Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Modeling E & F Region Ionospheric Response To X-Ray Solar Flares, Annette M. Parsons

Theses and Dissertations

This research takes an existing ionospheric model and modifies it to include the effects of solar flare activity. Solar flares are a localized explosive release of magnetic energy that appears as a sudden, short-lived brightening in the sun’s chromosphere. This additional energy is deposited in the earth’s ionosphere, temporarily changing its properties, which can affect military communications. Studying the effects of moderate solar flares will improve our understanding of the ionosphere’s response, leading to better operational models. Modification of the model is accomplished by adding a flare irradiance model to represent solar irradiance changes due to a flare. The irradiance …

Reproducibility Distinguishability And Correlation Of Fireball And Shockwave Dynamics In Explosive Munitions Detonations, Bryan J. Steward

Theses and Dissertations

The classification of battlespace detonations, specifically the determination of munitions type and size using temporal and spectral features of infrared emissions, is a particularly challenging problem. The intense infrared radiation produced by the detonation of high explosives is largely unstudied. Furthermore, the time-varying fireball imagery and spectra are driven by many factors including the type, size and age of the chemical explosive, method of detonation, interaction with the environment, and the casing used to enclose the explosive. To distinguish between conventional military munitions and improvised or enhanced explosives, the current study investigates fireball expansion dynamics using high speed, multi-band imagery. …

Development Of A Multiple Beam Combiner Using Stimulated Raman Scattering In Multimode Fiber, Brian M. Flusche

Theses and Dissertations

Beam combination was demonstrated by splitting the beam from a diode pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and pumping a multiple input, single output fiber squid. Beam cleanup of the resulting output beam using stimulated Raman scattering was then demonstrated in both 100 μm fiber (Stokes M² = 1.86) and 200 μm fiber (Stokes M² = 1.40). The performance of the 200 μm fiber was compared to that of the 100 μm fiber. Energy conversion efficiency into the Stokes beam was measured as a function of input energy and found to be limited by the attenuation characteristics of the fiber. …

Passive Multiple Beam Combination In Optical Fibers Via Stimulated Brillouin Scattering, Kirk C. Brown

Theses and Dissertations

Many active methods of scaling laser brightness have been demonstrated in recent years. The goal of this research was to demonstrate the feasibility of passively combining multiple laser beams using Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) in a long multimode optical fiber. This method of combination employed a “Gatling gun” fiber array that allowed several collimated beams to be focused by a lens into an optical fiber. The retroreflected Stokes beam is passed through the center of the beam combiner for analysis. In addition to experimental methodology and equipment used, the theoretical and historical background of SBS in optical fibers is provided. …

Singlet Delta Oxygen: A Quantitative Analysis Using Off-Axis Integrated-Cavity-Output-Spectroscopy (Icos), Jeffrey E. Gallagher

Theses and Dissertations

A new spectroscopic technique applicable to the detection of ultra-weak and for- bidden molecular transitions is presented. The method is based on off-axis integrated-cavity-output spectroscopy (ICOS). The primary goal for this research effort is to utilize the ICOS technique and demonstrate its ability to provide quantitative data of singlet delta oxygen. This thesis will focus on three areas of characterization to achieve this goal. First, the absolute line positions will be determined and compared to values derived from the most recent theory. Second, the integrated absorption cross-sections will be verified using Boltzmann analysis. Finally, pressure broadening coefficients will be determined …

Prediction Of Flight-Level Radiation Hazards Due To Solar Energetic Protons, Matthew P. Sattler

Theses and Dissertations

The radiation environment at aircraft altitudes is caused primarily by high-energy particles originating from outside the near-earth environment. These particles generally come from outside our solar system and are called galactic cosmic rays. Occasionally however, a transient solar event will also accelerate energetic protons toward the earth. If these protons reach the upper atmosphere, they produce secondary particles via collisions, resulting in increased radiation levels in the atmosphere. Air crews and electronic systems flying at high altitudes during one of these events are subjected to these increased levels of radiation which can result in health problems for personnel and soft …

Scouting Ecommerce: Electronic Tracking For Girl Scouts, Melissa Roetker

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

Girl Scout Troop #343 relies on parent volunteers to keep the troop functioning. The troop leaders would like to reduce time spent on paperwork, in order to allow volunteers to focus on time spent with the girls. Other than meetings, the most time consuming activity for volunteers is the manual tracking of paperwork. This includes financial paperwork, badge and activity status, personal data, and other such information. Troops are on their own to find a method for maintaining records, without local or national support. Currently, Troop #343 has moved the finances to an electronic format, which has left the badge …

Perspective Models As A Means For Achieving True Representational Accuracy, Kym Jason Pohl

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

Accurate and expressive representation of the subject matter over which a context-oriented, decision-support system operates is fundamental to the effectiveness and longevity of the resulting solution. Often taking the form of an ontology, such extensive representational models, by their very nature, are rich in both relationships and fine-grained objects. It is, however, these two strengths that can significantly increase complexity for its users in addition to adversely affecting system performance. Further, due to the multitude of compartmentalized facets (i.e., populations of distinct, reasoning agents) inherent in such software solutions, it is important to recognize that a single-minded omniscient set of …

Validation Of Methods To Measure Mass Flux Of A Groundwater Contaminant, Hyouk Yoon

Theses and Dissertations

In this study, flux measurements obtained using two methods are compared with known mass fluxes in a meso-scale three-dimensional artificial aquifer. One method, the tandem recirculating well (TRW) method, is applied using two different techniques. One technique is simple and inexpensive, only requiring measurement of heads, while the second technique requires conducting a tracer test. The second method, the integrated pump test (IPT) method, requires use of one or more pumping and observation wells in various configurations. The results of the experiments in the artificial aquifer show that the most expensive technique, the TRW method using tracers, provides the most …

Evidence For The Exclusive Decay BC± → J/Ψπ± And Measurement Of The Mass Of The BC± Meson, A. Abulencia, Kenneth A. Bloom, Cdf Collaboration

Kenneth Bloom Publications

We report the first evidence for a fully reconstructed decay mode of the B_c^± meson in the channel B_c^± → J/ψπ^±, with J/ψ → μ⁺ μ^-. The analysis is based on an integrated luminosity of 360 pb^-1 in pp̅ collisions at 1.96 TeV center of mass energy collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We observe 14.6 ± 4.6 signal events with a background of 7.1 ± 0.9 events, and a fit to the J/ ψπ^± mass spectrum yields a B_c^± mass of 6285.7 …

Public Lands, Public Lands Institute

Presentations (PLI)

The Public Lands Institute is fully engaged in strengthening the national fabric that is essential for the protection, conservation, and management of public lands.

Experimental Demonstration Of High Two-Photon Time-Energy Entanglement, Irfan Ali Khan, John C. Howell

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We report on the experimental demonstration of high energy-time entanglement in two-photon states created in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We show that the classical variance product, which we violate by three orders of magnitude, actually represents a lower bound estimate of the number of information eigenmodes K. Explicit measurements estimate K to be greater than 100, with theoretical estimates predicting a value of as high as 1×10⁶. These results provide incentive for the practical feasibility of large bandwidth quantum information processing, particularly in cryptography over large distances.

Efficacy Of Sunflower Decoy Plots For Blackbird Control And Supplemental Stopover Habitat, Heath M. Hagy, John Raetzman, George M. Linz, William J. Bleier

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Wildlife Conservation Sunflower Plots (WCSP) were planted and monitored during a two-year trial/research program to monitor the effect of decoy plots on blackbird use of nearby commercial sunflower and abundance of non-blackbird migratory species within the plots. In the two year evaluation period, in excess of 975 hours were spent by three researchers in the plots monitoring damage, vegetation, and avian use. We used bird numbers, vegetation characteristics, and landuse landscape variables to assess the optimal habitat conditions in and around each decoy plot for luring blackbirds and providing adequate stopover habitat for non-blackbird migrants. In 2004, wetland and shelterbelt …

Search For Second-Generation Scalar Leptoquarks In Pp̅ Collisions At √S = 1:96 Tev, A. Abulencia, Kenneth A. Bloom, Cdf Collaboration

Kenneth Bloom Publications

Results on a search for pair production of second-generation scalar leptoquark in pp̅ collisions at √s =1:96 TeV are reported. The data analyzed were collected by the CDF detector during the 2002–2003 Tevatron Run II and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 198 pb^-1. Leptoquarks (LQ) are sought through their decay into (charged) leptons and quarks, with final state signatures represented by two muons and jets and one muon, large transverse missing energy and jets. We observe no evidence for LQ production and derive 95% C.L. upper limits on the LQ production cross sections as well as lower …

Search For Higgs Bosons Decaying To Bb̅ And Produced In Association With W Bosons In Pp̅ Collisions At √S = 1:96 Tev, A. Abulencia, Kenneth A. Bloom, Cdf Collaboration

Kenneth Bloom Publications

We present a search for Higgs bosons decaying into bb̅ and produced in association with W bosons in pp̅ collisions at √s = 1.96 TeV. This search uses 320 pb^-1 of the data set accumulated by the upgraded Collider Detector at Fermilab. Events are selected that have a high-transverse momentum electron or muon, missing transverse energy, and two jets, at least one of which is consistent with the hadronization of a b quark. Both the number of events and the dijet mass distribution are consistent with standard model background expectations, and we set 95% confidence level upper limits on …

Gender And Educational And Occupational Choices, Jacquelynne Sue Eccles

STEM for Success Resources

Why Do Women and Men Make Such Different Choices for Their Lives? In most cultures, women and men are concentrated in quite different occupations and roles. Why? This presentation goal is to provide one perspective on this quite complex question – a perspective grounded in Expectancy –Value Models of Achievement-related Choices

Poster Session, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Limestone-Based Material for Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water, Chelsea Campbell and others, Dept of Chemistry, WKU
• Opportunistic Water Education, Amanda Abnee Gumbert, Extension Associate for Environmental and Natural Resources Issues, UK
• Ten-Year Solute Concentration Patterns in Two Streams of Contrasting Land-Use in Western Kentucky and Tennessee, Susan P. Hendricks, Hancock Biological Station, Murray State University
• Pathogen TMDL Development using Load Duration Curves for Two Stream Segments in Rockcastle County, Kentucky, Joseph M. Ferguson, Kentucky DOW
• Beargrass Creek Water Quality Tool and TMDLs, Ward Wilson and others, Tetra Tech
• Pathogen and Sediment Transport in Muddy Creek …

Session 2d: Modeling, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Simplification of Access to Hydrologic Data for Kentucky through an Online, Interactive GIS Tool, K. R. Odom and M. A. Ayers, USGS, Louisville
• The Kentucky Watershed Modeling Information Portal’s User Needs Assessment, Data Matrix and Use Case, K. L. Schaffer, K. R. Odom, and others, FMSM and USGS
• A Comparison of Manually and DEM Delineated Watersheds, Andrew Kellie, Jane Benson, and Mike Kemp, Dept of Industrial and Engineering Technology, Murray State University
• Of Farm Ponds and Sinkholes: Automated Feature Extraction from Kentucky’s NAIP Imagery, Demetrio Zourarakis, Kentucky Division of Geographic Information

Session 2c: Planning, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• US EPA’s New Guidance on Watershed-Based Plans for Restoration and Protection, Barry Tonning, Tetra Tech, Mount Sterling, KY
• Louisville Water Company – Wellhead Protection Plan, Marsha L. Taylor Meyer, Louisville Water Company
• Lessons Learned Reforesting the Bluegrass, H. David Gabbard, LFUCG, Lexington, KY
• Low-Flow Characteristics of Streams in Kentucky, G.R. Martin, D.W. Evans, and K.R. Odom, USGS, Louisville

Session 2b: Sediments, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• The New Contractor EPSC Certification Program Developed by the City of Bowling Green Kentucky: Educating and Involving Contractors in NPDES Phase II Compliance, Jeff Lashlee, City of Bowling Green, Beth Chesson, CEC, Inc., and April Barker, AMEC Earth and Environmental, Nashville, TN
• Kentucky Best Management Practices for Controlling Erosion, Sediment, and Pollutant Runoff from Construction Sites: Planning and Technical Specifications Manual, Richard Walker and Barry Tonning, Tetra Tech, Lexington
• Sediment Monitoring Efforts in the Upper Green River Basin in Support of the Kentucky Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program, S.T. Kenworthy, Dept of Geography and Geology, WKU
• Land-Use Fingerprinting …

Session 2a: Nonpoint Source, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Little River Watershed Delineation and “Misbehaved” Karst Drainage, J.A. Ray and R.J. Blair, Kentucky Division of Water
• Comprehensive Commonwealth Water Education Project, David Howarth, Keith Mountain, and Kristen Dunaway, Dept of Geography and Geosciences, U of L
• Assessment of Water Quality Trends in the Upper Cumberland River Basin: Focus on Pathogen Impairment, Lindell Ormsbee and Ramesh Teegavarapu, KWRRI, UK
• Watershed & Land Use Planning: A BMP Technology Transfer Project (A Case Study of the Dry Run Watershed Basin), Rachel Phillips, Brad Frazier, and Sandy Camargo, Georgetown/Scott County Planning Commission

Session 1d: Monitoring, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• An Examination of Statewide Watershed Watch Project Monitoring Data for 2005 Using GIS, Ken Cooke, Kentucky Division of Water, Frankfort
• Taking Watershed Watch to the Next Level: Grabbing the Attention of Local Elected Officials, Ken Cooke, Kentucky Division of Water, H. David Gabbard, LFUCG, Lexington
• Water Quality Data from Citizen Monitoring in the Licking River Region Kentucky 1998-2005: Trends and Issues, M.F. Hult, Daniel Carter Beard Environmental Center, and B.C. Reeder, Center for Environmental Education, Morehead State University
• Water Quality in the Upper Licking River Basin 2003-2005, Brian Reeder and others, Dept of Biological and Environmental …

Session 1c: Superfund, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• The University of Kentucky Superfund Basic Research Program: Overview and Examples of Research Projects, Bernhard Hennig, Leonidas Bachas, and Lindell Ormsbee, UK
• Reductive Dechlorination of Toxic Organics by Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Polyacrylic Acid (PAA) Functionalized MF Membranes, Jian Xu and Dibakar Bhattacharyya, Dept Chemical and Materials Engineering, UK
• Chlorinated Organic Compounds Destruction by Modified Fenton Reaction Involving Immobilized Iron-Chelate, YongChao Li, Leonidas Bachas, and Dibakar Bhattacharyya, Dept Chemical and Materials Engineering, UK
• An Outreach Program Translates Basic Research for Superfund Communities to Improve Health through Nutrition, Lisa Gaetke and Sandra Bastin, Dept Nutrition and Food Science, …

Session 1b: Groundwater, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• A Brief History and Current State of Groundwater Protection in Kentucky, James Webb, Beverly Oliver, and Peter Goodmann, Kentucky DOW, Groundwater Branch
• Summary of Groundwater Quality Data in the Jackson Purchase Region, Kentucky, E.G. Beck, J.S. Dinger, and P.C. Inkenbrandt, KGS
• Groundwater-Quality Assessment and Shallow Aquifer Model of Calloway County, Kentucky, P.C. Inkenbrandt, E.G. Beck, and J.S. Dinger, KGS
• Suspended Sediment and Pathogen Transport in Two Inner Bluegrass Karst Ground-Water Basins, A.E. Fryar and others, Dept Earth and Environmental Sciences, UK
• Locating and Mapping Domestic Water Wells in Marshall County, Kentucky, Wendy D. Langhi, Western …

Session 1a: Water Quality, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Use of Sunfish and Stoneroller Minnows as Sentinel Monitors of PCB Contamination in Freshwater Streams in Kentucky, D.J. Price and W.J. Birge, Dept of Biology, UK
• Inferring Causes of Biological Impairment in Appalachian Streams: Watershed-Based Problem Formulation and Integration of Multiple Lines of Evidence, Jon Ludwig and others, Tetra Tech
• Relative Importance of Water and Dietary Cadmium: Toxicity to Ceriodaphnia Dubia, Agus Sofyan and W.J. Birge, Dept of Biology, UK
• The Graywater Story at Curtis Pike, Jack Kieffer and others, Appalachia - Science in the Public Interest, Mt. Vernon

Proceedings Of 2006 Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

This symposium was funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, with Clean Water Act, Section 319(h) grant money through the Kentucky Division of Water and the Kentucky Waterways Alliance, #C9994861-00.

Planning for this conference was conducted as part of the state water resources research annual program with the support and collaboration of the Department of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Kentucky Research Foundation, under Grant Agreement No. 01HQGR0133.

The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the abstract authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed …

2^K Factorials In Blocks Of Size 2, With Application To Two-Color Microarray Experiments, Kathleen F. Kerr

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

When a two-level design must be run in blocks of size two, there is a unique blocking scheme that enables estimation of all the main effects. Unfortunately this design does not enable estimation of any two-factor interactions. When the experimental goal is to estimate all main effects and two-factor interactions, it is necessary to combine replicates of the experiment that use different blocking schemes. In this paper we identify such designs for up to eight factors that enable estimation of all main effects and two-factor interactions with the fewest number of replications. In addition, we give a construction for general …

A Formal [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement Route To Quaternary Α-Vinyl Amino Acids: Use Of Allylic N-Pmp Trifluoroacetimidates, David B. Berkowitz, Bin Wu, Huijie Li

David Berkowitz Publications

Pd(II)-mediated rearrangement of allylic N-PMP (p-methoxyphenyl) trifluoroacetimidates provides the first formal sigmatropic route to quaternary, α-vinylic amino acids, potential suicide substrates for PLP-enzymes. The amino acid side chains enter via transition metal-mediated C-C bond constructions, including (i) Cu(I)-mediated conjugate addition (Ala); (ii) Pd(0)/AsPh₃-mediated Stille coupling (Allyl-Gly, Phe, DOPA, m-Tyr) and (iii) Pd(0)/Pt-Bu₃-mediated Negishi coupling (Leu). In the synthesis of the DOPA decarboxylase inactivator, α-vinyl-m-tyrosine, the new N-PMP trifluoroacetimidate rearranges much more efficiently than the corresponding trichloroacetimidate.

Measurement Of Mass And Width Of The Excited Charmed Meson States D10 And D2*0 At Cdf, A. Abulencia, Kenneth A. Bloom, Cdf Collaboration

Kenneth Bloom Publications

We report on precision measurements of the masses and widths of the narrow, orbitally excited states D₁⁰ and D₂^*0 using the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Both states (collectively called D^**) are reconstructed in the decay channel D^** → D^*+ π^-. The D₂^*0 is also reconstructed in the D^** → D⁺ π^- channel. Using a data set with an integrated luminosity of 210 pb^-1, the measured masses and widths for the D₁⁰ are 2421.7 ± 0.7 ± 0.6 MeV/ …

Formal Mitigation Strategies For The Insider Threat: A Security Model And Risk Analysis Framework, Jonathan W. Butts

Theses and Dissertations

The advancement of technology and reliance on information systems have fostered an environment of sharing and trust. The rapid growth and dependence on these systems, however, creates an increased risk associated with the insider threat. The insider threat is one of the most challenging problems facing the security of information systems because the insider already has capabilities within the system. Despite research efforts to prevent and detect insiders, organizations remain susceptible to this threat because of inadequate security policies and a willingness of some individuals to betray their organization. To investigate these issues, a formal security model and risk analysis …