Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Capturing Species-Level Drought Responses In A Temperate Deciduous Forest Using Ratios Of Photochemical Reflectance Indices Between Sunlit And Shaded Canopies, Taehee Hwang, Hamed Gholizadeh, Daniel A. Sims, Kimberly A. Novick, Edward R. Brzostek, Richard P. Phillips, Daniel T. Roman, Scott M. Robeson, Abdullah F. Rahman

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Highlights

• We examine capability of spectral indices to capture isohydric/anisohydric behavior.

• We used both in-situ spectral measurements and multi-angle MODIS images.

• Only PRI could capture species-level drought responses.

• This study presents a step forward to directly mapping emergent isohydricity.

Abstract

To classify trees along a spectrum of isohydric to anisohydric behavior is a promising new framework for identifying tree species' sensitivities to drought stress, directly related to the vulnerability of carbon uptake of terrestrial ecosystems with increased hydroclimate variability. Trees with isohydric strategies regulate stomatal conductance to maintain stationary leaf water potential, while trees with anisohydric strategies allow leaf …

A Novel Method For The Quantitative Analysis Of Behavior, Alessandro Tripoli

Post & Beyond

A Novel Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Behavior

A novel data analysis method was developed and conducted on data

collected in an earlier behavioral experiment. The data were re-analyzed

in the present study by compiling the data into paired serial rank order

(PSRO). Thus, in the first session, a pair of animals, a control animal and a

experimental animal, were selected because both had the lowest number

of errors in their group for that session. Then, the next pair of animals with

the second best performance were compared, then the third best pair were

compared, etc. PSRO analysis was …

Dry Reforming Of Methane With Co2 Over Supported Fe-Ni Bimetallic And Fe-Ni-Mo Trimetallic Heterogeneous Catalysts, Alessandro Tripoli

Post & Beyond

Bimetallic and Fe-Ni-Mo Trimetallic Heterogeneous Catalysts

Global warming has become an issue concerning the emission of CO₂

which is a greenhouse gas. Methane is a major component of natural gas

which is inexpensive and very attainable. Combining CO₂ and CH₄ in a

single process to produce value added chemicals is very desirable. The

primary objective of this study is to develop novel iron based catalysts to

enhance the reaction of CO₂ with CH₄. The heterogeneous Fe-based bimetallic

and trimetallic catalysts were synthesized via a wet incipient impregnation

method to uniformly coat the metal salts …

Simplified Model Of Spectral Absorption By Non-Algal Particles And Dissolved Organic Materials In Aquatic Environments, B. B. Cael, Emmanuel Boss

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

© 2017 Optical Society of America. Absorption by non-algal particles (NAP, ad) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM, ag) are frequently modeled by exponential functions of wavelength, either separately or as a sum. We present a new representation of NAP-plus-CDOM absorption adg based on the stretched exponential function adg(λ) = Aexp{−[s(λ − λo)]β}, whose parameter β can be considered a measure of optical heterogeneity. A double exponential representation of adg can be fit extremely well by a stretched exponential for all plausible parameter combinations, despite having one fewer free parameter than a double exponential. Fitting two published compilations of in …

Differentiating The Impact Of Nitrogen Chemical States On Optical Properties Of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots, Timothy Pillar-Little, Doo Young Kim

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The optical properties of top-down synthesized oxidized graphene quantum dots (ox-GQDs) and nitrogen-incorporating graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) along a range of hydrothermal treatment temperatures were observed. By controlling the hydrothermal treatment temperature, different chemical states of nitrogen atoms were incorporated into GQDs. Below 150 °C, edge-terminating amines and amides dominated the nitrogen content of N-GQDs. Above 150 °C, nitrogen was primarily present in the forms of pyridinic, pyrrolic and quaternary N. In addition to the absorbance and emission profiles of ox-GQDs and N-GQDs, pH-dependent emission spectra were collected to probe chemical states of nitrogen atoms and investigate the relationship between …

Gw170817: Observation Of Gravitational Waves From A Binary Neutron Star Inspiral, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, Marc Favata, Shaon Ghosh, Rodica Martin

Department of Physics and Astronomy Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

On August 17, 2017 at 12-41:04 UTC the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave detectors made their first observation of a binary neutron star inspiral. The signal, GW170817, was detected with a combined signal-to-noise ratio of 32.4 and a false-alarm-rate estimate of less than one per 8.0×104 years. We infer the component masses of the binary to be between 0.86 and 2.26 M, in agreement with masses of known neutron stars. Restricting the component spins to the range inferred in binary neutron stars, we find the component masses to be in the range 1.17-1.60 M, with the total mass of …

Diurnal And Seasonal Variation In Groundwater Nitrate -N Concentration In A Saturated Buffer Zone, Joseph Miller

Theses and Dissertations

Surface water pollution by nitrate (NO3-) is identified as a critical problem in agricultural land-use areas. Excess NO3- loading causes eutrophication and hypoxia in near-shore marine waters such as the Gulf of Mexico. Diversion of agricultural runoff into saturated buffer zones reduces NO3- loading. Although the mechanisms responsible for NO3- reduction in saturated buffer zones are well characterized, little is known about how NO3- concentrations vary temporally and what factors control those changes. The objective of this study is to understand NO3- concentration and environmental factor variability in a saturated buffer zone on a diurnal scale within and among the …

Phylogeny Analysis From Gene-Order Data With Massive Duplications, Lingxi Zhou, Yu Ling, Bing Feng, Jieyi Zhao, Jijun Tang

Faculty Publications

Background: Gene order changes, under rearrangements, insertions, deletions and duplications, have been used as a new type of data source for phylogenetic reconstruction. Because these changes are rare compared to sequence mutations, they allow the inference of phylogeny further back in evolutionary time. There exist many computational methods for the reconstruction of gene-order phylogenies, including widely used maximum parsimonious methods and maximum likelihood methods. However, both methods face challenges in handling large genomes with many duplicated genes, especially in the presence of whole genome duplication.

Methods: In this paper, we present three simple yet powerful methods based on maximum-likelihood (ML) …

On The Dawn-Dusk Asymmetry Of The Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability Between 2007 And 2013, Z. W. Henry, K. Nykyri, T. W. Moore, A. P. Dimmock, X. Ma

Publications

Using data from Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS), a statistical study was performed to determine whether a dawn-dusk asymmetry exists in the occurrence rates of the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability during Parker-Spiral (PS) and Ortho-Parker-Spiral (OPS) orientations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). It is determined from the data that there is a strong preference toward the dawn side during PS orientation, and although a preference to the dusk side during OPS is suggested, this requires further study for an unambiguous confirmation. The uncertainty in the OPS result is due to a low number of events …

Gw170817: Observation Of Gravitational Waves From A Binary Neutron Star Inspiral, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Afrough, B. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, S. V. Angelova, S. Antier

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

On August 17, 2017 at 12-41:04 UTC the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave detectors made their first observation of a binary neutron star inspiral. The signal, GW170817, was detected with a combined signal-to-noise ratio of 32.4 and a false-alarm-rate estimate of less than one per 8.0×104 years. We infer the component masses of the binary to be between 0.86 and 2.26 M, in agreement with masses of known neutron stars. Restricting the component spins to the range inferred in binary neutron stars, we find the component masses to be in the range 1.17-1.60 M, with the total mass of …

Acoustic And Seismic Fields Of Hydraulic Jumps At Varying Froude Numbers, Timothy J. Ronan, Jonathan M. Lees, T. Dylan Mikesell, Jacob F. Anderson, Jeffrey B. Johnson

Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Mechanisms that produce seismic and acoustic wavefields near rivers are poorly understood because of a lack of observations relating temporally dependent river conditions to the near-river seismoacoustic fields. This controlled study at the Harry W. Morrison Dam (HWMD) on the Boise River, Idaho, explores how temporal variation in fluvial systems affects surrounding acoustic and seismic fields. Adjusting the configuration of the HWMD changed the river bathymetry and therefore the form of the standing wave below the dam. The HWMD was adjusted to generate four distinct wave regimes that were parameterized through their dimensionless Froude numbers (Fr) and …

Quantifying The Role Of Education On Behavior Programs, Eugene Cordero, Diana Centeno, Anne Marie Todd

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Presidential Job Approval Rating Analysis Through Social Media, Subramanian Venkataraman, Subramanian Venkataraman

Dissertations and Theses

The aim of this study is to identify patterns in President Trump’s approval in the

Twitter universe through Social Media and Sentiment Analysis, and compare

against scientific polling to get meaningful insights on the limitations of Social

Media Analytics. For the purposes for this exercise, results from scientific polling

will be considered the true measure of approval, and will be used as control. In

order to perform sentiment analysis, we have used supervisory learning using

Naive Bayes Classifier algorithm which produced 0.862667 accuracy levels.

Baryons Still Trace Dark Matter: Probing Cmb Lensing Maps For Hidden Isocurvature, Tristan L. Smith, J. B. Muñoz, Rhiannon Smith , '17, Kyle Yee , '19, D. Grin

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

Compensated isocurvature perturbations (CIPs) are primordial fluctuations that balance baryon and dark-matter isocurvature to leave the total matter density unperturbed. The effects of CIPs on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies are similar to those produced by weak lensing of the CMB: smoothing of the power spectrum and generation of non-Gaussian features. Here, an entirely new CIP contribution to the standard estimator for the lensing-potential power spectrum is derived. Planck measurements of the temperature and polarization power spectrum, as well as estimates of CMB lensing, are used to place limits on the variance of the CIP fluctuations on CMB scales, …

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Vuv Optical Properties Of Rare Earth Doped Ypo4 Prepared By Different Routes, Zachary Way, Maxwell K. Wallace, Anthony L. Diaz

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

The optical properties of nanocrystalline YPO₄:Ln³⁺ (Ln = Eu, Sm, Tb) prepared via co-precipitation are compared to larger crystallites of YPO₄:Ln³⁺ prepared via traditional solid state reaction. In larger crystals (~330 nm) a distinct peak is observed at 150 nm in the excitation spectra, the intensity of which decreases markedly in smaller crystals (~20 nm). Using excitation and reflectance spectroscopy, host–to–activator energy transfer efficiencies were calculated for Y_1-xPO₄:Ln_x³⁺ (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.10). From the transfer efficiency data, we estimate that trapping by Eu³⁺ and Sm^{3+ …}

A Numerical Investigation On Tidal And Gravity Wave Contributions To The Summer Time Na Variations In The Midlatitude E Region, Xuguang Cai, Tao Yuan, J. Vincent Eccles

All Physics Faculty Publications

The Na density variations in the E region have been studied over the past few decades. Although considerable progress in understanding and in modeling the metal layer observations has been made, Na density features above 100 km have yet to be explained. Various studies have linked them to the Na⁺variations, a major reservoir for Na in E region. But the lack of comprehensive modeling investigations and of wind and temperature observations prevents further understanding on this important ion‐neutral coupling topic. In this study, we conduct a numerical simulation on the summer time Na density behavior in the midlatitude …

Knotty Inflation And The Dimensionality Of Spacetime, Arjun Berera, Roman V. Buniy, Thomas W. Kephart, Heinrich Päs, João G. Rosa

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We suggest a structure for the vacuum comprised of a network of tightly knotted/linked flux tubes formed in a QCD-like cosmological phase transition and show that such a network can drive cosmological inflation. As the network can be topologically stable only in three space dimensions, this scenario provides a dynamical explanation for the existence of exactly three large spatial dimensions in our Universe.

Using Tablet Technologies To Engage And Motivate Urban High School Students, Nicol R. Howard, Keith Howard

Education Faculty Articles and Research

In this two-year study, researchers examined the impact of using tablet technologies across content areas in an urban high school setting. Class observations provided notable examples of how student motivation and learning appeared to be enhanced by use of the iPads in conjunction with opportunities to collaborate and be creative in the context of their learning. Interviews from a set of teachers with a range of classroom teaching experience provided multiple perspectives of the program’s impact. The opportunity for teachers and students to have the flexibility to select the apps they believe achieve curricular and/or learning goals supports the shift …

On The Interaction Of Object-Oriented Design Patterns And Programming Languages, Gerald Baumgartner, Konstantin Laufer, Vernon J. Rego

Konstantin Läufer

No abstract provided.

Experiences With Scala Across The College-Level Curriculum, Konstantin Läufer, George K. Thiruvathukal, Mark C. Lewis

Konstantin Läufer

Various hybrid-functional languages, designed to balance compile-time error detection, conciseness, and performance, have emerged. Scala, e.g., is interoperable with Java and has become an early leader in adoption, especially in the start-up and open-source spaces. As educators, we have recognized Scala’s value as a teaching language across the CS curriculum. In CS1, the read-eval-print loop and simple, uniform syntax aid programming in the small. In CS2, higher-order methods allow concise, efficient manipulation of collections. In a programming languages course, advanced constructs facilitate the separation of concerns, program representation and interpretation, and concurrent programming. In advanced applied courses, language mechanisms and …

Moving Academic Department Functions To Social Networks And Clouds: Initial Experiences, George K. Thiruvathukal, Konstantin Läufer, David Dennis

Konstantin Läufer

The ability to move locally hosted services to cloud-based technologies is a key element in the scientific programming toolbox.

Spring­11: Pdc In Cs1/2 And A Mobile/Cloud Intermediate Mobile/Cloud Intermediate Software Design Course, Joseph P. Kaylor, Konstantin Läufer, Chandra N. Sekharan, George K. Thiruvathukal

Konstantin Läufer

Recent changes in the environment of Loyola University Chicago’s Department of Computer Science include a better differentiation of our four undergraduate majors, growing interest in computing among science majors, and an increased demand for graduates with mobile and cloud skills. In our continued effort to incorporate parallel and distributed computing topics into the undergraduate curriculum, we are focusing on these three existing courses: CS1: In response to a request from the physics department, we started to offer a CS1 section aimed at majors in physics and other hard sciences this spring semester. This section includes some material on numerical methods …

Software Metrics And Dashboard, Shilpika Shilpika, George K. Thiruvathukal, Saulo Aguiar, Konstantin Läufer, Nicholas J. Hayward

Konstantin Läufer

Software metrics are a critical tool which provide continuous insight to products and processes and help build reliable software in mission critical environments. Using software metrics we can perform calculations that help assess the effectiveness of the underlying software or process. The two types of metrics relevant to our work is complexity metrics and in-process metrics. Complexity metrics tend to focus on intrinsic code properties like code complexity. In-process metrics focus on a higher-level view of software quality, measuring information that can provide insight into the underlying software development process.

Our aim is to develop and evaluate a metrics dashboard …

Towards Sustainable Digital Humanities Software, George K. Thiruvathukal, Shilpika Shilpika, Nicholas J. Hayward, Saulo Aguiar, Konstantin Läufer

Konstantin Läufer

Our work in software quality for digital humanities was borne of an effort to address sustainable practices in scientific software development, where the speaker (Thiruvathukal) co-authored a position paper on the case for software engineering in scientific software development as part of an all-encompassing strategy to create more sustainable scientific software (an example of a well-known scientific software package is LINPACK). In this position paper, we addressed how “progress in scientific research is dependent on the quality and accessibility of software at all levels". This progress depends on embracing the best traditional--and emergent--practices in software engineering, especially agile practices that …

Building Capable, Energy-Efficient, Flexible Visualization And Sensing Clusters From Commodity Tablets, Thomas Delgado Dias, Xian Yan, Konstantin Läufer, George K. Thiruvathukal

Konstantin Läufer

We explore the application of clusters of commodity tablet devices to problems spanning a “trilogy” of concerns: visualization, sensing, and computation. We conjecture that such clusters provide a low-cost, energy-efficient, flexible, and ultimately effective platform to tackle a wide range of problems within this trilogy. This is a work in progress, and we now elaborate our position and give a preliminary status report. A wide range of Android tablet devices are available in terms of price and capabilities. “You get what you pay for” w.r.t. display resolution, sensors, and chipset---corresponding to the trilogy. $200 gets one a 1280x800-pixel touch display, …

Metrics Dashboard Services: A Framework For Analyzing Free/Open Source Team Repositories, Shilpika Shilpika, George K. Thiruvathukal, Nicholas Hayward, Konstantin Läufer

Konstantin Läufer

No abstract provided.

Filesystems: Addressing The Last-Mile “Problem” In Services-Oriented/Cloud Computing, George K. Thiruvathukal, Joseph P. Kaylor, Konstantin Läufer

Konstantin Läufer

We have designed and implemented RestFS, a software framework that provides a uniform, configurable connector layer for mapping remote web-based resources to local filesystem-based resources, recognizing the similarity between these two types of resources. Such mappings enable programmatic access to a resource, as well as composition of two or more resources, through the local operating system’s standard filesystem application programming interface (API), script-able file-based command-line utilities, and interprocess communication (IPC) mechanisms. The framework supports automatic and manual authentication.

As part of this talk, we demonstrate a new filesystem that interfaces to the SketchFab.com service to support 3D model visualization. For …

A Polyglot Approach To Bioinformatics Data Integration: A Phylogenetic Analysis Of Hiv-1, Steven Reisman, Thomas Hatzopoulous, Konstantin Läufer, George K. Thiruvathukal, Catherine Putonti

Konstantin Läufer

As sequencing technologies continue to drop in price and increase in throughput, new challenges emerge for the management and accessibility of genomic sequence data. We have developed a pipeline for facilitating the storage, retrieval, and subsequent analysis of molecular data, integrating both sequence and metadata. Taking a polyglot approach involving multiple languages, libraries, and persistence mechanisms, sequence data can be aggregated from publicly available and local repositories. Data are exposed in the form of a RESTful web service, formatted for easy querying, and retrieved for downstream analyses. As a proof of concept, we have developed a resource for annotated HIV-1 …

Design And Implementation Of Triveni: A Process-Algebraic Api For Threads + Events, Christopher P. Colby, Lalita Jategaonkar Jagaeesan, Radhakrishnan Jagadeesan, Konstantin Laufer, Carlos Puchol

Konstantin Läufer

We describe Triveni, a framework and API for integrating threads and events. The design of Triveni is based on an algebra, including preemption combinators, of processes. Triveni is compatible with existing threads standards, such as Pthreads and Java threads, and with the event models structured on the Observer pattern. We describe the software architecture and algorithms underlying a concrete implementation of Triveni in Java. This environment includes specification based testing of safety properties. The results described in the paper have been used to integrate process-algebraic methods into (concurrent) object orientated programming.