Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Minimal Coflow Routing And Scheduling In Openflow-Based Cloud Storage Area Networks, Chui Hui Chiu, Dipak Kumar Singh, Qingyang Wang, Kisung Lee, Seung Jong Park

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Researches affirm that coflow scheduling/routing substantially shortens the average application inner communication time in data center networks (DCNs). The commonly desirable critical features of existing coflow scheduling/routing framework includes (1) coflow scheduling, (2) coflow routing, and (3) per-flow rate-limiting. However, to provide the 3 features, existing frameworks require customized computing frameworks, customized operating systems, or specific external commercial monitoring frameworks on software-defined networking (SDN) switches. These requirements defer or even prohibit the deployment of coflow scheduling/routing in production DCNs. In this paper, we design a coflow scheduling and routing framework, MinCOF which has minimal requirements on hosts and switches for …

Ionospheric Gravity Waves Driven By Oceanic Gravity Waves In Resonance: A Modeling Study In Search Of Their Spectra, Michael P. Hickey, Yonghui Yu

Publications

Ionospheric observations associated with the 2011 Tohoku tsunami have revealed gravity waves having spectral characteristics that depend on their proximity to the epicenter. There is a preponderance of medium-scale waves in the vicinity of the epicenter, a significant bifurcation into short- and long-period waves over the Hawaiian archipelago, and a narrow and rich spectrum of waves over the West Coast and inland of the United States (U.S.). Guided by these previous observations, we consider wave sources as triads of nonlinearly interacting oceanic gravity waves, whose wave parameters satisfy resonant conditions. These waves are simulated using a 2-D nonlinear model describing …

Graphh: High Performance Big Graph Analytics In Small Clusters, Peng Sun, Yonggang Wen, Nguyen Binh Duong Ta, Xiaokui Xiao

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

It is common for real-world applications to analyze big graphs using distributed graph processing systems. Popular in-memory systems require an enormous amount of resources to handle big graphs. While several out-of-core approaches have been proposed for processing big graphs on disk, the high disk I/O overhead could significantly reduce performance. In this paper, we propose GraphH to enable highperformance big graph analytics in small clusters. Specifically, we design a two-stage graph partition scheme to evenly divide the input graph into partitions, and propose a GAB (GatherApply-Broadcast) computation model to make each worker process a partition in memory at a time. …

Joanaudit: A Tool For Auditing Common Injection Vulnerabilities, Julian Thome, Lwin Khin Shar, Domenico Bianculli, Lionel Briand

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

JoanAudit is a static analysis tool to assist security auditors in auditing Web applications and Web services for common injection vulnerabilities during software development. It automatically identifies parts of the program code that are relevant for security and generates an HTML report to guide security auditors audit the source code in a scalable way. JoanAudit is configured with various security-sensitive input sources and sinks relevant to injection vulnerabilities and standard sanitization procedures that prevent these vulnerabilities. It can also automatically fix some cases of vulnerabilities in source code — cases where inputs are directly used in sinks without any form …

Compositional And Physical Gradients In The Magmas Of The Devine Canyon Tuff, Eastern Oregon: Constraints For Evolution Models Of Voluminous High-Silica Rhyolites, Shelby Lee Isom

Dissertations and Theses

Large-volume silicic ignimbrites erupt from reservoirs that vary in composition, temperature, volatile content and crystallinity. The 9.7 Ma Devine Canyon Tuff (DCT) of eastern Oregon is a large-volume (>250 km³), compositionally zoned and variably welded ignimbrite. The ignimbrite exhibits heterogeneous trace element compositions, variable volatile content and crystallinity. These observations were utilized in the investigation into the generation, accumulation and evolution of the magmas composing the DCT. Building off previous research, pumices were selected from the range of trace element compositions and analyzed with respect to crystallinity, mineral abundances and assemblages. The DCT displays a gradational trace …

Invertebrate Community Composition Across Inundation Regimes And Its Potential To Reduce Plant Stress, Inez Ilicia Lawson

Dissertations and Theses

Appreciation of the ecological and economic values associated with healthy salt marshes has led to a recent rise in the number of marshes that are being targeted for restoration by dike removal. The success of restoration is often measured by the return of marsh plants, though this overlooks a key component of salt marshes, that of the invertebrate community within marsh sediments. To evaluate the short-term recovery of these invertebrates, sediment cores were collected across an elevational gradient in a recent dike removal marsh, one and two years post removal, and a nearby reference marsh. Abundance, richness and diversity as …

Constraining The Holocene Extent Of The Northwest Meers Fault, Oklahoma Using High-Resolution Topography And Paleoseismic Trenching, Kristofer Tyler Hornsby

Dissertations and Theses

The Meers Fault (Oklahoma) is one of few seismogenic structures with Holocene surface expression in the stable continental region of North America. Only the ~37 km-long southeastern section of the ~55 km long Meers Fault is interpreted to be Holocene-active. The ~17 km-long northwestern section is considered to be Quaternary-active (pre-Holocene); however, its low-relief geomorphic expression and anthropogenic alteration have presented difficulties in evaluating the fault length and style of Holocene deformation. We reevaluate surface expression and earthquake timing of the northwestern portion of the Meers Fault to improve fault characterization, earthquake rupture models, and seismic hazard evaluations based on …

Robustness And Mode Selectivity In Parity-Time (Pt) Symmetric Lasers, M. H. Teimourpour, M. Khajavikhan, Demetrios N. Christodoulides, Ramy El-Ganainy

Department of Physics Publications

We investigate two important aspects of PT symmetric photonic molecule lasers, namely the robustness of their single longitudinal mode operation against instabilities triggered by spectral hole burning effects, and the possibility of more versatile mode selectivity. Our results, supported by numerically integrating the nonlinear rate equations and performing linear stability analysis, reveals the following: (1) In principle a second threshold exists after which single mode operation becomes unstable, signaling multimode oscillatory dynamics, (2) For a wide range of design parameters, single mode operation of PT lasers having relatively large free spectral range (FSR) can be robust even at higher gain …

Climate, Wildfire, And Erosion Ensemble Foretells More Sediment In Western Usa Watersheds, John B. Sankey, Jason Kreitler, Todd J. Hawbaker, Jason L. Mcvay, Mary Ellen Miller, Erich R. Mueller, Nicole M. Vaillant, Scott E. Lowe, Temuulen T. Sankey

Michigan Tech Research Institute Publications

The area burned annually by wildfires is expected to increase worldwide due to climate change. Burned areas increase soil erosion rates within watersheds, which can increase sedimentation in downstream rivers and reservoirs. However, which watersheds will be impacted by future wildfires is largely unknown. Using an ensemble of climate, fire, and erosion models, we show that postfire sedimentation is projected to increase for nearly nine tenths of watersheds by >10% and for more than one third of watersheds by >100% by the 2041 to 2050 decade in the western USA. The projected increases are statistically significant for more than eight …

Reference Data Set Of Volcanic Ash Physicochemical And Optical Properties, A. Vogel, S. Diplas, A. J. Durant, A. S. Azar, M. F. Sunding, William I. Rose, A. Sytchkova, C. Bonadonna, K. Krüger, A. Stohl

Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences Publications

Uncertainty in the physicochemical and optical properties of volcanic ash particles creates errors in the detection and modeling of volcanic ash clouds and in quantification of their potential impacts. In this study, we provide a data set that describes the physicochemical and optical properties of a representative selection of volcanic ash samples from nine different volcanic eruptions covering a wide range of silica contents (50–80 wt % SiO₂). We measured and calculated parameters describing the physical (size distribution, complex shape, and dense-rock equivalent mass density), chemical (bulk and surface composition), and optical (complex refractive index from ultraviolet to …

The World Is Facing A Global Sand Crisis, Aurora Torres, Jianguo "Jack" Liu, Jodi Brandt, Kristen Lear

Human-Environment Systems Research Center Faculty Publications and Presentations

When people picture sand spread across idyllic beaches and endless deserts, they understandably think of it as an infinite resource. But as we discuss in a just-published perspective in the journal Science, over-exploitation of global supplies of sand is damaging the environment, endangering communities, causing shortages and promoting violent conflict.

A Digital Practice Tool For Chemical Resonance, Kimball Jaclyn

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

Digital practice tools support online learning in math, language, computer science, and other subjects, but practice with problems whose answers are not well represented by text or quantities is underrepresented in the digital learning ecosystem beyond multiple-choice questions. This thesis project explored an alternative to multiple choice practice problems in organic chemistry that does not rely on a molecule drawing interface. This project included development and evaluation of a proof-of-concept digital practice tool for chemical resonance problems. Results of a utility study strongly suggest that the practice tool could fill a learning niche within organic chemistry practice as part of …

Ambipolar Spin Diffusion In P-Type Gaas: A Case Where Spin Diffuses More Than Charge, F. Cadiz, V. Notot, J. Filipovic, Christopher P. Weber, L. Martinelli, A.C. H. Rowe, S. Arscott

Physics

We investigate the diffusion of charge and spin at 15 K in p-type GaAs, combining transient-grating and energy-resolved microluminescence measurements to cover a broad range of photoelectron density. At very low optical power, in a unipolar nondegenerate regime, charge and spin diffuse at the same rate, implying that the spin-drag effects are negligible. Upon increasing the photoelectron concentration up to about 1016 cm–3, the charge diffusion constant decreases because of ambipolar electrostatic interactions with the slower-diffusing holes while the spin diffusion constant is reduced only weakly by the ambipolar interaction. A further increase in the excitation power causes increases in …

The Soybean Rfg1 Gene Restricts Nodulation By Sinorhizobium Fredii Usda193, Yinglun Fan, Jinge Liu, Shanhua Lyu, Qi Wang, Shengming Yang, Hongyan Zhu

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Sinorhizobium fredii is a fast-growing rhizobial species that can establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with a wide range of legume species including soybeans (Glycine max). In soybeans, this interaction shows a high level of specificity such that particular S. fredii strains nodulate only a limited set of plant genotypes. Here we report the identification of a dominant gene in soybeans that restricts nodulation with S. fredii USDA193. Genetic mapping in an F2 population revealed co-segregation of the underlying locus with the previously cloned Rfg1 gene. The Rfg1 allele encodes a member of the Toll-interleukin receptor/nucleotide-binding site/leucine-rich repeat class of …

When Substituents Do Not Matter: Frontier Orbitals Explain The Unusually High And Invariant Oxidation Potential In Alkoxy-, Alkyl-, And H-Substituted Iptycenes, Maxim V. Ivanov, Denan Wang, Shriya Wadumethrige, Rajendra Rathore

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) have played a critical role in predicting reactivity/selectivity of pericyclic reactions. Here we show that the structurally similar iptycene-based hydroquinone ether (HE), that is, ^MeOIpt and ^BOHE/^BHHE, molecules have drastically different ordering of bisallylic and quinoidal FMOs. They are almost degenerate in ^BOHE/^BHHE, while in ^MeOIpt, the bisallylic orbital lies far below the quinoidal HOMO. Oxidation of ^BOHE/^BHHE induces coplanarization of the methoxy group and destabilizes the bisallylic HOMO, leading to a relatively low oxidation potential. In ^MeOIpt, considerable energy …

Melting In The Mantle Wedge: Quantifying The Effects Of Crustal Morphology And Viscous Decoupling On Melt Production With Application To The Cascadia Subduction Zone, Jiaming Yang

Dissertations and Theses

Arc magmatism is sustained by the complex interactions between the subducting slab, the overriding plate, and the mantle wedge. Partial melting of mantle peridotite is achieved by fluid-induced flux melting and decompression melting due to upward flow. The distribution of melting is sensitive to temperature, the pattern of flow, and the pressure in the mantle wedge. The arc front is the surface manifestation of partial melting in the mantle wedge and is characterized by a narrow chain of active volcanoes that migrate in time. The conventional interpretation is that changes in slab dip angle lead to changes in the arc …

Detecting Change In Rainstorm Properties From 1977-2016 And Associated Future Flood Risks In Portland, Oregon, Alexis Kirsten Cooley

Dissertations and Theses

In response to increased greenhouse gases and global temperatures, changes to the hydrologic cycle are projected to occur and new precipitation characteristics are expected to emerge. The study of these characteristics is facilitated by common indices to measure precipitation and temperature developed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). These indices can be used to describe the likely consequences of climate change such as increased daily precipitation intensity (SDII) and heavier rainfall events (R95p). This study calculates a subset of these indices from observed and modelled precipitation data in Portland, Oregon. Five rainfall gages from a …

Optimizing Synthesis Of Substituted Oxadiazole Based Liquid Crystal Compounds.Pptx, Blake Bordokas

Blake Bordokas

Investigating Growth Of Metal-Organic Frameworks Via Atomic Force Microscopy, Zitong Wang

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline microporous materials that have drawn much attention in recent years for their promising applications in many fields of chemistry. To design MOFs with desired properties, a better understanding of how these frameworks self-assemble during crystallization is required. A useful technique for investigating the crystallization process of MOFs is atomic force microscopy (AFM). We have conducted AFM studies on four different MOFs: the gallium analog of the MIL-53 MOF, which exhibits the "breathing effect," and three Lead, Calcium and Cadmium-based MOFs that uses 4,4-sulfonyldibenzoate (SDB) as the organic ligand. Hydrothermal methods were used to prepare those …

Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Of Human Bladder Cancer (T24) Cells, Michelle S. M. Li

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) employs a biased ultramicroelectrode (few nm to 25 µm diameter) as a probe that is scanned over a sample to electrochemically characterize its physical properties and chemical reactivity with high temporal and spatial resolutions. In this dissertation, SECM was used to investigate the membrane responses of single live human bladder cancer (T24) cells to obtain insights into their topography, physiology and pathology.

First, the membrane-impermeable ferrocene carboxylate was used as the SECM redox mediator to investigate the geometry and topography of these cells along with 3D finite elemental analysis (FEA) simulations. The use of 3D simulation …

Body Size And Substrate Type Modulate Movement By The Western Pacific Crown-Of-Thorns Starfish, Acanthaster Solaris, Morgan S. Pratchett, Zara-Louise Cowan, Lauren E. Nadler, Clemon F. Caballes, Andrew S. Hoey, Vanessa Messmer, Cameron S. Fletcher, David A. Westcott, Scott D. Ling

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

The movement capacity of the crown-of-thorns starfishes (Acanthaster spp.) is a primary determinant of both their distribution and impact on coral assemblages. We quantified individual movement rates for the Pacific crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster solaris) ranging in size from 75–480 mm total diameter, across three different substrates (sand, flat consolidated pavement, and coral rubble) on the northern Great Barrier Reef. The mean (±SE) rate of movement for smaller (diameter) A. solaris was 23.99 ± 1.02 cm/ min and 33.41 ± 1.49 cm/ min for individuals >350 mm total diameter. Mean (±SE) rates of movement varied with substrate …

Desert Pool {If Every Desert Was Once A Sea}, Karen Miranda Abel

The Goose

Desert Pool {If every desert was once a sea} is a site-specific art project by Canadian artist Karen Miranda Abel completed in 2016 while artist-in-residence at Joya: arte + ecología, an arts-led research centre situated in an alpine desert within a national park in southern Spain. The elemental installation represents an envisioning of the ancient sea that occupied the Sierra de María-Los Vélez Natural Park millions of years before the current desert ecology, a time when its highest mountain peaks may have been islands.

Effect Of Thermodenuding On The Structure Of Nascent Flame Soot Aggregates, Janarjan Bhandari, Swarup China, Timothy Onasch, Lindsay Wolff, Andrew Lambe, Paul Davidovits, Claudio Mazzoleni, Et Al.

Michigan Tech Publications

The optical properties (absorption and scattering) of soot particles depend on soot size and index of refraction, but also on the soot complex morphology and the internal mixing with materials that can condense on a freshly emitted (nascent) soot particle and coat it. This coating can affect the soot optical properties by refracting light, or by changing the soot aggregate structure. A common approach to studying the effect of coating on soot optical properties is to measure the absorption and scattering coefficients in ambient air, and then measure them again after removing the coating using a thermodenuder. In this approach, …

Application Of Visible-Light Photosensitization To Form Alkyl-Radical-Derived Thin Films On Gold, Rashanique Quarels, Xianglin Zhai, Neepa Kuruppu, Jenny K. Hedlund, Ashley A. Ellsworth, Amy V. Walker, Jayne C. Garno, Justin R. Ragains

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

Visible-light irradiation of phthalimide esters in the presence of the photosensitizer [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and the stoichiometric reducing agent benzyl nicotinamide results in the formation of alkyl radicals under mild conditions. This approach to radical generation has proven useful for the synthesis of small organic molecules. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the visible-light photosensitized deposition of robust alkyl thin films on Au surfaces using phthalimide esters as the alkyl radical precursors. In particular, we combine visible-light photosensitization with particle lithography to produce nanostructured thin films, the thickness of which can be measured easily using AFM cursor profiles. Analysis with AFM …

Fundamental Coupling Processes In The Mesosphere, Lower Thermosphere (Mlt) Using Enhanced Na Wind-Temperature Lidar Measurements At The Atmospheric Lidar Observatory, Titus Yuan

Funded Research Records

No abstract provided.

40ar/39ar Ages And Zircon Petrochronology For The Rear Arc Of The Izu-Bonin-Marianas Intra-Oceanic Subduction Zone, Graham Dm Andrews

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Long-lived intra-oceanic arcs of Izu-Bonin-Marianas (IBM)-type are built on thick, granodioritic crust formed in the absence of pre-existing continental crust. International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 350, Site U1437, explored the IBM rear arc to better understand continental crust formation in arcs. Detailed petrochronological (U–Pb geochronology combined with trace elements, oxygen and hafnium isotopes) characterizations of zircon from Site U1437 were carried out, taking care to exclude potential contaminants by (1) comparison of zircon ages with ship-board palaeomagnetic and biostratigraphic ages and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, (2) analysing zircon from drill muds for comparison, (3) selectively carrying out in situ analysis in petrographic …

Fractal Holography: A Geometric Re-Interpretation Of Cosmological Large Scale Structure, Jonas R. Mureika

Jonas Mureika

The fractal dimension of large-scale galaxy clustering has been demonstrated to be roughly D_F∼2 from a wide range of redshift surveys. If correct, this statistic is of interest for two main reasons: fractal scaling is an implicit representation of information content, and also the value itself is a geometric signature of area. It is proposed that the fractal distribution of galaxies may thus be interpreted as a signature of holography (``fractal holography''), providing more support for current theories of holographic cosmologies. Implications for entropy bounds are addressed. In particular, because of spatial scale invariance in the matter distribution, …

Differentiating Unparticles From Extra Dimensions Via Mini Black Hole Thermodynamics, Jonas R. Mureika

Jonas Mureika

A thermodynamics-based method is presented for differentiating mini black hole creation mechanisms in high energy parton collisions, including scenarios with large compactified extra dimensions and unparticle-enhanced gravity with real scaling dimension dU. Tensor unparticle interactions are shown to mimic the physics of (2dU−2) noninteger extra spatial dimensions. This yields unique model-dependent production rates, Hawking temperature profiles, and decay multiplicities for black holes of mass MBH∼1–15  TeV that may be created at the LHC and other future colliders.

Vector Unparticle Enhanced Black Holes: Exact Solutions And Thermodynamics, Jonas R. Mureika, Euro Spallucci

Jonas Mureika

Tensor and scalar unparticle couplings to matter have been shown to enhance gravitational interactions and provide corrections to the Schwarzschild metric and associated black hole structure. We derive an exact solution to the Einstein equations for vector unparticles, and conclusively demonstrate that these induce Riessner–Nordström (RN)-like solutions where the role of the “charge” is defined by a composite of unparticle phase space parameters. These black holes admit double-horizon structure, although unlike the RN metric these solutions have a minimum inner horizon value. In the extremal limit, the Hawking temperature is shown to vanish. As with the scalar/tensor case, the (outer) …

Self-Completeness And Spontaneous Dimensional Reduction, Jonas R. Mureika, Piero Nicolini

Jonas Mureika

A viable quantum theory of gravity is one of the biggest challenges physicists are facing. We discuss the confluence of two highly expected features which might be instrumental in the quest of a finite and renormalizable quantum gravity —spontaneous dimensional reduction and self-completeness. The former suggests the spacetime background at the Planck scale may be effectively two-dimensional, while the latter implies a condition of maximal compression of matter by the formation of an event horizon for Planckian scattering. We generalize such a result to an arbitrary number of dimensions, and show that gravity in higher than four dimensions remains self-complete, …