Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Utility Of Bioenergetics Modelling In Quantifying Predation Rates Of Marine Apex Predators: Ecological And Fisheries Implications, A. Barnett, M. Braccini, C. L. Dudgeon, N. L. Payne, K. G. Abrantes, M. Sheaves, E. P. Snelling

Fisheries Research Articles

Predators play a crucial role in the structure and function of ecosystems. However, the magnitude of this role is often unclear, particularly for large marine predators, as predation rates are difficult to measure directly. If relevant biotic and abiotic parameters can be obtained, then bioenergetics modelling offers an alternative approach to estimating predation rates, and can provide new insights into ecological processes. We integrate demographic and ecological data for a marine apex predator, the broadnose sevengill shark Notorynchus cepedianus, with energetics data from the literature, to construct a bioenergetics model to quantify predation rates on key fisheries species in …

Observation And Modeling Of Gravity Wave Propagation Through Reflection And Critical Layers Above Andes Lidar Observatory At Cerro Pachón, Chile, Bing Cao, Christopher J. Heale, Yafang Guo, Alan Z. Liu, Jonathan B. Snively

Jonathan B. Snively

A complex gravity wave event was observed from 04:30 to 08:10 UTC on 16 January 2015 by a narrow-band sodium lidar and an all-sky airglow imager located at Andes Lidar Observatory (ALO) in Cerro Pachón (30.25∘S, 70.73∘W), Chile. The gravity wave packet had a period of 18–35 min and a horizontal wavelength of about 40–50 km. Strong enhancements of the vertical wind perturbation, exceeding10 m s−1, were found at ∼90 km and ∼103 km, consistent with nearly evanescent wave behavior near a reflection layer. A reduction in vertical wavelength was found as the phase speed approached the background wind speed …

Numerical Modeling Of A Multiscale Gravity Wave Event And Its Airglow Signatures Over Mount Cook, New Zealand, During The Deepwave Campaign, C. J. Heale, K. Bossert, J. B. Snively, D. C. Fritts, P. -D. Pautet, M. J. Taylor

Jonathan B. Snively

A 2-D nonlinear compressible model is used to simulate a large-amplitude, multiscale mountain wave event over Mount Cook, NZ, observed as part of the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) campaign and to investigate its observable signatures in the hydroxyl (OH) layer. The campaign observed the presence of a �x = 200 km mountain wave as part of the 22nd research flight with amplitudes of >20 K in the upper stratosphere that decayed rapidly at airglow heights. Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) showed the presence of small-scale (25–28 km) waves within the warm phase of the large mountain wave. The …

Nonlinear Ionospheric Responses To Large-Amplitude Infrasonic-Acoustic Waves Generated By Undersea Earthquakes, M. D. Zettergren, J. B. Snively, A. Komjathy, O. P. Verkhoglyadova

Jonathan B. Snively

Numerical models of ionospheric coupling with the neutral atmosphere are used to investigate perturbations of plasma density, vertically integrated total electron content (TEC), neutral velocity, and neutral temperature associated with large-amplitude acoustic waves generated by the initial ocean surface displacements from strong undersea earthquakes. A simplified source model for the 2011 Tohoku earthquake is constructed from estimates of initial ocean surface responses to approximate the vertical motions over realistic spatial and temporal scales. Resulting TEC perturbations from modeling case studies appear consistent with observational data, reproducing pronounced TEC depletions which are shown to be a consequence of the impacts of …

Using Bayesian Networks To Forecast Barrier Island Geomorphology And Impacts To Piping Plover Habitat Due To Sea-Level Rise, Ben Gutierrez

Sustainability Seminar Series

The ability to evaluate the impact of sea-level rise (SLR) on coastal landforms and habitats is important for informing management and policy decisions. A particular area of concern exists along the east coast of the United States, where the evolution of barrier islands over the remainder of the 21st century and beyond will require management and policy decisions in order to effectively balance human development demands and the protection of habitat quality. We developed methods to evaluate the evolution of barrier islands and associated habitat changes for piping plovers (Charadrius melodus), a threatened species that relies on beach and barrier …

New Gps Time Series Analysis And A Simplified Model To Compute An Accurate Seasonal Amplitude Of Tropospheric Delay, Hadis Samadi Alinia

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Horizontal and vertical deformation of the Earth’s crust is due to a variety of different geophysical processes that take place on various spatiotemporal scales. The quality of the observations from spaced-based geodesy instruments such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) data for monitoring these deformations are dependent on numerous error sources. Therefore, accurately identifying and eliminating the dominant sources of the error, such as troposphere error in GPS signals, is fundamental to obtain high quality, sub-centimeter accuracy levels in positioning results.

In this work, I present the results of double-differenced processing of five years …

Persistent Organic Pollutants And Mortality In The United States, Nhanes 1999-2011., Kristiann Fry, Melinda C Power

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Background

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are environmentally and biologically persistent chemicals that include polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine (OC) pesticides. Currently, data on the associations between exposure to POPs and the risk of mortality in the U.S. population is limited.

Our objective was to determine if higher exposure to POPs is associated with greater risk of all-cause, cancer, heart/cerebrovascular disease, or other-cause mortality.

Methods

Analyses included participants aged 60 years and older from the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). We included 483 participants for analyses of PBDEs, 1043 …

What Controls Variation In Carbon Use Efficiency Among Amazonian Tropical Forests?, Christopher E. Doughty, Gregory R. Goldsmith, Nicolas Raab, Cecile A. J. Girardin, Filio Farfan-Amezquita, Walter Huaraca-Huasco, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Antonio C. L. Da Costa, Wanderley Rocha, David Galbraith, Patrick Meir, Dan B. Metcalfe, Yadvinder Malhi

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Why do some forests produce biomass more efficiently than others? Variations in Carbon Use Efficiency (CUE: total Net Primary Production (NPP)/ Gross Primary Production (GPP)) may be due to changes in wood residence time (Biomass/NPP_wood), temperature, or soil nutrient status. We tested these hypotheses in 14, one ha plots across Amazonian and Andean forests where we measured most key components of net primary production (NPP: wood, fine roots, and leaves) and autotrophic respiration (R_a; wood, rhizosphere, and leaf respiration). We found that lower fertility sites were less efficient at producing biomass and had higher rhizosphere respiration, …

Height Transitions, Shape Evolution, And Coarsening Of Equilibrating Quantum Nanoislands, Mikhail Khenner

Mathematics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Peremajaan Kebun Rakyat, Antara Sumsel

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Applying A Resources Framework To Analysis Of The Force And Motion Conceptual Evaluation, Trevor I. Smith, Michael C. Wittmann

Trevor I. Smith

We suggest one redefinition of common clusters of questions used to analyze student responses on the Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation. Our goal is to propose a methodology that moves beyond an analysis of student learning defined by correct responses, either on the overall test or on clusters of questions defined solely by content. We use the resources framework theory of learning to define clusters within this experimental test that was designed without the resources framework in mind. We take special note of the contextual and representational dependence of questions with seemingly similar physics content. We analyze clusters in ways …

Student Understanding Of Taylor Series Expansions In Statistical Mechanics, Trevor I. Smith, John R. Thompson, Donald B. Mountcastle

Trevor I. Smith

One goal of physics instruction is to have students learn to make physical meaning of specific mathematical expressions, concepts, and procedures in different physical settings. As part of research investigating student learning in statistical physics, we are developing curriculum materials that guide students through a derivation of the Boltzmann factor using a Taylor series expansion of entropy. Using results from written surveys, classroom observations, and both individual think-aloud and teaching interviews, we present evidence that many students can recognize and interpret series expansions, but they often lack fluency in creating and using a Taylor series appropriately, despite previous exposures in …

Comparing Three Methods For Teaching Newton’S Third Law, Trevor I. Smith, Michael C. Wittmann

Trevor I. Smith

Although guided-inquiry methods for teaching introductory physics have been individually shown to be more effective at improving conceptual understanding than traditional lecture-style instruction, researchers in physics education have not studied differences among reform-based curricula in much detail. Several researchers have developed University of Washington–style tutorial materials, but the different curricula have not been compared against each other. Our study examines three tutorials designed to improve student understanding of Newton’s third law: the University of Washington’s Tutorials in Introductory Physics (TIP), the University of Maryland’s Activity-Based Tutorials (ABT), and the Open Source Tutorials (OST) also developed at the University of Maryland. …

Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques To Aid In A Sports Index Construction, Tiffany Kelly

Mathematics Colloquium Series

Within a quantitative career, you are/will soon be challenged to create an overall value to explain a situational status. For example, socio-economic status, well-being, and in this specific example, happiness among sports fans. This talk seeks to discuss my previous work developed out from student research performed at NSU in its application to my first project for ESPN Sports Analytics, the College Football Fan Happiness Index (http://es.pn/2vmParA) . I will dive into the multivariate statistical techniques of principal component analysis and hierarchal clustering to create this happiness index from a slew of variables.

Screening And Plasma Oscillations In An Electron Gas In The Hydrodynamic Approximation, Eugene B. Kolomeisky, Joseph P. Straley

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

A hydrodynamic theory of screening in a generic electron gas of arbitrary dimensionality is given that encompasses all previously studied cases and clarifies the predictions of the many-body approach. We find that long-wavelength plasma oscillations are classical phenomena with quantum-mechanical effects playing no explicit role. The character of the oscillations is solely dictated by the dimensionality of the electron system and its equation of state in the neutral limit. Materials whose excitations are described by the Dirac dispersion law—such as doped graphene or a Weyl semimetal—are no exception to this rule.

Investigating Potential Pollutant Sources Causing Lack Of Biodiversity In Lytle Creek And Indian Run, Audrey E. Mcgowin, Amira Alsenbel, Harry Mcvey, Lori Williams, Taylor Stuckert

Chemistry Faculty Publications

This report describes the results of research performed with funds from the Sture Fredrik Anliot Grant Fund granted in March 2016 and the Wright State University College of Science and Mathematics. The title of the grant was “Lytle Creek and Indian Run Sediment and Water Pollution Assessment” and its primary aim was to identify and measure pollutants that could be causing a lack of biodiversity in Lytle Creek in Wilmington, OH. The project formed the basis of Amira Alsenbel’s Masters in Chemistry thesis research.

Using Isotopes To Constrain Water Flux And Age Estimates In Snow-Influenced Catchments Using The Starr (Spatially Distributed Tracer-Aided Rainfall–Runoff) Model, Pertti Ala-Aho, Doerthe Tetzlaff, James P. Mcnamara, Hjalmar Laudon, Chris Soulsby

Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Tracer-aided hydrological models are increasingly used to reveal fundamentals of runoff generation processes and water travel times in catchments. Modelling studies integrating stable water isotopes as tracers are mostly based in temperate and warm climates, leaving catchments with strong snow influences underrepresented in the literature. Such catchments are challenging, as the isotopic tracer signals in water entering the catchments as snowmelt are typically distorted from incoming precipitation due to fractionation processes in seasonal snowpack.

We used the Spatially distributed Tracer-Aided Rainfall– Runoff (STARR) model to simulate fluxes, storage, and mixing of water and tracers, as well as estimating water ages …

Escape Burrowing Of Modern Freshwater Bivalves As A Paradigm For Escape Behavior In The Devonian Bivalve Archanodon Catskillensis, Katja Knoll, Rebecca B. Chamberlain, John A. Chamberlain

Publications and Research

Many freshwater bivalves restore themselves to the sediment water interface after burial by upward escape burrowing. We studied the escape burrowing capacity of two modern unionoids, Elliptio complanata and Pyganodon cataracta and the invasive freshwater venerid Corbicula fluminea, in a controlled laboratory setting varying sediment grain size and burial depth. We found that the relatively streamlined E. complanata is a better escape burrower than the more obese P. cataracta. E. complanata is more likely to escape burial in both fine and coarse sand, and at faster rates than P. cataracta. However, successful escape from 10 cm burial, especially in fine …

Fermenting Solutions To New World Problems: Bioremediation Of Blue Agave And Cocoa Pod Wastes, Daniel Hart

Theses and Dissertations

Waste, minimizing it, and maximizing profit from it are major foci of most agricultural production processes today. Waste from two major production processes, namely tequila production and cocoa production, share several characteristics. Both these processes are still carried out as they have been for hundreds of years. They are both relatively concentrated in location; all tequila is produced in a small region of Mexico while cocoa pods only grow in tropical environments within 18° of the equator. In addition, both processes used to produce these commodities remain fairly inefficient; they generate huge amounts of waste that goes mostly unused. With …

A Bivariate Hypothesis Testing Approach For Mapping The Trait-Influential Gene, Garrett Saunders, Matthew D. Meng, John R. Stevens

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

The linkage disequilibrium (LD) based quantitative trait loci (QTL) model involves two indispensable hypothesis tests: the test of whether or not a QTL exists, and the test of the LD strength between the QTaL and the observed marker. The advantage of this two-test framework is to test whether there is an influential QTL around the observed marker instead of just having a QTL by random chance. There exist unsolved, open statistical questions about the inaccurate asymptotic distributions of the test statistics. We propose a bivariate null kernel (BNK) hypothesis testing method, which characterizes the joint distribution of the two test …

Soil Carbon Cycling Proxies: Understanding Their Critical Role In Predicting Climate Change Feedbacks, Vanessa L. Bailey, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Kristen M. Deangelis, A. Stuart Grandy, Christine V. Hawkes, Kate Heckman, Kate Lajtha, Richard P. Phillips, Benjamin N. Sulman, Katherine E. O. Todd-Brown, Matthew D. Wallenstein

Faculty Publications

The complexity of processes and interactions that drive soil C dynamics necessitate the use of proxy variables to represent soil characteristics that cannot be directly measured (correlative proxies), or that aggregate information about multiple soil characteristics into one variable (integrative proxies). These proxies have proven useful for understanding the soil C cycle, which is highly variable in both space and time, and are now being used to make predictions of the fate and persistence of C under future climate scenarios. However, the C pools and processes that proxies represent must be thoughtfully considered in order to minimize uncertainties in empirical …

Distributive Residuated Frames And Generalized Bunched Implication Algebras, Nikolaos Galatos, Peter Jipsen

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We show that all extensions of the (non-associative) Gentzen system for distributive full Lambek calculus by simple structural rules have the cut elimination property. Also, extensions by such rules that do not increase complexity have the finite model property, hence many subvarieties of the variety of distributive residuated lattices have decidable equational theories. For some other extensions, we prove the finite embeddability property, which implies the decidability of the universal theory, and we show that our results also apply to generalized bunched implication algebras. Our analysis is conducted in the general setting of residuated frames.

How Accurate Are Satellite Estimates Of Precipitation Over The North Indian Ocean?, Satya Prakash, M. R. Ramesh Kumar, Simi Mathew, R. Venkatesan

Publications and Research

Following the launch of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory in early 2014, motivated from the successful Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) satellite, an advanced and sophisticated global multi-satellite precipitation product – Integrated Multi- satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) was released at finer spatio-temporal scales. This precipitation product has been upgraded recently after several refinements and supposed to be superior to other existing global or quasi-global multi-satellite precipitation estimates. In the present study, IMERG precipitation is comprehensively evaluated for the first time against moored buoy observations over the north Indian Ocean at hourly scale for the study period of …

Assessment Of Differences Between Near-Surface Air And Soil Temperatures For Reliable Detection Of High-Latitude Freeze And Thaw States, Farjana Shati, Satya Prakash, Hamid Norouzi, Reginald Blake

Publications and Research

Near-surface air temperature and the underlying soil temperature are among the key components of the Earth’s surface energy budget, and they are important variables for the comprehensive assessment of global climate change. Better understanding of the difference in magnitude between these two variables over high-latitude regions is also crucial for accurate detections of freeze and thaw (FT) states. However, these differences are not usually considered and included in current remote sensing-based FT detection algorithms. In this study, the difference between near-surface air temperature at the 2-meter height and soil temperature at the 5-centimeter depth is assessed using ground-based observations that …

Lessons And Perspectives From The Data Science Industry, Elsa Schaefer

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Mathematically Modeling The Impact Of Invasive Crayfish Removal On Oncorhynchus Mykiss Population Dynamics In Topanga Creek, Madison Cox, Courtney Davis Phd, Rosi Dagit

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Mathematical Modeling Of Tumor Immune Interactions: A Closer Look At The Role Of A Pd-L1 Inhibitor In Cancer Immunotherapy, Timothy Woods Ii

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

An Extended Formulation Of The Convex Recoloring Problem On A Phylogenetic Tree, Sangho Shim

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Heads And Tails, Julie Simons

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

A Cellular Automaton Modeling Approach To Chestnut Blight Canker Development, Samuel Iselin

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.