Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Purified Water: A Closer Look At Bottled Waters And Their Claims, Henry Piñango

Capstone Research Projects

The claims made by three bottled water manufacturers were checked through a series of tests. CHA ™ (by Abundant Life CHA ™ Water Company in Chattanooga, TN), Penta ® (by Bio-hydration Research Lab, Inc.), and Mountain Fresh superoxygenated water (Collegedale, TN) were the subject of this study. Three tests were done on these samples: pH level, dissolved oxygen, and osmosis rate test. The pH level test confirmed the claim that CHA ™ water is alkaline (pH = 9.6); the other samples tested had pH levels ranging from 6.5 to 7.6. The dissolved oxygen test compared the oxygen concentration of several …

Variational Symmetries And Conservation Laws In Linearized Gravity, Balraj Menon

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The methods of symmetry group analysis are applied to the action functional of linearized gravity to derive necessary conditions for the existence of variational symmetries. Two classes of variational symmetries of linearized gravity are discussed, and the local conservation laws associated with these variational symmetries are presented by applying Noether's theorem

Perkin Reaction: Rapid And Efficient Process Optimization Through A Microwave/Design Of Experiments Couple, R. David Pace, Laura Mcwilliams

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Microwave chemistry and a Design of Experiments (DOE) protocol were employed together in order to rapidly and efficiently optimize a modified Perkin reaction. Microwave heating significantly reduced the reaction time, and the DOE provided a statistically significant understanding of underlying process relationships in a minimum number of experimental runs. In all, the reaction time was reduced from1hour to 2 minutes, factors important to yield were identified, an interesting cross-term interaction was discovered, and it was demonstrated that the more economical sodium acetate trihydrate catalyst was a viable alternative to the more costly anhydrous sodium acetate.

Ichthyofaunal Assemblages In Three Approximate But Ecologically Diverse Streams In Clark County, Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, Scott Jordan, Lesley Self, Henry W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Three tributaries to the Ouachita River in eastern Clark County, Arkansas, empty into the river within a collective distance of about 9 km. The streams drain basins derived from the Wilcox formation, partially overlain by terrace and alluvial deposits. Despite their proximity, the streams are very different: L'Eau Frais has a gravel substrate and was recognized by the French as a cool water stream, Tupelo Creek is a bottomland stream from which numerous Water Tupelo (Nyssa aquatica) emerge, and Saline Bayou was named due to its marked salinity. We studied the assemblages of fishes in these 3 very different drainages …

The Climate Of Hays, Kansas, From 1867 To 1999: Variability, Trends, And Influences, John Heinrichs

Fort Hays Studies Series

Data for a number of possible regional and global climate influences were compared with Hays climate data to characterize the relationships. The analysis of possible influences on Hays climate provided a rich and complex pattern of relationships.

Density Functional Studies Of The Structure And Bonding In Piano Stool Carbene Complexes, John P. Graham, Robbie Davis

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Density Functional Studies Of The Structure And Bonding Of Nitrosyl Metalloporphyrin Complexes, John P. Graham, Robbie Davis

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Density functional calculations were used to determine optimized geometries fornitrosyl-metalloporphyrin complexes of Fe(II),Co(II)and Mn(II).The optimized structures were found to be consistent with experimental data and previous computational predictions using single point density functional calculations. Vibrational frequencies for the N-0stretching mode were also calculated and shown to be consistent with experimental data. The nature of the bonding between the metal center and nitrosyl ligand is discussed in relation to the structure of the M-N-0 linkage. The results were found to be consistent with previous descriptions derived from the Fenske-Hall approximate molecular orbital method. Other interesting structural features in the optimized geometries …

Using Sketches And Knowledge Bases For Geo-Spatial Image Retrieval, Michela Bertolotto, James Carswell, E Mcloughlin, D O'Sullivan, C Wilson

Articles

This paper presents research in the field of knowledge management for geo-spatial imagery including scanned aerial photos and satellite images. We have developed a web-based system that allows users to query a database of images not only using metadata, but also drawing sketches of configurations of objects they are interested in as well as inputting textual descriptions of their intended task. Our system integrates case-based reasoning techniques to form a knowledge base from previously issued queries that can be exploited to improve future query processing and to build organizational memory through experience capture. The effective design and implementation of a …

Fisheries Research Report No 154 - The Development Of A Rigorous Sampling Methodology For A Long-Term Annual Index Of Recruitment For Finfish Species From South-Western Australia., Daniel J. Gaughan, Suzanne G. Ayvazian, G Nowara, M Craine

Fisheries research reports

Final FRDC Report - 1999/153.

This study has determined the optimal strategies to achieve statistically robust indices of recruitment of five key finfish species in south-western Australia. For another two species such indices could not be established. The sampling strategies developed will initially focus on the most appropriate location, month, and lunar phase, after which fine tuning of the sampling activity will be undertaken with respect to time of day, tide height, weather conditions etc. A significant outcome from the project is that five finfish species have a sampling strategy for recruits that can be utilized as a monitoring program …

Prediction In The Panel Data Model With Spatial Correlation: The Case Of Liquor, Badi H. Baltagi, Dong Li

Center for Policy Research

This paper considers the problem of prediction in a panel data regression model with spatial autocorrelation in the context of a simple demand equation for liquor. This is based on a panel of 43 states over the period 1965-1994. The spatial autocorrelation due to neighboring states and the individual heterogeneity across states is taken explicitly into account. We compare the performance of several predictors of the states demand for liquor for one year and five years ahead. The estimators whose predictions are compared include OLS, fixed effects ignoring spatial correlation, fixed effects with spatial correlation, random effects GLS estimator ignoring …

Random Effects And Spatial Autocorrelations With Equal Weights, Badi H. Baltagi

Center for Policy Research

This note considers a panel data regression model with spatial autoregressive disturbances and random effects where the weight matrix is normalized and has equal elements. This is motivated by Kelejian et al. (2005), who argue that such a weighting matrix, having blocks of equal elements, might be considered when units are equally distant within certain neighborhoods but unrelated between neighborhoods. We derive a simple weighted least squares transformation that obtains GLS on this model as a simple OLS. For the special case of a spatial panel model with no random effects, we obtain two sufficient conditions where GLS on this …

Testing For Cointegrating Rank Via Model Selection: Evidence From 165 Data Sets, Badi H. Baltagi, Zijun Wang

Center for Policy Research

The model selection approach has been proposed as an alternative to the popular tests for cointegration such as the residual-based ADF test and the system-based trace test. Using information criteria, we conduct cointegration tests on 165 data sets used in published studies. The empirical results demonstrate the usefulness of the model selection approach for applied researchers.

The Effects Of Climate Change On The Population Ecology Of The Atlantic Surf Clam, Spisula Solidissima, In The Middle Atlantic Bight, Adriana Picariello

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Exchange Coupling And Contribution Of Induced Orbital Angular Momentum Of Low-Spin Fe^3+ Ions To Magnetic Anisotropy In Cyanide-Bridged Fe2m2 Molecular Magnets: Spin-Polarized Density-Functional Calculations, Stephen Holmes, Kyungwha Park

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

Electronic structure and intramolecular exchange constants are calculated for three cyanide-bridged molecular magnets, [Tp⋆FeIII(CN)3MII(DMF)4]2(OTf)2∙2DMF (MII=Mn,Co,Ni) (abbreviated as Fe2Mn2, Fe2Co2, and Fe2Ni2) that have been recently synthesized, within a generalized-gradient approximation in spin-polarized density-functional theory (DFT). Here Tp⋆=[C3(CH3)2HN2]3BH, OTf=O3SCF3, and DMF=HCON(CH3)2. Due to strong ligand fields present in the [Tp⋆FeIII(CN)3]− units, the Fe3+ ions exhibit a low ground-state spin of S=1/2. Our calculations show that the metal ions in the Fe2Mn2 molecule interact antiferromagnetically via cyanide ligands, while those in the Fe2Co2 and Fe2Ni2 molecule interact ferromagnetically. The calculations also suggest that the smallest gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbital …

Measurement Of Ammonium By Ion Chromatography In High Sodium Concentration, Sharon Klein

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Chemical analysis of Antarctic ice cores provides valuable information on the history and dynamics of the atmosphere environment. The ice core samples contain trace amounts of ammonium, sodium, and other ionic chemical species, which are usually, measured using ion chromatography. High concentrations of sodium may interfere with the accurate and precise measurement of ammonium, due to insufficient resolution of their chromatographic peaks. The extent of the interference is investigated in this project by quantitative determination of the ammonium concentration in solutions of various ammonium and sodium concentrations. A criterion of 20% relative error of measured ammonium concentration is used to …

A Survey Of Security Issues In Wireless Sensor Networks, Yong Wang, Garhan Attebury, Byrav Ramamurthy

School of Computing: Faculty Publications

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used in many applications in military, ecological, and health-related areas. These applications often include the monitoring of sensitive information such as enemy movement on the battlefield or the location of personnel in a building. Security is therefore important in WSNs. However, WSNs suffer from many constraints, including low computation capability, small memory, limited energy resources, susceptibility to physical capture, and the use of insecure wireless communication channels. These constraints make security in WSNs a challenge. In this article we present a survey of security issues in WSNs. First we outline the constraints, security requirements, and …

Spatial Correlation-Based Collaborative Medium Access Control In Wireless Sensor Networks, Mehmet C. Vuran, Ian F. Akyildiz

School of Computing: Faculty Publications

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are mainly characterized by dense deployment of sensor nodes which collectively transmit information about sensed events to the sink. Due to the spatial correlation between sensor nodes subject to observed events, it may not be necessary for every sensor node to transmit its data. This paper shows how the spatial correlation can be exploited on the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort which exploits spatial correlation in WSN on the MAC layer. A theoretical framework is developed for transmission regulation of sensor nodes under a distortion …

Exploiting Redundancy To Boost Performance In A Raid-10 Style Cluster-Based File System, Yifeng Zhu, Hong Jiang, Xiao Qin, Dan Feng, David Swanson

School of Computing: Faculty Publications

While aggregating the throughput of existing disks on cluster nodes is a cost-effective approach to alleviate the I/O bottleneck in cluster computing, this approach suffers from potential performance degradations due to contentions for shared resources on the same node between storage data processing and user task computation. This paper proposes to judiciously utilize the storage redundancy in the form of mirroring existed in a RAID-10 style file system to alleviate this performance degradation. More specifically, a heuristic scheduling algorithm is developed, motivated from the observations of a simple cluster configuration, to spatially schedule write operations on the nodes with less …

Front Matter

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

The Honey Creek Member: A New Holocene Alluvial Stratigraphic Unit In The Midwest, Jeremy S. Dillon, Rolfe D. Mandel

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

This paper describes the type locality and type section for the Honey Creek Member, a stratigraphic unit first recognized in the Honey Creek drainage in southeastern Nebraska. The alluvial chronology for Honey Creek basin is similar to the regional chronology of streams in the Midwest, and all of the formal members of the DeForest Formation occur in the basin. However, the lithology of one unit, the Honey Creek Member, does not correlate with any of the formally recognized members of the DeForest Formation. The Honey Creek Member is composed of grayish brown silt loam overbank facies coarsening downward to a …

Atomic Hardy Space Theory For Unbounded Singular Integrals, Ryan Berndt

Mathematics Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Stature And Criminal Behavior, Rebecca J. Fish

Theses and Dissertations

Minorities are significantly overrepresented in America's prison population, and many studies have been conducted to determine possible causes for such a disparity. Few of these studies, however, have examined small stature as a potential contributor to criminal behavior. This study examines the relationship between criminal behavior and stature among American males. The heights, weights, stature scores (a function of the product of height and weight) and the body mass indices of criminals are examined as a whole, as well as by subgroup based on race, locality, and nature of the crime committed. The average weight of the male criminal population …

Optimal Clustering: Genetic Constrained K-Means And Linear Programming Algorithms, Jianmin Zhao

Theses and Dissertations

Methods for determining clusters of data under- specified constraints have recently gained popularity. Although general constraints may be used, we focus on clustering methods with the constraint of a minimal cluster size. In this dissertation, we propose two constrained k-means algorithms: Linear Programming Algorithm (LPA) and Genetic Constrained K-means Algorithm (GCKA). Linear Programming Algorithm modifies the k-means algorithm into a linear programming problem with constraints requiring that each cluster have m or more subjects. In order to achieve an acceptable clustering solution, we run the algorithm with a large number of random sets of initial seeds, and choose the solution …

Chemometric Analysis Of Multivariate Liquid Chromatography Data: Applications In Pharmacokinetics, Metabolomics, And Toxicology, Sarah Elizabeth Graham Porter

Theses and Dissertations

In the first part of this work, LC-MS data were used to calculate the in-vitro intrinsic clearances (CLint) for the metabolism of p-methoxyrnethamphetamine (PMMA) and fluoxetine by the CYP2D6 enzyme using a steady-state (SS) approach and a new general enzyme (GE) screening method. For PMMA, the SS experiment resulted in a CLint of 2.7 ± 0.2 µL pmol 2D6-1min-1 and the GE experiment resulted in a CLint of 3.0 ± 0.6 µL pmol 2D6-1min-1. For fluoxetine, the SS experiment resulted in a CLint of 0.33 ± 0.17 µL pmol 2D6-1min-1 and the GE experiment resulted in a CLint of 0.188 …

A Model To Predict 24-Hour Urinary Creatinine Level Using Repeated Measurements, Donna S. Kroos

Theses and Dissertations

Creatinine is a metabolic waste product, removed from the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in the urine. The measurement of creatinine is used in the assessment and monitoring of many medical conditions as well as in the determination or adjustment of absorbed dosage of pesticides. Earlier models to predict 24-hour urinary creatinine used ordinary least squares regression and assumed that the subjects' observations were uncorrelated. However, many of these studies had repeated creatinine measurements for each of their subjects. Repeated measures on the same subject frequently are correlated. Using data from the NIOSH-CDC "Pesticide Dose Monitoring in Turf Applicators" …

Forecasting Stability Levels For The Countries Of The Former Soviet Union, Margaret Erin Keck

Theses and Dissertations

United States intelligence officers and policymakers need reliable forecasts of country, regional, and global stability or instability. Such forecasts require a methodology for identifying and analyzing factors that contribute to stability. The anticipation of this stability level can facilitate crisis warning and diplomatic strategies for various timelines, including five, ten, and twenty year forecasts. While the problem of forecasting can be tackled in various ways, in the interest of time and space, I will only go into a few of them. The approach I will use is multiple linear regression to generate a short-term forecast for the stability levels of …

Grobner Bases And Ideals Of Points, Eun R. Chang

Theses and Dissertations

The main point of this thesis is an introduction to the theory of Grobner bases. The concept of Grobner basis and construction of the Grobner basis by Buchberger's Algorithm, in which the notion of S-polynomials is introduced, and a few modified or improved versions of Grobner basis algorithm are reviewed in this paper. In Chapter 1, we have a review of ideals, the definitions and types of monomial ordering, the multivariate polynomial division algorithm and its examples. After ascertaining the monomial ordering on multivariate polynomials, we establish a leading term of a polynomial.In Chapter 2, after defining Grobner bases, we …

A Gis And Remote Sensing Based Analysis Of Impervious Surface Influences On Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) Nest Presence In The Virginia Portion Of The Chesapeake Bay, Jennifer M. Ciminelli

Theses and Dissertations

GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and remote sensing techniques were used to predict relationships between bald eagle nest presences and land type, distance to land type and impervious surface cover area. Data plots revealed bald eagle nest presence decreases in response to an increase in area of bareland; increases with an increase in area of forested land; decreases with an increase in distance (m) to shoreline, and decreases in response to an increase in area of impervious surfaces. Logistic regression models identified impervious surfaces as an indicator for bald eagle nest presence (P 24% as unsuitable. Unsuitable area covered 17.82% of …

Synthesis Of Novel Antimycobacterials And A Fluorescent Sensor For Simple Carbohydrates, Brian Thomas Walker

Theses and Dissertations

Cell surface carbohydrates play an important role in a wide variety of biological processes such as inflammation, tumor metastasis, and viral and bacterial infection. The goal of our research has been two-fold. The first objective was the synthesis of antimycobacterial compounds. A mannose containing tetrasaccharide from the mannan core of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been synthesized using α-D-methylmannopyranoside as starting material and Koeings-Knorr reactions to couple saccharides. The synthesis was completed in nine steps and in 14% total yield. This compound should be useful in competitive inhibition studies with macrophages or as an immunological marker. We have successfully …

Isolation Of Legionella Pneumophila From Well-Maintained Emergency Showers And Eyewash Stations, Jessica Mae Myers

Theses and Dissertations

Legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative bacterium responsible for Legionnaire's disease, and is commonly transmitted via aerosolized water. Legionella colonization of emergency eyewash and shower stations may pose an exposure hazard to users of these stations. There is little information about the role of these stations as significant reservoirs for Legionella. Samples were collected from 67 stations in an industrial facility. At the time of this study, the stations within this facility were under a routine maintenance program that included at least monthly flushing. This study also included the analysis for other bacterial organisms to determine an association between the presence …