Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Infinite-Noise Criticality: Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions In Fluctuating Environments, Thomas Vojta, José A. Hoyos

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We study the effects of time-varying environmental noise on nonequilibrium phase transitions in spreading and growth processes. Using the examples of the logistic evolution equation as well as the contact process, we show that such temporal disorder gives rise to a distinct type of critical points at which the effective noise amplitude diverges on long time scales. This leads to enormous density fluctuations characterized by an infinitely broad probability distribution at criticality. We develop a real-time renormalization-group theory that provides a general framework for the effects of temporal disorder on nonequilibrium processes. We also discuss how general this exotic critical …

Molybdenum Complexes Of Chiral C2-Symmetric Picchxn-Type Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, And Structural Studies, Rachel R. Bennov, David A. Berko, Samantha A. Burgess, John L. Dimeglio, Et Al., Robert D. Pike

Arts & Sciences Articles

A series of molybdenum complexes based on chiral C2-symmetric picchxn-type ligands (N4 ligands, defined as trans-N,N′-bis(heterocycl-2-ylmethyl)-1,2-diaminocyclohexanes) has been synthesized and characterized. Reported and novel picchxn-type ligands form (κ3-N4)Mo(CO)3, [(κ4-N4)Mo(NO)(CO)]PF6, and [(κ4-N4)Mo(NO)X]PF6 (X = Br, I) compounds. Multiple tridentate (κ3) and tetradentate (κ4) ligand configurations were observed, and the favored κ4 configuration was found to vary with N4 heterocycle identity. Heterocycle variation allowed for directed modification of the molybdenum electronic characteristics, but none of the studied {(κ4-N4)Mo(NO)}+ fragments was found to be a suitable …

2015: "No Safety, Know Pain : Know Safety, No Pain", Brice Wang '16, Joy Qiu '16, Daniel Sohn '16, Angad Garg '16

Distinguished Student Work

In the world we live in today, many people live in urban or suburban areas. For this reason, residents of these metropolitan areas should be aware of the safety of the city they live in so they can take necessary precautions and educate youth about what actions are safe. In addition, judging the safety of a city allows the government of the city to analyze what factors and laws make other cities safer, and how they can replicate these conditions to make their city a safer place as well.

The Founding Of The Robert B. Daugherty Water For Food Institute At The University Of Nebraska

Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Literature

University of Nebraska President J.B. Milliken drove to Omaha in to meet Robert Daugherty at his home. In the living room, the elder Daugherty was surrounded by Mogens Bay, his three sons and a covey of lawyers. Now 88 years old, the businessman had a reputation for being tough-minded and smart, a man who could intimidate, but also surprise with his ready sense of humor. In his long career, Daugherty had transformed agriculture and the rural landscape into the now familiar polka dot pattern, the signature of the center pivot irrigators Daugherty had popularized in the 1970s. He had started …

A Catalog Of Visual-Like Morphologies In The 5 Candels Fields Using Deep Learning, M. Huertas-Company, R. Gravet, G. Cabrera-Vives, Pablo G. Pérez-González, J. Kartaltepe, Guillermo Barro, M. Bernardi, S. Mei, F. Shankar, P. Dimauro, E. F. Bell, Dale D. Kocevski, David C. Koo, Sandra M. Faber, Daniel H. Mcintosh

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present a catalog of visual-like H-band morphologies of ~50.000 galaxies (H_f160w < 24.5) in the 5 CANDELS fields (GOODS-N, GOODS-S, UDS, EGS, and COSMOS). Morphologies are estimated using Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets). The median redshift of the sample is 〈z〉 ~ 1.25. The algorithm is trained on GOODS-S, for which visual classifications are publicly available, and then applied to the other 4 fields. Following the CANDELS main morphology classification scheme, our model retrieves for each galaxy the probabilities of having a spheroid or a disk, presenting an irregularity, being compact or a point source, and being unclassifiable. ConvNets are able to predict the fractions of votes given to a galaxy image with zero bias and ~10% scatter. The fraction of mis-classifications is …

Monte Carlo Comparison Of The Parameter Estimation Methods For The Two-Parameter Gumbel Distribution, Demet Aydin, Birdal Şenoğlu

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The performances of the seven different parameter estimation methods for the Gumbel distribution are compared with numerical simulations. Estimation methods used in this study are the method of moments (ME), the method of maximum likelihood (ML), the method of modified maximum likelihood (MML), the method of least squares (LS), the method of weighted least squares (WLS), the method of percentile (PE) and the method of probability weighted moments (PWM). Performance of the estimators is compared with respect to their biases, MSE and deficiency (Def) values via Monte-Carlo simulation. A Monte Carlo Simulation study showed that the method of PWM was …

Jmasm34: Two Group Program For Cohen's D, Hedges’ G, Η2, Radj2, Ω2, Ɛ2, Confidence Intervals, And Power, David A. Walker

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The purpose of this research is to provide an application for users interested in a SPSS syntax program to determine an array of commonly-employed effect sizes and confidence intervals not readily available in SPSS functionality, such as the standardized mean difference and r-related squared indices, for a between-group design.

Identification And Survival Outcomes Of A Cohort Of Patients With Cancer Of Unknown Primary In Ontario, Canada., Chong S Kim, Malek B Hannouf, Sisira Sarma, George B Rodrigues, Peter K Rogan, Salaheddin M Mahmud, Eric Winquist, Muriel Brackstone, Gregory S Zaric

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

BACKGROUND: Cancer of unknown primary origin (CUP) is defined by the presence of pathologically identified metastatic disease without clinical or radiological evidence of a primary tumour. Our objective was to identify incident cases of CUP in Ontario, Canada, and determine the influence of histology and sites of metastases on overall survival (OS).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used the Ontario Cancer Registry (OCR) and the Same-Day Surgery and Discharge Abstract Database (SDS/DAD) to identify patients diagnosed with CUP in Ontario between 1 January 2000, and 31 December 2005. Patient diagnostic information, including histology and survival data, was obtained from the OCR. …

Waning Influence Of History: Why?, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In the past, history played an important role in education: students learned history of science, history of mathematics, etc. In the last decades, the influence of history has waned. In this paper, we provide a natural explanation for this waning.

Investigation Of Photopolymer-Based Holographic Optical Elements For Solar Applications, Hoda Akbari

Doctoral

The aim of this research was to explore the potential of photopolymer Holographic Optical Elements (HOE) for use in the collection of light from a moving source, such as the sun, and its direction into a fixed detector/convertor for application in solar concentrators. In order to increase the acceptance angle and the wavelength range of operation of the holographic device, low spatial frequency holographic recording was explored. The challenge was to record high diffraction efficiency HOEs at this spatial frequency, since it requires a material with relatively fast monomer diffusion. The acrylamide-based photopolymer developed at the Centre for Industrial and …

Real-Time Supervised Detection Of Pink Areas In Dermoscopic Images Of Melanoma: Importance Of Color Shades, Texture And Location, Ravneet Kaur, P. P. Albano, Justin G. Cole, Jason R. Hagerty, Robert W. Leander, Randy Hays Moss, William V. Stoecker

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Background/Purpose: Early detection of malignant melanoma is an important public health challenge. In the USA, dermatologists are seeing more melanomas at an early stage, before classic melanoma features have become apparent. Pink color is a feature of these early melanomas. If rapid and accurate automatic detection of pink color in these melanomas could be accomplished, there could be significant public health benefits.

Methods: Detection of three shades of pink (light pink, dark pink, and orange pink) was accomplished using color analysis techniques in five color planes (red, green, blue, hue, and saturation). Color shade analysis was performed using a logistic …

Efficient Aerial Data Collection With Uav In Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks, Chengliang Wang, Fei Ma, Junhui Yan, Debraj De, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Data collection from deployed sensor networks can be with static sink, ground-based mobile sink, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) based mobile aerial data collector. Considering the large-scale sensor networks and peculiarity of the deployed environments, aerial data collection based on controllable UAV has more advantages. In this paper, we have designed a basic framework for aerial data collection, which includes the following five components: deployment of networks, nodes positioning, anchor points searching, fast path planning for UAV, and data collection from network. We have identified the key challenges in each of them and have proposed efficient solutions. This includes proposal …

Vol. 14, No. 2 (Full Issue), Jmasm Editors

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

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Resolving The Issue Of How Reliability Is Related To Statistical Power: Adhering To Mathematical Definitions, Donald W. Zimmerman, Bruno D. Zumbo

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Reliability in classical test theory is a population-dependent concept, defined as a ratio of true-score variance and observed-score variance, where observed-score variance is a sum of true and error components. On the other hand, the power of a statistical significance test is a function of the total variance, irrespective of its decomposition into true and error components. For that reason, the reliability of a dependent variable is a function of the ratio of true-score variance and observed-score variance, whereas statistical power is a function of the sum of the same two variances. Controversies about how reliability is related to statistical …

A Robust Panel Unit Root Test In The Presence Of Cross Sectional Dependence, Nurul Sima Mohamad Shariff, Nor Aishah Hamzah

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Problems arise in testing the stationarity of the panel in the presence of cross sectional dependence and outliers. The currently available panel unit root tests are very much affected by the presence of outliers. As such, this article introduces an alternative test which is robust to outliers and cross sectional dependence. The performance and robustness of the proposed test is discussed and comparisons are made to the existing tests via simulation studies.

Statistical Modeling Of Migration Attractiveness Of The Eu Member States, Tatiana Tikhomirova, Yulia Lebedeva

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Identifying the relationship between the migration attractiveness of the European Union countries and their level of socio-economic development is investigated. An approach is proposed identify influences on migration socio-economic characteristics, by aggregating and reducing their diversity, and substantiating the cause-and-effect relationships of the studied phenomenon. A stable classification of countries scheme is developed according to the attractiveness of migration on aggregate factors, and then an econometric model of a binary choice using panel data for 2008-2010 was applying, quantifying the impact of aggregate designed factors on immigration and emigration.

Excess Mid-Infrared Flux: An Indicator Of Mass Loss In Cepheids?, Edward G. Schmidt

Edward Schmidt Publications

Spectral energy distributions for 132 classical and type II Cepheids were searched for evidence of excess flux above the photospheric level in the mid-infrared. Eight of them were found to have unambiguously strong excess emission while a further 13 showed evidence of weak emission. The presence of emission appears to be unrelated to either the pulsational amplitude or the effective temperature while strong emission is limited to stars with periods longer than 11 days, with a single exception. For the stars with strong emission we attempted to fit the energy distribution with a stellar wind model. No acceptable fit could …

Spin-Fluctuation Mechanism Of Anomalous Temperature Dependence Of Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy In Itinerant Magnets, I. A. Zhuravlev, V. P. Antropov, K. D. Belashchenko

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The origins of the anomalous temperature dependence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in (Fe_1−xCo_x)₂B alloys are elucidated using first-principles calculations within the disordered local moment model. Excellent agreement with experimental data is obtained. The anomalies are associated with the changes in band occupations due to Stoner-like band shifts and with the selective suppression of spin-orbit “hot spots” by thermal spin fluctuations. Under certain conditions, the anisotropy can increase, rather than decrease, with decreasing magnetization due to these peculiar electronic mechanisms, which contrast starkly with those assumed in existing models.

The Stripe 82 Massive Galaxy Project. I. Catalog Construction, Kevin Bundy, Alexie Leauthaud, Shun Saito, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Stripe 82 Massive Galaxy Catalog (S82-MGC) is the largest-volume stellar mass-limited sample of galaxies beyond z ≈ 0.1 constructed to date. Spanning 139.4 deg², the S82-MGC includes a mass-limited sample of 41,770 galaxies with log M_*/M_⊙ ≳ 11.2 to z ≈ 0.7, sampling a volume of 0.3 Gpc³, roughly equivalent to the volume of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-I/II (SDSS-I/II) z < 0.15 main sample. The catalog is built on three pillars of survey data: the SDSS Stripe 82 Coadd photometry which reaches r-band magnitudes of ∼23.5 AB, Y JHK photometry at depths of 20th magnitude (AB) from the UK Infrared Deep Sky Survey Large Area Survey, and over 70,000 spectroscopic galaxy redshifts from the SDSS-I/II and the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. We describe the catalog construction and verification, the production of 9-band matched aperture photometry, tests of existing and newly estimated photometric redshifts required to supplement spectroscopic redshifts for 55% of the log M_*/M_⊙ ≳ 11.2 sample, and geometric masking. We provide near-IR based stellar mass estimates and compare these to previous estimates. All catalog products are made publicly available. The S82-MGC …

Skew Row-Strict Quasisymmetric Schur Functions, Sarah K. Mason, Elizabeth Niese

Mathematics Faculty Research

Mason and Remmel introduced a basis for quasisymmetric functions known as the row-strict quasisymmetric Schur functions. This basis is generated combinatorially by fillings of composition diagrams that are analogous to the row-strict tableaux that generate Schur functions. We introduce a modification known as Young row-strict quasisymmetric Schur functions, which are generated by row-strict Young composition fillings. After discussing basic combinatorial properties of these functions, we define a skew Young row-strict quasisymmetric Schur function using the Hopf algebra of quasisymmetric functions and then prove this is equivalent to a combinatorial description. We also provide a decomposition of the skew Young row-strict …

Cvic: Cluster Validation Using Instance-Based Confidences, Dean M. Lebaron

Theses and Dissertations

As unlabeled data becomes increasingly available, the need for robust data mining techniques increases as well. Clustering is a common data mining tool which seeks to find related, independent patterns in data called clusters. The cluster validation problem addresses the question of how well a given clustering fits the data set. We present CVIC (cluster validation using instance-based confidences) which assigns confidence scores to each individual instance, as opposed to more traditional methods which focus on the clusters themselves. CVIC trains supervised learners to recreate the clustering, and instances are scored based on output from the learners which corresponds to …

Development And Validation Of A Physically Based Ela Model And Its Application To The Younger Dryas Event In The Graubünden Alps, Switzerland, Durban Gregg Keeler

Theses and Dissertations

The rapid rate of global warming currently underway highlights the need for a deeper understanding of abrupt climate change. The Younger Dryas is a Late-Glacial climate event of widespread and unusually rapid change whose study can help us address this need for increased understanding. Reconstructions from the glacial record offer important contributions to our understanding of the Younger Dryas due to (among other things) the direct physical response of glaciers to even minor perturbations in climate. Because the glacier equilibrium line altitude (ELA) provides a more explicit comparison of climate than properties such as glacier length or area, ELA methods …

Filters And Matrix Factorization, Myung-Sin Song, Palle E. T. Jorgensen

SIUE Faculty Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity

We give a number of explicit matrix-algorithms for analysis/synthesis

in multi-phase filtering; i.e., the operation on discrete-time signals which

allow a separation into frequency-band components, one for each of the

ranges of bands, say N , starting with low-pass, and then corresponding

filtering in the other band-ranges. If there are N bands, the individual

filters will be combined into a single matrix action; so a representation of

the combined operation on all N bands by an N x N matrix, where the

corresponding matrix-entries are periodic functions; or their extensions to

functions of a complex variable. Hence our setting entails …

Explaining Boris Pasternak's Observation That Complex Ideas Are Sometimes Easier To Understand, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Probably the most cited lines from the poetry of the Nobel-prize winning Russian writer Boris Pasternak contain the observation that complex ideas are sometimes easier to understand than simpler ones. This is not just a paradoxical poetic statement: many teachers have observed the same seemingly counter-intuitive phenomenon. In this paper, we provide a possible explanation for this phenomenon, by showing that indeed, many easier-to-describe mathematical models lead to more-difficult-to-solve mathematical problems.

General Formalism For Singly-Thermostated Hamiltonian Dynamics, John D. Ramshaw

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

A general formalism is developed for constructing modified Hamiltonian dynamical systems which preserve a canonical equilibrium distribution by adding a time evolution equation for a single additional thermostat variable. When such systems are ergodic, canonical ensemble averages can be computed as dynamical time averages over a single trajectory. Systems of this type were unknown until their recent discovery by Hoover and colleagues. The present formalism should facilitate the discovery, construction, and classification of other such systems by encompassing a wide class of them within a single unified framework. This formalism includes both canonical and generalized Hamiltonian systems in a state …

Preparation And Preliminary Dielectric Characterization Of Structured C60-Thiol-Ene Polymer Nanocomposites Assembled Using The Thiol-Ene Click Reaction, Hanaa Mohammed Ahmed, Amber Danielle Windham, Maryam M. Al-Ejji, Noora H. Al-Qahtani, Mohammad K. Hassan, Kenneth A. Mauritz, Randy K. Buchanan, J. Paige Buchanan

Faculty Publications

Fullerene-containing materials have the ability to store and release electrical energy. Therefore, fullerenes may ultimately find use in high-voltage equipment devices or as super capacitors for high electric energy storage due to this ease of manipulating their excellent dielectric properties and their high volume resistivity. A series of structured fullerene (C₆₀) polymer nanocomposites were assembled using the thiol-ene click reaction, between alkyl thiols and allyl functionalized C₆₀ derivatives. The resulting high-density C₆₀-urethane-thiol-ene (C₆₀-Thiol-Ene) networks possessed excellent mechanical properties. These novel networks were characterized using standard techniques, including infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry …

The Heart Failure Overweight/Obesity Survival Paradox : The Missing Sex Link, Amanda R. Vest, Yuping Wu, Roy Hachamovitch, James B. Young, Leslie Cho

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Objectives: This study sought to determine whether body mass index (BMI) has a differential impact on survival for females versus males with advanced systolic heart failure (HF). Background: Females have a survival advantage in HF, the mechanisms of which are unclear. There is also a proposed “obesity survival paradox” in which excess adiposity promotes HF survival. Methods: We reviewed 3,811 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% who had undergone cardiopulmonary exercise testing between 1995 and 2011. The endpoint was all-cause mortality. Multivariable analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Because of the nonlinearity of BMI, a restricted …

Generating All Finite Modular Lattices Of A Given Size, Peter Jipsen, Nathan Lawless

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Modular lattices, introduced by R. Dedekind, are an important subvariety of lattices that includes all distributive lattices. Heitzig and Reinhold [8] developed an algorithm to enumerate, up to isomorphism, all finite lattices up to size 18. Here we adapt and improve this algorithm to construct and count modular lattices up to size 24, semimodular lattices up to size 22, and lattices of size 19. We also show that 2 ⁿ⁻³ is a lower bound for the number of nonisomorphic modular lattices of size n.

Existence Of Homoclinic Solutions For Second Order Difference Equations With P-Laplacian, John R. Graef, Lingju Kong, Min Wang

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

Using the variational method and critical point theory, the authors study the existence of infinitely many homoclinic solutions to the difference equation described in the paper.

3d Geometric Morphometrics In Modern And Extinct Foot-Propelled Diving Birds: An Evaluation Of The Tarsometatarsus For Species Identification, Mackenzie E. Kirchner-Smith

Master's Theses

Hesperornithiformes (Aves: Ornithurae) were flightless foot-propelled diving birds that lived during the Late Cretaceous and have a good fossil record compared to most Mesozoic birds. Extinct taxa are often identified using fragmentary or isolated specimens, and several species of Hesperornis have been named from the morphology of the tarsometatarsus, often relying on size for taxonomic differentiation. However, little has been done to examine intraspecific variation in this bone and evaluate its use for taxonomic identification. To test for intraspecific and interspecific variation in the tarsometatarsus of hesperornithiforms, variation in extant members of the foot-propelled diving Gaviidae (loons) and Podicipedidae (grebes) …