Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Sluggs Survey: Outer Triaxiality In The Fast Rotator Elliptical Ngc 4473, C. Foster, J. A. Arnold, D. A. Forbes, N. Pastorello, Aaron J. Romanowsky, L. R. Spitler, J. Strader, J. P. Brodie

Aaron J. Romanowsky

Systematic surveys of nearby early-type galaxies using integral field unit (IFU) spectrograph data have revealed that galaxies can hide interesting structures only visible through kinematic studies. As part of their pioneering work, the ATLAS3D team have shown that most morphologically elliptical galaxies are centrally kinematically disc like. Hence, while global morphology suggests that ellipticals are ellipsoidal/triaxial in shape, their central kinematics may be consistent with (inclined) oblate systems. Here, we study the fast rotator elliptical galaxy: NGC 4473. Using slitlets, we obtain galaxy light kinematics out to unprecedentedly large galactocentric radii (2.5 effective radii). While we confirm the IFU results …

The Sluggs Survey: Probing The Supermassive Blackhole Connection With Bulges And Haloes Using Red And Blue Globular Cluster Systems, V. Pota, A. W. Graham, D. A. Forbes, Aaron J. Romanowsky, A. J. Brodie, J. Strader

Aaron J. Romanowsky

Understanding whether the bulge or the halo provides the primary link to the growth of supermassive black holes has strong implications for galaxy evolution and supermassive black hole formation itself. In this paper, we approach this issue by investigating extragalactic globular cluster (GC) systems, which can be used to probe the physics of both the bulge and the halo of the host galaxy. We study the relation between the supermassive black hole masses (MBH) and the GC system velocity dispersions (σGC) using an updated and improved sample of 21 galaxies. We exploit the dichotomy of GC system colours, to test …

An Inventory Of The Stellar Initial Mass Function In Early-Type Galaxies, C. Tortora, Aaron J. Romanowsky, N. R. Napolitano

Aaron J. Romanowsky

Given a flurry of recent claims for systematic variations in the stellar initial mass function (IMF), we carry out the first inventory of the observational evidence using different approaches. This includes literature results, as well as our own new findings from combined stellar population synthesis (SPS) and Jeans dynamical analyses of data on ~4500 early-type galaxies (ETGs) from the SPIDER project. We focus on the mass-to-light ratio mismatch relative to the Milky Way IMF, δIMF, correlated against the central stellar velocity dispersion, σsstarf. We find a strong correlation between δIMF and σsstarf, for a wide set of dark matter (DM) …

The Paucity Of Globular Clusters Around The Field Elliptical Ngc 7507, J. P. Caso, T. Richtler, L. P. Bassino, R. Salinas, R. R. Lane, Aaron J. Romanowsky

Aaron J. Romanowsky

There is strong evidence that globular cluster systems (GCSs) of massive galaxies are largely assembled by infall/accretion processes. Therefore, we expect the GCSs of isolated elliptical galaxies to be poor. Alhough not completely isolated, NGC 7507 is a massive field elliptical galaxy with an apparently very low dark matter content. Aims: We determine the richness, the colour distribution, and the structural properties of the GCS of NGC 7507. Methods: We perform wide-field Washington photometry with data obtained with the MOSAIC II camera at the 4m-Blanco telescope, CTIO. Results: The GCS is very poor with S_N ~ 0.6. We identify three …

The Densest Galaxy, J. Strader, A. C. Seth, J. P. Brodie, D. A. Forbes, G. Fabbiano, Aaron J. Romanowsky, C. Conroy, N. Caldwell, V. Pota, C. Usher, J. A. Arnold

Aaron J. Romanowsky

We report the discovery of a remarkable ultra-compact dwarf galaxy around the massive Virgo elliptical galaxy NGC 4649 (M60), which we call M60-UCD1. With a dynamical mass of 2.0 × 108 M ☉ but a half-light radius of only ~24 pc, M60-UCD1 is more massive than any ultra-compact dwarfs of comparable size, and is arguably the densest galaxy known in the local universe. It has a two-component structure well fit by a sum of Sérsic functions, with an elliptical, compact (rh = 14 pc; n ~ 3.3) inner component and a round, exponential, extended (rh = 49 pc) outer component. …

The Sluggs Survey: Wide-Field Stellar Kinematics Of Earlytype Galaxies, J. A. Arnold, Aaron J. Romanowsky, J. P. Brodie, D. A. Forbes, J. Strader, C. Foster, S. S. Kartha, N. Pastorello, V. Pota, C. Usher, K. A. Woodley

Aaron J. Romanowsky

No abstract provided.

The Sluggs Survey: The Globular Cluster Systems Of Three Early-Type Galaxies Using Wide-Field Imaging, S. S. Kartha, D. A. Forbes, L. R. Spitler, Aaron J. Romanowsky, J. A. Arnold, J. P. Brodie

Aaron J. Romanowsky

We present the results from a wide-field imaging study of globular cluster (GC) systems in three early-type galaxies. Combinations of Subaru/Suprime-Cam, CFHT/MegaCam and HST/WFPC2/ACS data were used to determine the GC system properties of three highly flattened galaxies NGC 720, NGC 1023 and NGC 2768. This work is the first investigation of the GC system in NGC 720 and NGC 2768 to very large galactocentric radius (∼ 100 kpc). The three galaxies have clear blue and red GC subpopulations. The radial surface densities of the GC systems are fitted with Sersic profiles, and detected out to 15, 8 and 10 …

The Sluggs Survey: Kinematics For Over 2500 Globular Clusters In Twelve Early-Type Galaxies, V. Pota, D. A. Forbes, Aaron J. Romanowsky, J. P. Brodie, L. R. Spitler, J. Strader, C. Foster, J. A. Arnold, A. Benson, C. Blom, J. R. Hargis, K. L. Rhode, C. Usher

Aaron J. Romanowsky

We present a spectrophotometric survey of 2522 extragalactic globular clusters (GCs) around 12 early-type galaxies, nine of which have not been published previously. Combining space-based and multicolour wide-field ground-based imaging, with spectra from the Keck/DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (DEIMOS) instrument, we obtain an average of 160 GC radial velocities per galaxy, with a high-velocity precision of ∼15 km s−1 per GC. After studying the photometric properties of the GC systems, such as their spatial and colour distributions, we focus on the kinematics of metal-poor (blue) and metal-rich (red) GC subpopulations to an average distance of ∼8 effective radii from the …

Productive Resources In Students’ Ideas About Energy: An Alternative Analysis Of Watts’ Original Interview Transcripts, Benedikt W. Harrer, Virginia J. Flood, Michael C. Wittmann

Benedikt W. Harrer

For over 30 years, researchers have investigated students’ ideas about energy with the intent of reforming instructional practice. In this pursuit, Watts contributed an influential study with his 1983 paper “Some alternative views of energy” [Phys. Educ. 18, 213 (1983)]. Watts’ “alternative frameworks” continue to be used for categorizing students’ non-normative ideas about energy. Using a resources framework, we propose an alternate analysis of student responses from Watts’ interviews. In our analysis, we show how students’ activated resources about energy are disciplinarily productive. We suggest that fostering seeds of scientific understandings in students’ ideas about energy may play an important …

Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem In An Isolated System Of Quantum Dipolar Bosons After A Quench, Ehsan Khatami, Guido Pupillo, Mark Srednicki, Marcos Rigol

Ehsan Khatami

We examine the validity of fluctuation-dissipation relations in isolated quantum systems taken out of equilibrium by a sudden quench. We focus on the dynamics of trapped hard-core bosons in one-dimensional lattices with dipolar interactions whose strength is changed during the quench. We find indications that fluctuation-dissipation relations hold if the system is nonintegrable after the quench, as well as if it is integrable after the quench if the initial state is an equilibrium state of a nonintegrable Hamiltonian. On the other hand, we find indications that they fail if the system is integrable both before and after quenching.

The Paucity Of Globular Clusters Around The Field Elliptical Ngc 7507, J. P. Caso, T. Richtler, L. P. Bassino, R. Salinas, R. R. Lane, Aaron J. Romanowsky

Faculty Publications

There is strong evidence that globular cluster systems (GCSs) of massive galaxies are largely assembled by infall/accretion processes. Therefore, we expect the GCSs of isolated elliptical galaxies to be poor. Alhough not completely isolated, NGC 7507 is a massive field elliptical galaxy with an apparently very low dark matter content. Aims: We determine the richness, the colour distribution, and the structural properties of the GCS of NGC 7507. Methods: We perform wide-field Washington photometry with data obtained with the MOSAIC II camera at the 4m-Blanco telescope, CTIO. Results: The GCS is very poor with S_N ~ 0.6. We identify three …

The Sluggs Survey: Kinematics For Over 2500 Globular Clusters In Twelve Early-Type Galaxies, V. Pota, D. A. Forbes, Aaron J. Romanowsky, J. P. Brodie, L. R. Spitler, J. Strader, C. Foster, J. A. Arnold, A. Benson, C. Blom, J. R. Hargis, K. L. Rhode, C. Usher

Faculty Publications

We present a spectrophotometric survey of 2522 extragalactic globular clusters (GCs) around 12 early-type galaxies, nine of which have not been published previously. Combining space-based and multicolour wide-field ground-based imaging, with spectra from the Keck/DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (DEIMOS) instrument, we obtain an average of 160 GC radial velocities per galaxy, with a high-velocity precision of ∼15 km s−1 per GC. After studying the photometric properties of the GC systems, such as their spatial and colour distributions, we focus on the kinematics of metal-poor (blue) and metal-rich (red) GC subpopulations to an average distance of ∼8 effective radii from the …

Location Based Services In Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, Neelanjana Dutta

Doctoral Dissertations

"In this dissertation, we investigate location based services in wireless ad hoc networks from four different aspects - i) location privacy in wireless sensor networks (privacy), ii) end-to-end secure communication in randomly deployed wireless sensor networks (security), iii) quality versus latency trade-off in content retrieval under ad hoc node mobility (performance) and iv) location clustering based Sybil attack detection in vehicular ad hoc networks (trust). The first contribution of this dissertation is in addressing location privacy in wireless sensor networks. We propose a non-cooperative sensor localization algorithm showing how an external entity can stealthily invade into the location privacy of …

Punctuality Improvement In Australian Rail Freight Network By Transit Time Management, Hadi Ghaderi, Mohammad-Reza Namazi-Rad, Payam Mokhtarian, Jingang Fei, Stephen Cahoon, Tin Kin Ho

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

With rapid development in product globalization and just-in-time production over the last two decades, area-specific reliable, responsive and customer-oriented rail freight services are in demand and are of increasing interest. Having a proper understanding of underlying factors in the evaluation of the quality of rail freight services is a key challenge in the short-term and long-term regional and metropolitan freight mobility planning, particularly within the context of a competitive rail freight market as in Australia. Among the fundamental attributes of rail freight services, transit time and reliability/punctuality are of utmost importance, which also tend to be inevitably correlated. This paper …

Polypyrrole As Cathode Materials For Zn-Polymer Battery With Various Biocompatible Aqueous Electrolytes, Sha Li, Irin Sultana, Zaiping Guo, Caiyun Wang, G G. Wallace, Hua-Kun Liu

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Polypyrrole films doped with p-toluenesulfonic anions on stainless steel mesh substrates were prepared by the electropolymerization method. A Zn/aqueous solution/polymer battery system was thus established with the polymer film as the cathode and three different biocompatible aqueous electrolytes. The mechanism of the anode reaction can be explained as the dissolution of Zn. It was found, however, that the discharge performance, including the discharge plateaus and capacities, were significantly affected by the polymer reactions. To elucidate the reaction mechanisms of the conductive polymer, its electrochemical properties were systematically studied by several techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and monitoring mass …

Colour Tunable Electrochromic Devices Based On Pprodot-(Hx)2 And Pprodot-(Ethx)2 Polymers, Bo Weng, Syed Ashraf, Peter C. Innis, Gordon G. Wallace

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

The most commonly used method to tune the colour transition states of an ECD is to modify the chemical structure of the electrochromic polymers to achieve the desired transparent to dark state switching colours. However, this approach can present significant synthetic challenges that typically result in a compromise in device performance parameters such as contrast range or stability as well as solvent processability. In this study we have investigated tuning the dark-state colour of an ECD (at +0.8 V) by solution mixing poly(3,3-dihexyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine) (PProDOT-(Hx)2), which has an excellent contrast performance but with an esthetically undesirable purple colour transition, with poly(3,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno …

Removal Of Na+ From Ionic Liquids By Zeolite For High Quality Electrolyte Manufacture, Won-Je Cho, Yongseong Seo, Soon Jae Jung, Won-Gil Lee, Byung Chul Kim, Grant A. Mathieson, Kook Hyun Yu

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

This study develops a novel method to remove the free cations created during the synthesis of ionic liquid. The cations are removed from the ionic liquid by size-selective adsorption onto chemically surface-modified Zeolite. The porous crystal nano-structure of Zeolite has several electron-rich Al sites to attract cations. While large cations of an ionic liquid cannot access the Zeolite nano-structure, small cations like Na+ have ready access and are adsorbed. This study confirms that: Na+ can be removed from ionic liquid effectively using Zeolite; and, in contrast to the conventional and extensively applied ion exchange resin method or solvent extraction methods, …

Swat Model Simulation Of Bioenergy Crop Impacts In A Tile-Drained Watershed, Chelsie Marie Werling Boles

Open Access Theses

Tile drains are an important component of agricultural production in the Midwest, and their inclusion in modeling studies is important in watersheds where they are a principal hydrologic pathway. The new tile drainage simulation method in the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was parameterized and tile flow results were compared with reviewed literature. Streamflow, sediment, and nutrient outputs were compared to measured values and simulated crop yields were examined with respect to average county yields. Plant growth stressors were examined to account for differences between simulated and published yields. The bioenergy crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) was applied over …

Identifying Ditch Geometry And Top Of The Bank Location Using Airborne Lidar Point Cloud, Naime Celik

Open Access Theses

The geometry of agricultural drainage ditches is very important in crop production as it impacts drainage of cropland and affects vegetation and soil erosion along the banks of the ditches. Thus, implementation of water conservation and management practices in engineered and natural ditches necessitates determination of ditch geometry along the reach of the ditch. This study explores the use of airborne commercial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology to identify the top of the ditch banks. The method was developed to obtain the normalized cross sectional shape of the ditch using one-dimensional spline fits to ground classified points from the …

Potential For Electrical Power Generation Using Forest Wood Biomass In Rural Areas Of Catalonia, Arnau Gonzalez

Open Access Theses

Biomass is a renewable energy source that has been used for many years. However, its usage as an electricity source in Spain is not well developed due to many causes, among which highlights the lack of knowledge about the available technical potential. This research sought to close this gap assessing the technical potential for electricity generation using forest wood biomass in rural areas of Catalonia. The study characterizes the amount and type of biomass available in Catalonian forests that can be used to produce electricity without going beyond the capacity of regeneration of the forest, as well as the state-of-the-art …

Slurry Seeding Cover Crops, Edwin Alexander Suarez

Open Access Theses

Cover crops improve soil quality through increased organic matter, biological activity, aggregate stability, water infiltration, and nutrient cycling. Slurry seeding, the co-application of cover crop seed and swine (Sus domesticus) manure, is a new practice that saves fuel, time and labor. High salinity and/or ammonia, among other components in swine manure, may reduce cover crop seed germination and limit the use of slurry seeding. Ten cover crop species were evaluated to compare the effects of swine manure components on cover crop seed germination. Seed germination percentages and rates were affected by swine manure but not by equivalent salinity levels established …

Interactive Multivariate Data Exploration For Risk-Based Decision Making, Silvia Oliveros Torres

Open Access Theses

Risk-based decision making is a data-driven process used to gather data about outcomes, analyze different scenarios, and deliver informed decisions to mitigate risk.

An interactive visual analytics system can help derive insights from large amounts of data and facilitate the risk management process thereby providing a suitable solution to examine different decision factors. This work introduces two separate systems that

incorporate visual analytics techniques to help the users in the tasks of identifying patterns, finding correlations, designing mitigation strategies, and assisting in the long term planning and assessment process. The first system looks at the National Health

and Nutrition Examination …

Content Analysis Concerning State Green Lodging Certification Programs In The United States, Yue Yu

Open Access Theses

The present thesis reports a content analysis study of state green lodging certification programs (SGLCPs) in the United States. The study explores how the government and industry associations operate and maintain SGLCPs. Through online research, the researcher found that 20 states have SGLCP. There are total 21 programs in operation currently. The study focused on the textual content of the 21 programs' websites.

The study determined the rationale of SGLCPs adoption through analyzing program purposes and certification bodies. The application procedure, assessment process, participation rate, certification levels, recertification process of programs were discussed to figure out whether SGLCPs implement the …

A Spatially Explicit Watershed Scale Optimization Of Cellulosic Biofuels Production, Jingyu Song

Open Access Theses

Producing biofuels from energy crops is one such alternative. They can result in relatively lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional energy sources. Up to now, corn grain is the most researched energy crop. Cellulosic perennial crops such as switchgrass, miscanthus and fast growing trees are also promising energy crops and are expected to help with the energy supply. The 2007 Renewable Fuel Standard requires 16 billion gallons of a total of 36 billion gallons of renewable fuels to be cellulosic biofuels by 2022. Many studies are being done to evaluate costs and feasibility of different potential feedstocks and the …

Chemical Consequences Of Chicxulub Impact Ejecta Reentry, Devon Donald Parkos

Open Access Theses

The Chicxulub impact 66.0 million years ago initiated the second biggest extinction in the Phanerozoic Eon. The global reentry of material ejected by the impact generated a strong pulse of thermal radiation that wiped out much of the terrestrial biota. The cause of the marine extinction, however, has remained elusive. This report shows that reentering ejecta produces enough NOx to acidify the upper ocean and cause a massive marine extinction. Using non-equilibrium chemically reacting flow simulations coupled with atmospheric transport modeling, it is determined that enough NOx reached the stratosphere and precipitated to overpower the carbonate buffer and acidify the …

An Analysis Of Underlying Competencies And Computer And Information Technology Learning Objectives For Business Analysis, Ryan Thomas Quigley

Open Access Theses

This research examines whether the Computer and Information Technology (CIT) department at Purdue University should develop a business analyst concentration. The differences between system and business analysts, evolution of the business analyst profession, job demand and trends, and applicable model curricula were explored to support this research. Review of relevant literature regarding the topics suggested that a business analyst concentration should be developed. A gap analysis was performed to determine how well selected CIT courses address the skills and competencies required by today's business analysts. The primary finding, as a result of the analysis, was that CIT courses alone are …

Text-Based Phishing Detection Using A Simulation Model, Gilchan Park

Open Access Theses

Phishing is one of the most potentially disruptive actions that can be performed on the Internet. Intellectual property and other pertinent business information could potentially be at risk if a user falls for a phishing attack. The most common way of carrying out a phishing attack is through email. The adversary sends an email with a link to a fraudulent site to lure consumers into divulging their confidential information. While such attacks may be easily identifiable for those well-versed in technology, it may be difficult for the typical Internet user to spot a fraudulent email.

The emphasis of this research …

Knight's Tours On 3 X N Chessboards With A Single Square Removed, Amanda M. Miller, David L. Farnsworth

Articles

The following theorem is proved: A knight’s tour exists on all 3 x n chessboards with one square removed unless: n is even, the removed square is (i, j) with i + j odd, n = 3 when any square other than the center square is removed, n = 5, n = 7 when any square other than square (2, 2) or (2, 6) is removed, n = 9 when square (1, 3), (3, 3), (1, 7), (3, 7), (2, 4), (2, 6), (2, 2), or (2, 8) is removed, or n = 11 when square (1, 3), (2, 4), …

Applying Dc Resistivity Imaging To Investigating The Relationship Between Water Quality And Transpiration Beneath Circular Islands In The Okavango Delta, Botswana: A Case Study Of Thata Island, E. M. Shemang, L. N. Molwalefhe, Kevin L. Mickus

College of Natural and Applied Sciences

An electrical resistivity survey was carried out on Thata Island, one of the numerous circular islands in the Okavango Delta, to investigate the mechanism governing interactions between surface water, vegetation and groundwater. Seven data profiles were collected across the island and modelling results indicated that the centre of the island had low resistivity values (less than 10 ohm-m), while resistivity values increased laterally outside the island. Such lateral resistivity zoning responded to variation in shallow groundwater chemistry below the islands having a high concentration of solutes inside and the presence of fresh water outside the islands. Borehole to surface resistivity …

Lomustine Analogous Drug Structures For Intervention Of Brain And Spinal Cord Tumors: The Benefit Of In Silico Substructure Search And Analysis, Ronald Bartzatt

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Lomustine is a nitrosourea anticancer agent shown to be effective for treatment of childhood medulloblastoma. In silico substructure searches produced 17 novel nitrosourea agents analogous to lumustine and retaining activity for DNA alkylation and cytotoxic activity. The mean values for Log P, polar surface area, formula weight, number of oxygens & nitrogens, and rotatable bonds were 2.524, 62.89 Anstroms2, 232.8, 5, and 2, respectively. All 17 agents have formula weight less than 450 and Log P less than 5, two criteria preferred for blood-brain barrier penetration.These agents have a polar surface area less than 90 Angstroms2. Each show zero violations …