Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Interpreting Individual Classifications Of Hierarchical Networks, Will Landecker, Michael David Thomure, Luis M.A. Bettencourt, Melanie Mitchell, Garrett T. Kenyon, Steven P. Brumby

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Hierarchical networks are known to achieve high classification accuracy on difficult machine-learning tasks. For many applications, a clear explanation of why the data was classified a certain way is just as important as the classification itself. However, the complexity of hierarchical networks makes them ill-suited for existing explanation methods. We propose a new method, contribution propagation, that gives per-instance explanations of a trained network's classifications. We give theoretical foundations for the proposed method, and evaluate its correctness empirically. Finally, we use the resulting explanations to reveal unexpected behavior of networks that achieve high accuracy on visual object-recognition tasks using well-known …

Estimation Of Performance Indices For The Planning Of Sustainable Transportation Systems, Alexander Paz, Pankaj Maheshwari, Pushkin Kachroo, Sajjad Ahmad

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

In the context of sustainable transportation systems, previous studies have either focused only on the transportation system or have not used a methodology that enables the treatment of incomplete, vague, and qualitative information associated with the available data. This study proposes a system of systems (SOS) and a fuzzy logic modeling approach. The SOS includes the Transportation, Activity, and Environment systems. The fuzzy logic modeling approach enables the treatment of the vagueness associated with some of the relevant data. Performance Indices (PIs) are computed for each system using a number of performance measures. The PIs illustrate the aggregated performance of …

Global Attracting Equilibria For Coupled Systems With Ceiling Density Dependence, Eric A. Eager, Mary Hebert, Elise Hellwig, Francisco Hernandez, Richard Rebarber, Brigitte Tenhumberg, Bryan Wigianto

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

In this paper, we present a system of two difference equations modeling the dynamics of a coupled population with two patches. Each patch can house only a limited number of individuals (called a carrying capacity) because resources like food and breeding sites are limited in each patch. We assume that the population in each patch is governed by a linear model until reaching a carrying capacity in each patch, resulting in map which is nonlinear and not sublinear. We analyze the global attractors of this model.

An Interdisciplinary Research Course In Theoretical Ecology For Young Undergraduates, Glenn Ledder, Brigitte Tenhumberg, G. Travis Adams

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

As part of an interdepartmental effort to attract promising young students to research at the interface between mathematics and biology, we created a course in which groups of recent high school graduates and first-year college students conducted a research project in insect population dynamics. The students set up experiments, collected data, used the data to develop mathematical models, tested their models against further experiments, and prepared their results for dissemination. The course was self-contained in that the lecture portion developed the mathematical, statistical, and biological background needed for the research. A special writing component helped students learn the principles of …

Daily Temperature Fluctuations Unpredictably Influence Developmental Rate And Morphology At A Critical Early Larval Stage In A Frog, Juliana M. Arrighi, Ezra S. Lencer, Advait Jukar, Daesik Park, Patrick C. Phillips, Robert H. Kaplan

Systems Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Environmental temperature has profound consequences for early amphibian development and many field and laboratory studies have examined this. Most laboratory studies that have characterized the influence of temperature on development in amphibians have failed to incorporate the realities of diel temperature fluctuations (DTF), which can be considerable for pond-breeding amphibians.

Results: We evaluated the effects of different ecologically relevant ranges of DTF compared with effects of constant temperatures on development of embryos and larvae of the Korean fire-bellied toad (Bombina orientalis). We constructed thermal reaction norms for developmental stage, snout- vent length, and tail length by fitting …

Long-Term (1951-2007) Rainfall Trends Around Six Indian Cities: Current State, Meteorological, And Urban Dynamics, Shailesh Kumar Kharol, D. G. Kaskaoutis, Anu Rani Sharma, Ramesh P. Singh

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

The present study focuses on analyzing the precipitation trends over six Indian cities during the summer monsoon (June-September) covering the period 1951-2007 and also attempting to investigate possible urban forcing and dynamics by examining the variation in precipitation in the upwind and downwind directions. The analysis shows negative trends in the total number of rainy days over Hyderabad (-10.4%), Kanpur (-7.1%), Jaipur (-10.5%), and Nagpur (-4.8%) and positive trends over Delhi (7.4%) and Bangalore (22.9%). On the other hand, decreases of -21.3%, -5.9%, -14.2%, and -14.6% in seasonal rainfall are found over Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, and Kanpur, respectively, whereas Bangalore …

A Viewpoint Of Tanzania E-Commerce And Implementation Barriers, George S. Oreku, Fredrick Mtenzi, Al-Dahoud Ali

Articles

The growing rate of ICT utilization particularly the Internet and mobile phones has influenced at an exponential rate online interaction and communication among the generality of the populace. However, with the enormity of businesses on the Internet, Tanzania is yet to harness the opportunities for optimal financial gains. This study is exploratory in nature as it attempts to unveil the prospects of ecommerce implementation, participation, motivation and opportunity to the developing countries like Tanzania where by the domestic market is very big to ensure the growth of agricultural sector. The paper proposes to investigate the ability of consumers to purchase …

Octree-Based Indexing For 3d Point Clouds Within An Oracle Spatial Dbms, Bianca Schoen-Phelan, Abu Saleh Mohammad Mosa, Debra Laefer, Michela Bertolotto

Articles

A large proportion of today’s digital data has a spatial component. The storage and effective 10 management of such data poses particular challenges. Nowhere is this truer than with Light De-11 tection and Ranging (LiDAR), where datasets of even small geographic areas may contain sever-12 al hundred millions points. Currently available spatial information systems do not provide suita-13 ble support for 3D data. As a consequence, while a specific system can be used to store the data, 14 another has to be used to process it. Typically several software applications are used to analyze 15 and process LiDAR data, requiring …

Remote Measurements Of On-Road Emissions From Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles In California; Year 5, 2012, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Emission Trends In Heavy-Duty Trucks In The South Coast Air Basin (Presentation), Gary A. Bishop, Brent G. Schuchmann, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Yellowstone Over-Snow Vehicle Emission Tests – 2012, John D. Ray, Gary A. Bishop, Brent G. Schuchmann, Chris Frey, Gurdas Sandhu, Brandon Graver

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Criminalizing Hacking, Not Dating: Reconstructing The Cfaa Intent Requirement, David Thaw

Articles

Cybercrime is a growing problem in the United States and worldwide. Many questions remain unanswered as to the proper role and scope of criminal law in addressing socially-undesirable actions affecting and conducted through the use of computers and modern information technologies. This Article tackles perhaps the most exigent question in U.S. cybercrime law, the scope of activities that should be subject to criminal sanction under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA), the federal "anti-hacking" statute.

At the core of current CFAA debate is the question of whether private contracts, such as website "Terms of Use" or organizational "Acceptable Use …

Correlation Coefficient Of Interval Neutrosophic Set, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we introduce for the first time the concept of correlation coefficients of interval valued neutrosophic set (INS for short). Respective numerical examples are presented.

N-Valued Refined Neutrosophic Logic And Its Applications To Physics, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we present a short history of logics: from particular cases of 2-symbol or numerical valued logic to the general case of n-symbol or numerical valued logic. We show generalizations of 2-valued Boolean logic to fuzzy logic, also from the Kleene’s and Lukasiewicz’ 3-symbol valued logics or Belnap’s 4-symbol valued logic to the most general n-symbol or numerical valued refined neutrosophic logic. Two classes of neutrosophic norm (n-norm) and neutrosophic conorm (n-conorm) are defined. Examples of applications of neutrosophic logic to physics are listed in the last section. Similar generalizations can be done for n-Valued Refined Neutrosophic Set, …

Introduction To Neutrosophic Measure, Neutrosophic Integral, And Neutrosophic Probability, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book, we introduce for the first time the notions of neutrosophic measure and neutrosophic integral, and we develop the 1995 notion of neutrosophic probability. We present many practical examples.

It is possible to define the neutrosophic measure and consequently the neutrosophic integral and neutrosophic probability in many ways, because there are various types of indeterminacies, depending on the problem we need to solve. Neutrosophics study the indeterminacy. Indeterminacy is different from randomness. It can be caused by physical space materials and type of construction, by items involved in the space, etc.

Unsolved Problems In Special And General Relativity, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This book includes 21 papers written by 23 authors and co-authors: Hua Di, Li Zifeng, Li Wen-Xiu, Shi Yong-Cheng, Xu Jianmin, Dong Jingfeng, Duan Zhongxiao, Fu Yuhua, Guo Kaizhe, Guo Chongwu, Guo Ying-Huan, Guo Zhen-Hua, Hu Chang-Wei, Jiang Chun-Xuan, Liu Taixiang, Tu Runsheng, Wu Fengming, Yang Shijia, Cao Shenglin, Leo G. Sapogin, V. A. Dzhanibekov, Yu. A. Ryabov, and Florentin Smarandache.

The editors hope that all these papers will contribute to the advance of scholarly research on several aspects of Special and General Relativity. This book is suitable for students and scholars interested in studies of physics.

Unsolved Problems In Special And General Relativity, Florentin Smarandache, Fu Yuhua, Zhao Fengjuan

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This book includes 21 papers written by 23 authors and co-authors. All papers included herein are produced by scholars from People’s Republic of China, except two papers written by Prof. L. Sapogin, V. A. Dzhanibekov, Yu. A. Ryabov from Russia, and by Prof. Florentin Smarandache from USA. The editors hope that all these papers will contribute to the advance of scholarly research on several aspects of Special and General Relativity. This book is suitable for students and scholars interested in studies on physics. The first paper is written by Hua Di. He writes that Einstein’s general theory of relativity cannot …

Fuzzy Neutrosophic Models For Social Scientists, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book, authors give the notion of different neutrosophic models like, neutrosophic cognitive maps (NCMs), neutrosophic relational maps (NEMs), neutrosophic relational equations (NREs), neutrosophic bidirectional associative memories (NBAMs) and neutrosophic associative memories (NAMs) for socio scientists. This book has six chapters. The first chapter introduces the basic concepts of neutrosophic numbers and notions about neutrosophic graphs which are essential to construct these neutrosophic models. In chapter two we describe the concept of neutrosophic matrices and the essential operations related with them which are used in the study and working of these neutrosophic models. However the reader must be familiar …

On Improvement In Estimating Population Parameter(S) Using Auxiliary Information, Florentin Smarandache, Rajesh Singh

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The purpose of writing this book is to suggest some improved estimators using auxiliary information in sampling schemes like simple random sampling and systematic sampling. This volume is a collection of five papers, written by eight coauthors (listed in the order of the papers): Manoj K. Chaudhary, Sachin Malik, Rajesh Singh, Florentin Smarandache, Hemant Verma, Prayas Sharma, Olufadi Yunusa, and Viplav Kumar Singh, from India, Nigeria, and USA. The following problems have been discussed in the book: In chapter one an estimator in systematic sampling using auxiliary information is studied in the presence of non-response. In second chapter some improved …

Proceedings Of The First International Conference On Smarandache Multispace & Multistructures, Florentin Smarandache, Linfan Mao

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In recent decades, Smarandache’s notions of multispace and multistructure were widely spread and have shown much importance in sciences around the world. Organizedby Prof.Linfan Mao, a professional conference on multispaces and multistructures, named the First International Conference on Smarandache Multispace and Multistructure was held in Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture of P. R. China on June 28-30, 2013, which was announced by American Mathematical Society in advance.

Two-Coloring Cycles In Complete Graphs, Claire Djang

Honors Papers

Inspired by an investigation of Ramsey theory, this paper aims to clarify in further detail a number of results regarding the existence of monochromatic cycles in complete graphs whose edges are colored red or blue. The second half focuses on a proof given by Gyula Károlyi and Vera Rosta for the solution of all R(Cn,Ck).

The Jormungand Climate Model, Christopher V. Rackauckas

Honors Papers

The geological and paleomagnetic record indicate that around 750 million and 580 millions years ago glaciers grew near the equator, though as of yet we do not fully understand the nature of these glaciations. The well-known Snowball Earth Hypothesis states that the Earth was covered entirely by glaciers. However, it is hard for this hypothesis to account for certain aspects of the biological evidence such as the survival of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Thus the Jormungand Hypothesis was developed as an alternative to the Snowball Earth Hypothesis. In this paper we investigate previous models of the Jormungand state and look at the …

Doppler-Free Saturated Fluorescence Spectroscopy Of Lithium Using A Stabilized Frequency Comb, Michael E. Rowan

Honors Papers

The lineshapes of the D1 (22S1/2 → 22P1/2 ) and D2 (22S3/2 → 22P1/2) transitions in lithium were measured using a diode laser that was frequency-stabilized to a Ti:Sapphire 1 GHz optical frequency comb. The excitation was achieved by retroreflecting the diode laser, in effect producing the Doppler-free profiles for the center frequencies of transitions. The observed spectra were compared to density matrix calculations to gain insight into systematic effects including the dependence of Doppler-free profiles on power and polarization angle of the diode. For certain transitions, the method of saturated fluorescence spectroscopy inevitably leads to the presence of extra …

Study Of Dynamic Features Of Highly Energetic Reactions By Dsc And High-Speed Temperature Scanner (Hsts), Mkhitar Hobosyan, Kh. G. Kirakosyan, S. L. Kharatyan, Karen S. Martirosyan

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

The dynamic features of Al2O3 - polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Al - PTFE reactions in non-isothermal conditions are presented. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and High-Speed Temperature Scanner (HSTS) were used to characterize the Al2O3/Al – PTFE reactions at different heating rates. The study shows that the HSTS instrument can give more information about the reaction mechanism and kinetics than the conventional DSC measurements. In this work we show that high heating rates may reveal exothermic reaction between Al2O3 and PTFE that were previously unidentified. The PTFE can potentially remove the oxide layer from aluminum in the initial period of the …

Clan Capitalism, Graph Distance, And Other Issues, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This book consists of 6 papers focusing on social and economic issues. The topics covered include graph distance and optimal communication, migration in Jaipur, urbanization, clan capitalism, world population growth rate, and scientific inquiry. These papers were written in the period between 20092010. Hopefully the readers will find some new insights in this collection of papers.

Neutrosophic Emergencies And Incidences, Florentin Smarandache, Stefan Vladutescu

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

The Hyperbolic Menelaus Theorem In The Poincare Disc Model Of Hyperbolic Geometry, Florentin Smarandache, Catalin Barbu

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this note, we present the hyperbolic Menelaus theorem in the Poincar´e disc of hyperbolic geometry.

Filters Via Neutrosophic Crisp Sets, A. A. Salama, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we introduce the notion of filter on the neutrosophic crisp set, then we consider a generalization of the filter’s studies. Afterwards, we present the important neutrosophic crisp filters. We also study several relations between different neutrosophic crisp filters and neutrosophic topologies. Possible applications to database systems are touched upon.

More On Intuitionistic Neutrosophic Soft Sets, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Intuitionistic Neutrosophic Soft Set theory proposed by S. Broumi and F. Samarandache [28], has been regarded as an effective mathematical tool to deal with uncertainties. In this paper new operations on intuitionistic neutrosophic soft sets have been introduced . Some results relating to the properties of these operations have been established. Moreover ,we illustrate their interconnections between each other.

Intuitionistic Neutrosophic Soft Set, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we study the concept of intuitionistic neutrosophic set of Bhowmik and Pal. We have introduced this concept in soft sets and defined intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set. Some definitions and operations have been introduced on intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set. Some properties of this concept have been established.