashlee Iii

Kraig A. Wheeler

Stationary States And Energy Cascades In Inelastic Gases, E. Ben-Naim, Jonathan Machta

Jonathan Machta

Characterizing The Landscape Dynamics Of An Invasive Plant And Risk Of Invasion Using Remote Sensing, Bethany Bradley, J. F. Mustard

Bethany Bradley

Stable Isotopes In East African Precipitation Record Indian Ocean Zonal Mode, M. Vuille, M. Werner, Raymond S. Bradley, R. Y. Chan, F. Keimig

Raymond S Bradley

Multidecadal North Atlantic Climate Variability And Its Effect On North American Salmon Abundance, A. Condron, R. Deconto, Raymond S. Bradley, F. Juanes

Raymond S Bradley

Parallel Dynamics And Computational Complexity Of Network Growth Models, Benjamin Machta, Jonathan Machta

Jonathan Machta

Power-Law Velocity Distributions In Granular Gases, E. Ben-Naim, B. Machta, Jonathan Machta

Jonathan Machta

Krishna Kumar

The Average Shape Of Transport-Limited Aggregates, Benny Davidovitch, Jachyuk Choi, Martin Z. Bazant

Benny Davidovitch

Pore Formation In Fluctuating Membranes, Oded Farago, Christian Santangelo

Christian Santangelo

Conformal Structures And Necksizes Of Embedded Constant Mean Curvature Surfaces, Robert Kusner

Robert Kusner

Large Deviations In Quantum Lattice Systems: One-Phase Region, M Lenci, L Rey-Bellet

Luc Rey-Bellet

Stark-Modulation Spectroscopy Of The B(1)[Π3] State Of Pbo, David Kawall, Y. V. Gurevich, C. Cheung, S. Bickman, Y. Jiang, D. Demille

David Kawall

Ground States And Thermal States Of The Random Field Ising Model, Yong Wu, Jonathan Machta

Jonathan Machta

Spreading Of Thin Films Assisted By Thermal Fluctuations, Benny Davidovitch, Esteban Moro, Howard A. Stone

Benny Davidovitch

Hans Ris (1914-2004). Genophore, Chromosomes And The Bacterial Origin Of Chloroplasts, Lynn Margulis

Lynn Margulis (1938 - 2011)

Balance In Generalized Tate Cohomology, Alina Iacob

Alina Iacob

Balance In Generalized Tate Cohomology, Alina Iacob

Alina Iacob

Chaos In The Color Glass Condensate, Dmitri Kharzeev, Kirill Tuchin

Kirill Tuchin

“Sediment Evacuation And Glacial Erosion Rates At A Small Alpine Glacier.”, Kelly R. Macgregor, C.A. Riihimaki, R.S. Anderson, S.P. Anderson, M.G. Loso

Kelly R. MacGregor

John Cannon

Probing The Multiphase Interstellar Medium Of The Dwarf Starbust Galaxy Ngc 625 With Fuse Spectroscopy, John M. Cannon, E. D. Skillman, K. R. Sembach, D. J. Bomans

John Cannon

The Nature Of Radio Continuum Emission At Very Low Metallicity: Vla Observations Of I Zw 18, John M. Cannon, E. D. Skillman, L. Van Zee, F. Walter

John Cannon