Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Confined Photonic Mode Propagation Observed In Photoemission Electron Microscopy, Theodore Stenmark, Robert Campbell Word, Rolf Konenkamp

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) we present a comparative analysis of the wavelength dependence of propagating fields in a simple optical slab waveguide and a thin film photonic crystal W1-type waveguide. We utilize an interferometric imaging approach for light in the near-ultraviolet regime where a 2-photon process is required to produce photoelectron emission. The typical spatial resolution in these experiments is < 30 nm. Electromagnetic theory and finite element simulations are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental observations. Our results indicate that multiphoton PEEM is a useful sub-wavelength characterization technique in thin film optics.

Development Of An Improved Synthesis Of S-D-Ribosyl-L-Homocysteine (Srh) And Progress Toward Srh Analogs Modified At The C3 Position, Emily Rouse

Master's Theses

Quorum sensing is a system that facilitates bacteria turning on and off gene expression depending on population density. System 2 quorum sensing is utilized by both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, and the quorum sensing molecule used in this system is AI-2. AI-2 is biosynthesized by the enzyme LuxS from the precursor SRH. This thesis describes an improved synthesis of SRH through the exploration of different protecting group strategies. The knowledge gained from the improved synthesis of SRH is then applied toward the synthesis of SRH analogues with increased steric bulk installed through use of a stereoselective anti-Mannich reaction. …

Estimating The Contribution Of Dynamical Ejecta In The Kilonova Associated With Gw170817, B. P. Abbott, K. Aultoneal, S. Gaudio, K. Gill, E. M. Gretarsson, B. Hughey, M. Muratore, J. W. W. Pratt, S. G. Schwalbe, K. Staats, M. J. Szczepańczyk, M. Zanolin, Et Al.

Publications

The source of the gravitational-wave (GW) signal GW170817, very likely a binary neutron star merger, was also observed electromagnetically, providing the first multi-messenger observations of this type. The two-week-long electromagnetic (EM) counterpart had a signature indicative of an r-process-induced optical transient known as a kilonova. This Letter examines how the mass of the dynamical ejecta can be estimated without a direct electromagnetic observation of the kilonova, using GW measurements and a phenomenological model calibrated to numerical simulations of mergers with dynamical ejecta. Specifically, we apply the model to the binary masses inferred from the GW measurements, and use the resulting …

On The Progenitor Of Binary Neutron Star Merger Gw170817, B. P. Abbott, K. Aultoneal, S. Gaudio, K. Gill, E. M. Gretarsson, B. Hughey, M. Muratore, J. W. W. Pratt, S. G. Schwalbe, K. Staats, M. J. Szczepańczyk, M. Zanolin, Et Al.

Publications

On 2017 August 17 the merger of two compact objects with masses consistent with two neutron stars was discovered through gravitational-wave (GW170817), gamma-ray (GRB 170817A), and optical (SSS17a/AT 2017gfo) observations. The optical source was associated with the early-type galaxy NGC 4993 at a distance of just ~40 Mpc, consistent with the gravitational-wave measurement, and the merger was localized to be at a projected distance of ~2 kpc away from the galaxy's center. We use this minimal set of facts and the mass posteriors of the two neutron stars to derive the first constraints on the progenitor of GW170817 at the …

Artificial Olfactory System For Multi-Component Analysis Of Gas Mixtures., Alexander Aleksandrovich Larin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Gas analysis is an important part of our world and gas sensing technology is becoming more essential for various aspects of our life. A novel approach for gas mixture analysis by using portable gas chromatography in combination with an array of highly integrated and selective metal oxide (MOX) sensors has been studied. We developed a system with small size (7 x 13 x 16 inches), low power consumption (~10 W) and absence of special carrier gases designed for portable field analysis (assuming apriori calibration). Low ppb and even sub-ppb level of detection for some VOCs was achieved during the analysis …

Grace's "Making Peace With The Earth: Action And Advocacy For Climate Justice" (Book Review), Dolores Yilibuw

The Christian Librarian

No abstract provided.

A Risk-Based Method For Estimating The Carbon Sequestration Budget For A Mixed Hardwood Forest, Erin Cooper

Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) levels in the atmosphere have risen from approximately 310 ppm in the 1950’s to over 400 ppm as of 2015. This rise in CO₂ has likely resulted in the observed warming trend of the earth’s atmosphere in the same time frame, causing significant concern in the scientific community. Several mitigation strategies have arisen to combat the upward trend of CO₂ emissions in recent decades, among them being carbon sequestration- the process of capturing CO₂ from the atmosphere and holding it for an extended period of time. This study used the U.S. Forest …

Distributions Of Krill And Antarctic Silverfish And Correlations With Environmental Variables In The Western Ross Sea, Antarctica, L. Brynn Davis, Eileen E. Hofmann, John M. Klinck, Andrea Piñones, Michael S. Dinniman

CCPO Publications

Antarctic krill Euphausia superba, crystal krill E. crystallorophias, and Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarctica are key mid-trophic level species in the Ross Sea, connecting primary production to the upper trophic levels. Distributions of these species were constructed from observations made in the western Ross Sea from 1988 to 2004. Distributions of environmental conditions were obtained from a 5-km resolution circulation model (temperature, mixed layer depth, surface speed) and satellite-derived observations (chlorophyll, sea ice cover). A hierarchy of statistical methods determined correlations and relationships between species and environmental conditions. Each species occupies a localized habitat defined by different environmental characteristics. …

Speckle Effects In Target-In-The-Loop Laser Beam Projection Systems, Mikhail Vorontsov

Electro-Optics and Photonics Faculty Publications

In target-in-the-loop laser beam projection scenarios typical of remote sensing, directed energy, and adaptive optics applications, a transmitted laser beam propagates through an optically inhomogeneous medium toward a target, scatters off the target’s rough surface, and returns back to the transceiver plane. Coherent beam scattering off the randomly rough surface results in strong speckle modulation in the transceiver plane. This speckle modulation has been a long-standing challenge that limits performance of remote sensing, active imaging, and adaptive optics techniques. Using physics-based models of laser beam scattering off a randomly rough surface, we show that received speckle-field spatial and temporal characteristics …

Historical Change Of Seagrasses In The Mississippi And Chandeleur Sounds, Linh Thuy Pham

Dissertations

Seagrasses are important coastal resources facing numerous stressors, and losses have been documented from local to global assessments. Under the broad theme of habitat loss and fragmentation, a study of historical change in total area and landscape configuration of seagrasses in the Mississippi and Chandeleur Sounds was conducted. Mapping data was collated from a multitude of previous projects from 1940 to 2011.

Comparisons of seagrass area among various studies that used different mapping methods can result in overestimation of area change and misleading conclusions of change over time. The vegetated seagrass area (VSA) data were generalized to a common resolution …

Fitting Skew Distributions To Iranian Auto Insurance Claim Data, Ramin Kazemi, Abdollah Jalilian, Akram Kohansal

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In actuary, the derivation of loss distributions from insurance data is of great interest. Fitting an adequate distribution to real insurance data is not an easy task, mainly due to the nature of the data, which shows several features to be accounted for. Although, because of its stochastic and numerical simplicity, it is often assumed that the involved financial risk factors are normally distributed, but empirical studies indicate that most of financial risk factors have distributions with high peaks and heavy tails. Thus, it is important in the actuarial science to model insurance risks with skewed distributions. Claims size data …

On The Lp-Spaces Techniques In The Existence And Uniqueness Of The Fuzzy Fractional Korteweg-De Vries Equation’S Solution, F. Farahrooz, A. Ebadian, S. Najafzadeh

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, is proposed the existence and uniqueness of the solution of all fuzzy fractional differential equations, which are equivalent to the fuzzy integral equation. The techniques on L^P-spaces are used, defining the L^p_F F ([0; 1]) for 1≤P≤∞, its properties, and using the functional analysis methods. Also the convergence of the method of successive approximations used to approximate the solution of fuzzy integral equation be proved and an iterative procedure to solve such equations is presented.

Interactions Of Thermoelastic Beam In Modified Couple Stress Theory, Rajneesh Kumar, Shaloo Devi

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

This paper is concerned with the study of thermoelastic beam in modified couple stress theory. The governing equations of motion for modified couple stress theory and heat conduction equation for non-Fourier (non-classical process) are investigated to model the vibrations in a homogeneous isotropic thin beam in a closed form by employing the Euler Bernoulli beam theory. The generalized theories of thermoelasticity with one and two relaxation times are used to model the problem. Both ends of the beam are simply supported. The Laplace transform technique applied to solve the system of equations which are written in dimensionless form. A general …

Heat And Mass Transfer Effects Of Peristaltic Transport Of A Nano Fluid In Peripheral Layer, K. M. Prasad, N. Subadra, M, A. S. Srinivas

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

This paper deals with a theoretical investigation of heat and mass transfer effects of peristaltic transport of a nanofluid in peripheral layer. By using appropriate methods, the velocity in the core region as well as in the peripheral region, pressure drop, time averaged flux, frictional force, temperature profile, nanoparticle phenomenon, heat transfer coefficient and mass transfer coefficient of the fluid are investigated, using lubrication theory. Effects of different physical parameters like viscosity ratio, mean radius of the central layer, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, local temperature Grashof number as well as local nanoparticle Grashof number on pressure rise characteristics, frictional …

Do It Today Or Do It Tomorrow: Empirical Non-Exponential Discounting Explained By Symmetry And Fuzzy Ideas, Francisco Zapata, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich, Thongchai Dumrongpokaphan

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

At first glance, it seems to make sense to conclude that when a 1 dollar reward tomorrow is equivalent to a D < 1 dollar reward today, the day-after-tomorrow's 1 dollar reward would be equivalent to D * D = D² dollars today, and, in general, a reward after time t is equivalent to D(t) = D^t dollars today. This exponential discounting function D(t) was indeed proposed by the economists, but it does not reflect the actual human behavior. Indeed, according to this formula, the effect of distant future events is negligible, and thus, it would be reasonable for a person to take on huge loans or get engaged in unhealthy behavior even when the long-term consequences …

Intraneti Dhe Pagesat Elektronike Ne Komunen E Istogut, Faton Bytyçi

Theses and Dissertations

Shfrytëzimi i përparësive të teknologjisë informative është bërë pjesë e pandashme e jetës tonë për të punuar, informuar, argëtuar etj. Një sferë e veçantë e përdorimit të teknologjisë informative është edhe e-Qeverisja e cila po gjënë vend çdo ditë në administratë për të ofruar shërbime të shpejta, të lehta e të sakta për ata që punojnë dhe për ata që i marrin shërbimet nga administrata.

Komuna e Istogut në dhjetë vitet e fundit ka avancuar në masë të madhe përdorimin e teknologjisë informative dhe i ka bërë modernizimin e shërbimeve. Një prej shërbimeve elektronike në këtë komunë është edhe Sistemi …

Vlerësimi I Karakteristikave Të Rrjetit Në Testimin E Aplikacioneve Përmes Rrjetit Të Virtualizuar, Redon Berisha

Theses and Dissertations

Aplikacionet rrjetëzuese janë bërë pjesë e rëndësishme e përdorimit personal dhe biznesor duke mundësar shkëmbim dhe menaxhim të informacioneve nga të gjitha vendet ku ndodhemi, ndërsa rëndësia e testimit të aplikacioneve është pikë kyçe në ofrimin e eksperiencës së shfrytëzuesit dhe performancës së saj. Qëllimi i këtij studimi është përdorimi i Rrjetit të Virtualizuar në krijimin e mjedisit testues, për emulimin e trafikut në të cilin aplikacionet pranojnë të dhënat. Punimi ka dy qëllime, që të shërbejë si udhërrefyes për virtualizimin e rrjetit dhe për te testuar performancat e rrjetit në kushte të ndryshme. Në këtë drejtim janë formuluar tre …

Building An Albanian Knowledge Graph From Unstructured Text, Hakan Shehu

Theses and Dissertations

We live in the golden area of information. The World Wide web contains a vast amount of unstructured text in different digital formats, including newswire, blogs, email communications, governmental documents, chat logs, and so on. Some of the biggest companies and organizations have created knowledge bases which represent a semantic network of facts, entities and relations between them. Even though this area has been well researched for a considerable time, there is a lack of implementation of such a knowledge extraction for Albanian language. In this thesis we will try to create an Albanian general knowledge graph from unstructured text. …

Pyritized Cryogenian Cyanobacteria Fossils From Arctic Alaska, Kelsey R. Moore, Tanja Bosak, Francis Macdonald, Kimberly Du, Sharon A. Newman, Daniel J.G. Lahr, Sara B. Pruss

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

The Cryogenian was a time of climatic extremes, with two extended and severe global glaciations bracketing hothouse conditions. The effect of these extreme climate conditions on ocean chemistry and the marine biosphere remain poorly understood. Most of the previous studies of the fossil record from this interval focus on benthic organisms, with few examples of organisms with an inferred planktonic lifestyle and no firm evidence for photosynthetic organisms. Here, we present helically coiled, straight, and curved fossils composed of fine crystalline or framboidal pyrite in limestone samples from the Ikiakpuk formation of Arctic Alaska. These structures are morphologically identical to …

A Tidy Data Model For Natural Language Processing Using Cleannlp, Taylor B. Arnold

Department of Math & Statistics Faculty Publications

Recent advances in natural language processing have produced libraries that extract low level features from a collection of raw texts. These features, known as annotations, are usually stored internally in hierarchical, tree-based data structures. This paper proposes a data model to represent annotations as a collection of normalized relational data tables optimized for exploratory data analysis and predictive modeling. The R package cleanNLP, which calls one of two state of the art NLP libraries (CoreNLP or spaCy), is presented as an implementation of this data model. It takes raw text as an input and returns a list of normalized tables. …

Remediation Of Lead And Copper Ions From Water Solutions Using Transition Metal Sulfides, Jesus M. Cantu Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

Heavy metal contamination in water solutions has been a major concern since many transition metals don’t play a role in any biological function and are actually detrimental to human health. There have been several techniques that have been implemented for the remediation of heavy metal contaminants. For this project, three metal sulfides—Fe7S8, ZnS, TiS 2—were synthesized and studied for their capabilities to remove Pb(II) and Cu(II) from water solutions. Several parameters were investigated to determine the effects of pH, time, temperature, binding capacities, and interfering ions. The room temperature adsorption capacities ranged 6.23–333.3 mg/g for Pb(II) and 1.31–250 mg/g for …

Remediation Of Trivalent And Hexavalent Chromium Ions From Aqueous Solutions Using Titanium Dioxide Polymorphs, Yvette Cantu

Theses and Dissertations

Three titanium dioxide (TiO2) polymorphs were synthesized and used for the removal of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions. Various solution parameters were studied to determine the effects of pH, temperature, time, possible interfering ions, and capacities on the binding of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) to all three polymorphs. pH assays determined the optimum pH for the binding of both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) to each polymorph. Adsorption isotherms determined that the adsorption of Cr(III) was non-spontaneous for the three polymorphs with ΔG values ranging from 6.03 to 12.89 kJ/mol. Furthermore, the binding of Cr(VI) to anatase was also non-spontaneous …

Hydrodesulfurization Of Dibenzothiophene Using Lanthanum Doped Comos2, Carolina Valdes Bracamontes

Theses and Dissertations

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is a technique used in petrochemical industry for the removal of sulfur from crude oil. Using dibenzothiophene (DBT) as a target molecule and CoMoS2 catalysts doped with various concentrations of lanthanum were studied for catalytic activity in the removal of DBT from solution. Catalysts were synthesized using ammonium tetrathiomolydate, cobalt chloride and lanthanum nitrate under a solvothermal decomposition in decalin at 350 °C with H2 gas at 160 psi. To evaluate decomposition effects, a second set of catalyst precursors were decomposed in a tube furnace at 450 °C under a constant flow of 10%/90% H2/Ar. Characterizations of the …

Synthesis Of Tetraethyl ((2-Amino-1,4-Phenylene)Bis(Methylene)) Bis(Phosphonate): An Intermediate In The Synthesis Of Amino-Substituted Conjugated Materials, Ariel Ivan Torres Burgueno

Theses and Dissertations

Discussed here are the syntheses of the phosphonate precursors for the Wittig-Horner synthesis of poly-phenylene vinylene (PPV) and distyrylbenzene (DSB) derivatives and their respective distyrylbenzene analogs containing amino moieties. The synthesis of the different compounds was achieved through bromination, Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction, reduction of the nitro group with a commercial cobalt sulfide catalyst and sodium borohydride. Preliminary evidence for the synthesis of amino substituted distyrylbenzene and of nitro/alkoxy substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene) was obtained. Characterization of the products was performed by 1H-NMR. Preliminary results of the synthesis of a novel amino-substituted distyrylbenzene (DSB) are presented. The luminescence of the new DSB was …

On The Progenitor Of Binary Neutron Star Merger Gw170817, Benjamin P. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

On 2017 August 17 the merger of two compact objects with masses consistent with two neutron stars was discovered through gravitational-wave (GW170817), gamma-ray (GRB 170817A), and optical (SSS17a/AT 2017gfo) observations. The optical source was associated with the early-type galaxy NGC 4993 at a distance of just ∼40 Mpc, consistent with the gravitational-wave measurement, and the merger was localized to be at a projected distance of ∼2 kpc away from the galaxy's center. We use this minimal set of facts and the mass posteriors of the two neutron stars to derive the first constraints on the progenitor of GW170817 at the …

3d Photogrammetry Quantifies Growth And External Erosion Of Individual Coral Colonies And Skeletons, Renata Ferrari, Will F. Figueira, Morgan S. Pratchett, Tatiana Boube, Arne Adam, Tania Kobelkowsky-Vidrio, Steve S. Doo, Trisha Brooke Atwood, Maria Byrne

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Growth and contraction of ecosystem engineers, such as trees, influence ecosystem structure and function. On coral reefs, methods to measure small changes in the structure of microhabitats, driven by growth of coral colonies and contraction of skeletons, are extremely limited. We used 3D reconstructions to quantify changes in the external structure of coral colonies of tabular Acropora spp., the dominant habitat-forming corals in shallow exposed reefs across the Pacific. The volume and surface area of live colonies increased by 21% and 22%, respectively, in 12 months, corresponding to a mean annual linear extension of 5.62 cm yr⁻¹ (±1.81 SE). …

Foundations Of Translational Ecology, Carolyn Af Enquist, Stephen T. Jackson, Gregg M. Garfin, Frank W. Davis, Leah R. Gerber, Jeremy A. Littell, Jennifer L. Tank, Adam J. Terando, Tamara U. Wall, Benjamin Halpern, J. Kevin Hiers, Toni Kyn Morelli, Elizabeth Mcnie, Nathan L. Stephenson, Matthew A. Williamson, Connie A. Woodhouse, Laurie Yung, Mark W. Brunson, Kimberly R. Hall, Lauren M. Hallett, Dawn M. Lawson, Max A. Mortiz, Koren Nydick, Amber Pairis, Andrea J. Ray, Claudia Regan, Hugh D. Safford, Mark W. Schwartz, M. Rebecca Shaw

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

Ecologists who specialize in translational ecology (TE) seek to link ecological knowledge to decision making by integrating ecological science with the full complement of social dimensions that underlie today's complex environmental issues. TE is motivated by a search for outcomes that directly serve the needs of natural resource managers and decision makers. This objective distinguishes it from both basic and applied ecological research and, as a practice, it deliberately extends research beyond theory or opportunistic applications. TE is uniquely positioned to address complex issues through interdisciplinary team approaches and integrated scientist–practitioner partnerships. The creativity and context-specific knowledge of resource managers, …

Use Of Long Term Weather Data And Spatially Delineated Field Attributes To Predict Water And Energy Conservation From Variable Rate Irrigation, Sahil Sharma

Department of Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations and Theses

The declining levels of the Ogallala aquifer calls for more judicious use of water. Studies have shown that VRI has the potential for water savings. But adoption of VRI is still very low. The major reason is lack of information on the returns from the VRI systems and its feasibility in different fields. Also, a quantification of the required reduction in prices of VRI is necessary. So, an economic return analysis of VRI strategies was done to compare it to uniform irrigation management (UIM) using a water balance model based on long term weather data and field properties for a …

Proactive Sequential Resource (Re)Distribution For Improving Efficiency In Urban Environments, Supriyo Ghosh

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Due to the increasing population and lack of coordination, there is a mismatch in supply and demand of common resources (e.g., shared bikes, ambulances, taxis) in urban environments, which has deteriorated a wide variety of quality of life metrics such as success rate in issuing shared bikes, response times for emergency needs, waiting times in queues etc. Thus, in my thesis, I propose efficient algorithms that optimise the quality of life metrics by proactively redistributing the resources using intelligent operational (day-to-day) and strategic (long-term) decisions in the context of urban transportation and health & safety. For urban transportation, Bike Sharing …

Policy Analytics For Environmental Sustainability: Household Hazardous Waste And Water Impacts Of Carbon Pollution Standards, Kustini

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Policy analytics are essential in supporting more informed policy-making in environmental management. This dissertation employs a fusion of machine methods and explanatory empiricism that involves data analytics, math programming, optimization, econometrics, geospatial and spatiotemporal analysis, and other approaches for assessing and evaluating current and future environmental policies.
Essay 1 discusses household informedness and its impact on the collection and recycling of household hazardous waste (HHW). Household informedness is the degree to which households have the necessary information to make utility-maximizing decisions about the handling of their waste. Such informedness seems to be influenced by HHW public education and environmental quality …