Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Enhanced Biocidal Activity Of Au Nanoparticles Synthesized In One Pot Using 2, 4-Dihydroxybenzene Carbodithioic Acid As A Reducing And Stabilizing Agent, Syeda Sohaila Naz, Nazar Ul Islam, Muhammad Raza Shah, Syed Sartaj Alam, Zafar Iqbal, Massimo Bertino, Louis Franzel, Afifa Ahmed

Physics Publications

Background

The conjugation of gold nanoparticles with biocides such as natural products, oligosaccharides, DNA, proteins has attracted great attention of scientists recently. Gold NPs covered with biologically important molecules showed significant enhancement in biological activity in comparison with the activity of the free biocides. However, these reports are not very systematic and do not allow to draw definitive conclusions. We therefore embarked in a systematic study related to the synthesis and characterization of biocidal activities of Au nanoparticles conjugated to a wide variety of synthetic and natural biomolecules. In this specific report, we investigated the activity of a synthetic biocide, …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Transition Metal Arsenide Nanocrystals And The Metastability And Magneto-Structural Phase Transition Behavior Of Mnas Nanocrystals, Yanhua Zhang

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation study focuses on (1) probing the magneto-structural phase transformation in nanoscale MnAs; (2) evaluation of the size-dependent phase stability of type-B MnAs (prepared by rapid injection); and (3) developing a general synthetic method for transition metal arsenide nanoparticles.

Discrete MnAs nanoparticles that adopt different structures at room temperature (type-A, α-structure and type-B, β-structure) have been prepared by the solution-phase arrested precipitation method. Atomic pair distribution and Rietveld refinement were employed on synchrotron data to explore the structural transitions of the bulk and nanoparticle samples, and these results were compared to AC magnetic susceptibility measurements of the samples. The …

Relation Lifting, With An Application To The Many-Valued Cover Modality, Marta Bílková, Alexander Kurz, Daniela Petrişan, Jirí Velebil

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

We introduce basic notions and results about relation liftings on categories enriched in a commutative quantale. We derive two necessary and sufficient conditions for a 2-functor T to admit a functorial relation lifting: one is the existence of a distributive law of T over the “powerset monad” on categories, one is the preservation by T of “exactness” of certain squares. Both characterisations are generalisations of the “classical” results known for set functors: the first characterisation generalises the existence of a distributive law over the genuine powerset monad, the second generalises preservation of weak pullbacks.

The results presented in this paper …

Epistemic Updates On Algebras, Alexander Kurz, Alessandra Palmigiano

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

We develop the mathematical theory of epistemic updates with the tools of duality theory. We focus on the Logic of Epistemic Actions and Knowledge (EAK), introduced by Baltag-Moss-Solecki, without the common knowledge operator. We dually characterize the product update construction of EAK as a certain construction transforming the complex algebras associated with the given model into the complex algebra associated with the updated model. This dual characterization naturally generalizes to much wider classes of algebras, which include, but are not limited to, arbitrary BAOs and arbitrary modal expansions of Heyting algebras (HAOs). As an application of this dual characterization, we …

Dynamic Sequent Calculus For The Logic Of Epistemic Actions And Knowledge, Giuseppe Greco, Alexander Kurz, Alessandra Palmigiano

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

"Dynamic Logics (DLs) form a large family of nonclassical logics, and perhaps the one enjoying the widest range of applications. Indeed, they are designed to formalize change caused by actions of diverse nature: updates on the memory state of a computer, displacements of moving robots in an environment, measurements in models of quantum physics, belief revisions, knowledge updates, etc. In each of these areas, DL-formulas express properties of the model encoding the present state of affairs, as well as the pre- and post-conditions of a given action. Actions are semantically represented as transformations of one model into another, encoding the …

Nominal Computation Theory (Dagstuhl Seminar 13422), Mikołaj Bojanczyk, Bartek Klin, Alexander Kurz, Andrew M. Pitts

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 13422 “Nominal Computation Theory”. The underlying theme of the seminar was nominal sets (also known as sets with atoms or Fraenkel-Mostowski sets) and they role and applications in three distinct research areas: automata over infinite alphabets, program semantics using nominal sets and nominal calculi of concurrent processes.

The Effect Of Nanostructure On The Electrical Properties Of Metal Oxide Materials, Philip Zachary Rice

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Resistive random access memory (ReRAM) is a potential replacement technology for Flash and other memory implementations. Advantages of ReRAM include increased scalability, low power operation, and compatibility with silicon semiconductor manufacturing. Most of the ReRAM devices described to date have utilized thin film based metal oxide dielectrics as a resistive switching matrix. The goal of this dissertation project has been to investigate the resistive switching behavior of nanoparticulate metal oxides and to develop methods to utilize these materials in ReRAM device fabrication. To this end, nanoparticles of TiO₂ and HfO₂ were synthesized under a variety of conditions resulting …

Geomorphology Of Deposits From The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, Tamil Nadu, Southeastern India, Patrick Alan Johnston

All Master's Theses

In low latitudes, geologically suitable repositories for tsunami deposits are not well defined. This project characterizes the geomorphic environments on the southeastern coast of India that preserved depositional evidence of the catastrophic tsunami created by the M_w9.0-9.3 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on December 26, 2004. The Indian coast is particularly interesting because it is approximately 1300 km from the subduction-zone source of tsunamis across the Indian Ocean, and therefore only the largest events are capable of reaching it. The main objective of this study was to identify the settings where recognizable tsunami deposits from the 2004 event have been preferentially …

Influence Of Organic Groundcovers On Mycorrhizal Colonization And Symbiosis Of Organically Managed Fruit Crops, Raven Anai Bough, Curt R. Rom

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Ground covers have the potential to impact the crop rhizosphere biology, which includes organisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which in turn affect the crop host plant through symbiosis. There has been evidence that a ground cover that provides a suitable environment for colonization of AMF and subsequent symbiosis could be a tool in organic fruit production. The objective of this research was to compare colonization of AMF in strawberry plant (Frageria x ananassa cv. Radiance) and apple rootstocks (Malus x domestica, cv. M. 26) grown in a greenhouse affected by various ground cover treatments. Inoculation was achieved by …

Land Of The Ley, Grace Huddleston

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

The line separating phenomenon and science has become blurred in the investigation of ley lines. Ley lines can be described as “invisible” lines that link different places of interest and significance, either historical or geographical. This is a very loose definition, but it must remain vague, as it has to account for the various understandings of the lines. These individual interpretations are noted by Atkins Webster in his introduction to “Do Quasar Ley Lines Really Exist,” in which he states that “one supposition is that these ley lines were intended for some practical purpose, perhaps to mark a track or …

Methods In Visual Mathematics: Reductionism In Researching Mathematical Principles In Art, Lauren N. Colie

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

People traditionally rely on visual arts as an effective communication tool and medium of self-expression for when words fail to convey abstract concepts. Thera Mjaaland, anthropologist and professional photographer, writes, “Art is capable of negotiating conceptual gaps caused by a dichotomized epistemology” (393). In essence, Mjaaland asserts that art helps relate different modes of thinking by illustrating the abstract and difficult to grasp—privileging the communicative value of an image over that of text. Within this method of communication is a collection of works acknowledged by public consensus to be of an elevated status or value. The art world is deeply …

Greedy Trees, Subtrees And Antichains, Eric Ould Dadah Andriantiana, Stephan G. Wagner, Hua Wang

Department of Mathematical Sciences Faculty Publications

Greedy trees are constructed from a given degree sequence by a simple greedy algorithm that assigns the highest degree to the root, the second-, third-, ... highest degrees to the root's neighbors, and so on.

They have been shown to maximize or minimize a number of different graph invariants among trees with a given degree sequence. In particular, the total number of subtrees of a tree is maximized by the greedy tree. In this work, we show that in fact a much stronger statement holds true: greedy trees maximize the number of subtrees of any given order. This parallels recent …

Rademacher's Infinite Partial Fractions Conjecture Is (Almost Certainly) False, Andrew Sills, Doron Zeilberger

Department of Mathematical Sciences Faculty Publications

In his book Topics in Analytic Number Theory, Hans Rademacher conjectured that the limits of certain sequences of coefficients that arise in the ordinary partial fraction decomposition of the generating function for partitions of integers into at most N parts exist and equal particular values that he specified. Despite being open for nearly four decades, little progress has been made towards proving or disproving the conjecture, perhaps in part due to the difficulty in actually computing the coefficients in question. In this paper, we present a recurrence (alias difference equation) which provides a fast algorithm for calculating the Rademacher …

The Synthesis And Characterization Of 1,3-Bisphenylsulfonylacetone, 2,5-Dicarboethoxy-3,4-Di(4-Methylphenyl)Cyclopentadienone Dimer, And Dp-Ppv Polymers And Oligomers, Mark Robert Duffy

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An SN2 reaction between 1,3-dichloroacetone and benzenesulfinic acid sodium salt was carried out to produce 1,3-bis(phenylsulfonyl)acetone. A crystal structure for 1,3-bis(phenylsulfonyl)acetone was obtained. The SN2 reaction was followed by a condensation reaction with benzil but this did not yield a condensation product. A photo-active compound, 2,5-dicarboethoxy-3,4-di(4-methylphenyl)cyclopentadienone, was synthesized and was shown to undergo a unique, solid-state dimerization. Several reactions involving the ester functions were carried out but these did not yield the expected products, instead, structural rearrangements seemed to predominate. An asymmetric cyclopentadienone, 2-carbomethoxy-5-methyl-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone, was synthesized and it was reacted with norbornadiene to produce methyl 4-methyl-2,3-diphenylbenzoate. The benzoate was reduced …

Quantitative Analysis Of The Polarity Reversal Pattern Of The Earth's Magnetic Field And Self-Reversing Dynamo Models, Patrick Shane Craig

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The geologic record documents that the Earth's magnetic field has reversed 284 times over the past 160 Myr. This study uses two methods to analyze the scaling properties of the pattern of geomagnetic reversals and to analyze the scaling properties of reversals output by two mathematical self-reversing dynamo models, the Rikitake (1958) two-disk dynamo and the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of Driscoll and Olson (2011). The first analysis method plots the duration versus cumulative probability for geomagnetic polarity intervals ranging between 0.01 and 35 Myr. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic is used to determine the optimal minimum value of xmin at which power …

Palaeoecological Analysis Of The Decline In Stromatolite Abundance During The Ordovician Period, Noran Mhm El-Sherif

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A stromatolite is a laminated benthic microbial deposit. Its uniqueness arises from being present since the Precambrian to the present. Stromatolites recorded a peak time during the Mesoproterozoic, subsequently they witnessed abrupt rises and falls in abundance with the steepest decline in the Ordovician period, from which it never recovered from. There is no consensus yet regarding the reasons behind the decline of stromatolites. Thus the decline of these microbial deposits remains an enigma. Additionally, a literature gap exists regarding the reasons that specifically led to the Ordovician decline. Accordingly, the focus of this literature-based MSc. thesis is to find …

Iodo Containing Sulfone And Sulfonamide Based Poly(Arylene Ether)S, Fadwa G. Constandinidis

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In an ongoing project involving the synthesis of functionalized poly(arylene ether)s that carry pendent phenyl sulfonyl groups, the introduction of an iodo group was desired. The effects of fluorine position on the electrophilic iodination of the 2,4-, 2,6-, and 2,5- and 3,5-isomers of difluorodiphenylsulfone, DFDPS were studied. The relative reactivity, toward EAS, was probed via ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and verified experimentally by iodination with N-iodosuccinimide. The product mixtures and corresponding structures indicated that intermediate stability did not always correlate to reactivity. Model studies were also conducted on DFDPS isomers that successfully carry in iodo groups in a pendent …

Natural Language Document And Event Association Using Stochastic Petri Net Modeling, Michael Thomas Mills

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The purpose of this research is to design and implement a new methodology that captures the natural language understanding of events from English natural language text and model it using Stochastic Petri Nets. To establish a baseline of recent natural language processing (NLP) and understanding (NLU) research, two surveys are presented. One is a general survey in NLP and NLU methodologies for processing multi-documents. It summarizes and presents methodologies in terms of their features, capabilities, and maturity. The second survey focuses on graph-based methods for NL text processing and understanding and analyzes them in terms of their functional descriptions, capabilities …

Computational Modeling Of Graphene Oxide Exfoliation And Lithium Storage Characteristics, Reza Mortezaee

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Graphene oxide is a two dimensional material obtained by adsorption of oxygen or oxygen-containing groups on graphene. Stacked layers of graphene oxide constitute graphite oxide. These materials have various applications such as a source material for graphene production, transport support for electron microscopy, flexible organic photovoltaic cells and use in Li-ion batteries. Generation of exfoliated graphene oxide from a graphite oxide precursor is achieved relatively easily in solution as compared to graphene exfoliation. In this study we investigate the details of the graphene oxide exfoliation procedure in solution by calculating the Gibb's free energies and reaction rates. We consider two …

A Latent Dirichlet Allocation/N-Gram Composite Language Model, Raymond Daniel Kulhanek

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I present a composite language model in which an n-gram language model is integrated with the Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic clustering model. I also describe a parallel architecture that allows this model to be trained over large corpora and present experimental results that show how the composite model compares to a standard n-gram model over corpora of varying size.

Water Level Dynamics Of The North American Great Lakes: Nonlinear Scaling And Fractional Bode Analysis Of A Self-Affine Time Series, Jeffrey Ralph Smigelski

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Time series that exhibit multiple scaling properties in the frequency domain are common in natural systems (e.g., temperature through geologic time). NOAA verified hourly water level data ranging from 20 to 30 years in duration for nine stations in the North American Great Lakes is converted to the frequency domain using a complex discrete fast Fourier transform (FFT) and then expressed as a power spectrum in terms of frequency versus power. To quantify power law scaling behavior, a scaling exponent (β) is determined by fitting a power function to a log-log plot of frequency (f) or …

Copper And Nickel Partitioning With Nanoscale Goethite, Kelsey Marie Danner

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Goethite is an ideal sorbent for investigations of metal partitioning with iron oxyhydroxides because it is the most abundant iron oxyhydroxide in sediments (Langmuir, 1997; van der Zee et al., 2003), and cations have a strong affinity for goethite (Coughlin and Stone, 1995). Steady-state partitioning of nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) to nanoscale goethite (a-FeOOH) was investigated experimentally under conditions intended to be representative of those in natural waters. Manipulated conditions included i) sorbent mass, ii) solute metal concentration, iii) reaction time, iv) pH, v) ionic strength (I), and vi) humate concentration (competitive ligand) to examine how these factors influenced …

Libraries From Libraries Approach To The Synthesis Of Arylidene Oxindoles, Kyle James Knisley

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A libraries from libraries combinatorial chemistry approach was employed to synthesize fluorinated derivatives of both oxindoles and isatins as potential pharmaceuticals or targeting agents for imaging purposes related to cancer or Alzheimer's disease. Synthesis for these fluorinated derivatives are described by routes involving, either: a) N-alkylation of 5-substituted isatins followed by Wolff-Kishner reduction to the corresponding oxindoles and final Knoevenagel condensation with aryl aldehydes, or; b) Wolff-Kishner reduction of the isatins followed by condensation and finishing with the N-alkylation of the aldol products. In specific cases, a click reaction followed the N-alkylation of the aldol products to form the isatin …

Trace Metals In Sediments On The Continental Margin Of The Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Daniel L. Marsh

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Trace metals in the ocean are derived from natural and anthropogenic sources. Despite increased human impact on the marine environment and biological productivity of continental margins, trace metal studies in marine sediments have focused primarily on near-shore regions. I investigated 22 metals in sediments on the continental margin of the northwest Atlantic Ocean to calculate enrichment factors (EF) relative to upper continental crust and identify spatial variations with distance from shore and depth below the sediment-seawater interface. Metals were well correlated with Al, Fe, organic matter, or CaCO3. No clear trends in metal EFs with distance from shore were evident …

A Methodology For Extracting Human Bodies From Still Images, Athanasios Tsitsoulis

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Monitoring and surveillance of humans is one of the most prominent applications of today and it is expected to be part of many future aspects of our life, for safety reasons, assisted living and many others. Many efforts have been made towards automatic and robust solutions, but the general problem is very challenging and remains still open. In this PhD dissertation we examine the problem from many perspectives. First, we study the performance of a hardware architecture designed for large-scale surveillance systems. Then, we focus on the general problem of human activity recognition, present an extensive survey of methodologies that …

Measuring Inconsistency Methods For Evidentiary Value, Fred Cohen

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Many inconsistency analysis methods may be used to detect altered records or statements. But for admission as evidence, the reliability of the method has to be determined and measured. For example, in China, for evidence to be admitted, it has to have 95% certainty of being correct,1 and that certainty must be shown to the court, while in the US, evidence is admitted if it is more probative than prejudicial (a >50% standard).2 In either case, it is necessary to provide a measurement of some sort in order to pass muster under challenges from the other side. And in most …

A Simple Experiment With Microsoft Office 2010 And Windows 7 Utilizing Digital Forensic Methodology, Gregory H. Carlton

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Digital forensic examiners are tasked with retrieving data from digital storage devices, and frequently these examiners are expected to explain the circumstances that led to the data being in its current state. Through written reports or verbal, expert testimony delivered in court, digital forensic examiners are expected to describe whether data have been altered, and if so, then to what extent have data been altered. Addressing these expectations results from opinions digital forensic examiners reach concerning their understanding of electronic storage and retrieval methods. The credibility of these opinions evolves from the scientific basis from which they are drawn using …

How Often Is Employee Anger An Insider Risk I? Detecting And Measuring Negative Sentiment Versus Insider Risk In Digital Communications, Eric Shaw, Maria Payri, Michael Cohn, Ilene R. Shaw

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

This research introduced two new scales for the identification and measurement of negative sentiment and insider risk in communications in order to examine the unexplored relationship between these two constructs. The inter-rater reliability and criterion validity of the Scale of Negativity in Texts (SNIT) and the Scale of Insider Risk in Digital Communications (SIRDC) were established with a random sample of email from the Enron archive and criterion measures from established insiders, disgruntled employees, suicidal, depressed, angry, anxious, and other sampled groups. In addition, the sensitivity of the scales to changes over time as the risk of digital attack increased …

Technology Corner Visualising Forensic Data: Evidence (Part 1), Damian Schofield, Ken Fowle

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Visualisation is becoming increasingly important for understanding information, such as investigative data (for example: computing, medical and crime scene evidence) and analysis (for example: network capability assessment, data file reconstruction and planning scenarios). Investigative data visualisation is used to reconstruct a scene or item and is used to assist the viewer (who may well be a member of the general public with little or no understanding of the subject matter) to understand what is being presented. Analysis visualisations, on the other hand, are usually developed to review data, information and assess competing scenario hypotheses for those who usually have an …

Table Of Contents

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

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