Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Physics In Natural Ventilation Of Cities And Buildings, Yuguo Li

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Asian cities are mostly taller, denser, deeper and larger than those in the West, and the magnitudes of building drag or urban heat island circulation and their effects on city ventilation are also stronger. The physics of urban climate in these large cities is complex, as a combined result of local circulation and synoptic winds modified by the mountainous topography and land/sea breeze, if any. Natural ventilation of a city refers to the penetration and distribution of rural air into an urban canopy layer. The weakened city ventilation has become one major reason for worsening urban warming and air pollution …

Green Infrastructure And Urban Sustainability: Recent Advances And Future Challenges, Patricia J. Culligan, Robert A.W. Carleton, Christine S. Carleton

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Although the majority of urban green infrastructure (GI) programs in the United States, and elsewhere, are being driven by stormwater management challenges arising as a result of the impervious nature of modern cities, GI is also believed to provide other benefits that enhance urban sustainability. This paper discusses the role that GI systems might play in urban climate adaptation strategies for cities like New York City, where increases in both temperature and precipitation are projected over the coming decades. Examples of work conducted by the author and colleagues in New York City to quantify the performance of urban GI are …

Yukawa Potential Orbital Energy: Its Relation To Orbital Mean Motion As Well To The Graviton Mediating The Interaction In Celestial Bodies, Connor Martz, Sheldon Van Middelkoop, Ioannis Gkigkitzis, Ioannis Haranas, Ilias S. Kotsireas

Physics and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Research on gravitational theories involves several contemporary modified models that predict the existence of a non-Newtonian Yukawa-type correction to the classical gravitational potential. In this paper we consider a Yukawa potential and we calculate the time rate of change of the orbital energy as a function of the orbital mean motion for circular and elliptical orbits. In both cases we find that there is a logarithmic dependence of the orbital energy on the mean motion. Using that, we derive an expression for the mean motion as a function of the Yukawa orbital energy, as well as specific Yukawa potential parameters. …

Quantifying Climate Sensitivity And Climate-Driven Change In North American Amphibian Communities, David A. W. Miller, Evan H Campbell Grant, Erin Muths, Staci M. Amburgey, Michael J. Adams, Maxwell B. Joseph, J. Hardin Waddle, Pieter T. J. Johnson, Maureen E. Ryan, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Daniel L. Calhoun, Courtney L. Davis, Robert N. Fisher, David M. Green, Blake R. Hossack, Tracy A. G. Rittenhouse, Susan C. Walls, Larissa L. Bailey, Sam S. Cruickshank, Gary M. Fellers, Thomas A. Gorman, Carola A. Haas, Ward Hughson, David S. Pilliod, Steve J. Price, Andrew M. Ray, Walt Sadinski, Daniel Saenz, William J. Barichivich, Adrianne Brand

Forestry and Natural Resources Faculty Publications

Changing climate will impact species’ ranges only when environmental variability directly impacts the demography of local populations. However, measurement of demographic responses to climate change has largely been limited to single species and locations. Here we show that amphibian communities are responsive to climatic variability, using > 500,000 time-series observations for 81 species across 86 North American study areas. The effect of climate on local colonization and persistence probabilities varies among eco-regions and depends on local climate, species life-histories, and taxonomic classification. We found that local species richness is most sensitive to changes in water availability during breeding and changes in …

Investigation Of The Accuracy Of The Installation Of Cylindrical Spur Gears When Machining With Rolling Tools In The Conditions Of Nmp Mu Nmmc, B. T. Mardonov

Central Asian Problems of Modern Science and Education

For the production conditions of the NMP MU, it is very important to study the accuracy of the settings of the gear blanks on the tool holders. Therefore, the article considers the issue of studying the accuracy of the installation of gears in the factory and improving the accuracy of the installation through the use of biaxial shaft-hole joints

Study Of Copper-Polymer Complexes And Their Production, A. A. Sarimksakov, S. Sh. Rashidova, M. M. Baltaeva, Kh. O. Eshchanov

Central Asian Problems of Modern Science and Education

The article presents the process of obtaining the copper-polymer complex by a dry mechanochemical method

Mathematical Modelling Of Blood Flow, O. V. P. Joao, N. J. Khujatov

Central Asian Problems of Modern Science and Education

The paper presents the two-phase model to describe blood flow in large and in small blood vessels. Based on this model the study gives an explanation for long known features (effects) of blood flow in the vessels: dependence of the hematocrit (packed cell volume) on the diameter of the vessel, existence of cell-free plasma layer near the vessel wall, obtuse (as compared with the profile of Poiseuille flow) velocity profile of a blood; dependence of the blood viscosity on the diameter of the vessel. The researcher determines dependences of the blood rate and viscosity on the diameter of a blood …

Low-PT E+ E- Pair Production In Au + Au Collisions At √SNn = 193 Gev And U + U Collisions At √SNn = 193 Gev At Star, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J. R. Adams, James K. Adkins, G. Agakishiev, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, N. N. Ajitanand, I. Alekseev, D. M. Anderson, R. Aoyama, A. Aparin, D. Arkhipkin, E. C. Aschenauer, M. U. Ashraf, F. Atetalla, A. Attri, G. S. Averichev, X. Bai, V. Bairathi, K. Barish, A. J. Bassill, A. Behera, R. Bellwied, A. Bhasin, A. K. Bhati, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L. C. Bland, I. G. Bordyuzhin, Renee H. Fatemi, Suvarna Ramachandran

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We report first measurements of e⁺e⁻ pair production in the mass region 0.4 < M_ee < 2.6  GeV/c² at low transverse momentum (p_T < 0.15  GeV/c) in noncentral Au+Au collisions at √s_NN = 200  GeV and U+U collisions at √s_NN = 193  GeV. Significant enhancement factors, expressed as ratios of data over known hadronic contributions, are observed in the 40%–80% centrality of these collisions. The excess yields peak distinctly at low p_T with a width (√⟨p²_T⟩) between 40 and 60  MeV/c. The absolute cross section of …

Structural Evolution And Petroleum Potential Of A Cambrian Intracratonic Rift System: Mississippi Valley Graben, Rough Creek Graben, And Rome Trough, John B. Hickman, David C. Harris

Report of Investigations--KGS

Drilling and geophysical data demonstrate that the Mississippi Valley Graben, Rough Creek Graben, and Rome Trough are fault-bounded structures filled with as much as 27,000 ft of Cambrian sediments. Data including stratigraphic tops from 1,764 wells, 106 seismic profiles, aeromagnetic and gravity surveys, and mapped surface geology at a scale of 1:24,000 were used to study seven stratigraphic packages across parts of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Tennessee. Detailed analysis of the thickness patterns of these stratigraphic packages was used to interpret the locations and timing of movement along major fault systems in the study area.

Active rifting of …

Electronic Specific-Heat Anomalies In High-TC Cuprates, S. Dzhumanov, E. Karimboev, B. Yavidov

Bulletin of National University of Uzbekistan: Mathematics and Natural Sciences

In this work, we study the electronic specific heat $C_e(T)$ of underdoped to overdoped high-$T_c$ cuprates, and identify the nature of anomalies in $C_e(T)$ at the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ and at temperatures above $T_c$. The doped cuprate superconductor is considered as a multi-carrier model system which is composed of different types of charge carriers. The normal-state electronic specific heat $C_n(T)$ of high-$T_c$ cuprates below a characteristic pseudogap (PG) temperature $T^*$ is calculated taking into account three contributions coming from the excited components of Cooper pairs, the ideal Bose-gas of incoherent Cooper pairs and the unpaired carriers in the impurity …

Ill-Posed Boundary Value Problem For Operator-Differential Equation Of Fourth Order, Kudratillo Fayazov, Ikrom Khajiev, Z. Fayazova

Bulletin of National University of Uzbekistan: Mathematics and Natural Sciences

We prove the correctness of the conditional boundary value problem for an operator differential equation of the fourth order. A priori estimate is get. Uniqueness and conditional stability of solution are proved. The approximate solution is construct and get estimates of the norm of the difference between the exact and approximate solution.

Electron Exchange Between Impurity Centers Of Tin In Pbs And Pbse, S. Zaynabiddinov, K. Bobokhujaev

Bulletin of National University of Uzbekistan: Mathematics and Natural Sciences

Electron exchange between neutral and doubly ionized U-minus centers of tin in par-tially compensated solid solutions Pb_1-xSn_xS and Pb_1-xSn_xSe has been investigated using ^119mmSn(^119mSn) emission Mössbauer spectroscopy. The activation energy of the process for Pb_1-xSn_xS solid solutions is 0.11 ± 0.02 eV and is comparable to the depth of energy levels of tin in the PbS band gap, while the activation energy of this process for Pb_1-xSn_xSe solid solutions is comparable to the activation energy of donor U-minus centers …

Translation-Invariant Gibbs Measures Of A Model On Cayley Tree, Golibjon Botirov

Bulletin of National University of Uzbekistan: Mathematics and Natural Sciences

We consider a model where the spin takes values in the set [0,1]^d, and is assigned to the vertexes of the Cayley tree. We reduce the problem of describing the “splitting Gibbs measures” of the model to the description of the solutions of some non-linear integral equation. For a concrete form of the Kernel of the integral equation we show the uniqueness of solution.

Analysis Of Clusterization Of C70 Molecules In Benzene Solutions Prepared By Various Methods, U. Makhmanov, O. Ismailova, A. Kokhkharov, S. Bakhramov

Bulletin of National University of Uzbekistan: Mathematics and Natural Sciences

Self-assembling features of molecules of C₇₀ in benzene solution prepared in two various ways – equilibrium and non-equilibrium – has been investigated experimentally by method of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It was demonstrated, that the formation of densely packed monomolecular fullerene aggregates with a diameter of not more than 30 nm in solutions prepared by the equilibrium method (without the use of external mechanical influences on solution). In the case of solutions C₇₀, which were prepared by the non-equilibrium method (stirring of solution of C₇₀ by a mechanical rotator), large quasispherical aggregates of nanoporous structure with …

Solution And Solid-State Emission Toggling Of A Photochromic Hydrazone, Baihao Shao, Massimo Baroncini, Laura Bussotti, Mariangela Di Donato, Alberto Credi, Ivan Aprahamian

Dartmouth Scholarship

The proliferation of light-activated switches in recent years has enabled their use in a broad range of applications encompassing an array of research fields and disciplines. All current systems, however, have limitations (e.g., from complicated synthesis to incompatibility in biologically relevant media and lack of switching in the solid-state) that can stifle their real-life application. Here we report on a system that packs most, if not all, the desired, targeted and sought-after traits from photochromic compounds (bistability, switching in various media ranging from serum to solid-state, while exhibiting ON/OFF fluorescence emission switching, and two-photon assisted near-infrared light toggling) in an …

A Fundamental Investigation Into Low Thermal Conductivity P-Type Chalcogenides And Skutterudites With Potential Thermoelectric Applications, Dean Hobbis

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Sustainable and renewable energy is an incredibly important area in today’s society and investigation into avenues to improve this wide ranging technology are underway in many different fields. Thermoelectric devices possess the ability for the direct solid-state interconversion of heat and electrical power, which not only allows for sustainable refrigeration but also waste heat recovery. One current restriction on the efficiency of thermoelectric devices is the disparity in thermoelectric performance of p-type and n-type materials. Furthermore, a key physical attribute shared by the majority of high performing thermoelectric materials is low thermal conductivity. Thus in this thesis three separate p-type …

Optimal Control Strategies For Passive Heating And Cooling Elements Reduce Loads By Two-Thirds In The Adaptive Reuse Of A San Francisco Bay Area Office, Alexandra Rempel, Serena Lim

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Housing crises in urban centers and growing climate concerns are encouraging city planners and building owners to explore the conversion of commercial buildings into energy-efcient dwellings. Passive solar heating, shading, and natural ventilation are attractive in such adaptive reuse projects since they minimize operational energy, but they sufer from the perception of limited efectiveness, and passive heating is ofen disregarded entirely in cloudy climates. At the same time, passive heating has recently shown promise in the cloudy winters of western Oregon and upstate New York, allowing the San Francisco Bay area to provide an excellent opportunity for further exploration. Passive …

A Picture Is Worth A Thousand Words: Smartphone Photograph-Based Surveys For Collecting Data On Office Occupant Adaptive Opportunities, William O'Brien, Anthony Fuller, Marcel Schweiker, Julia Day

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In the past several decades, psychological aspects have been become important to holistic building occupant comfort and satisfaction evaluations. Psychological dimensions of comfort include occupants’ opportunities to interact with their indoor environment and perceived control over the indoor environment. Current post-occupancy evaluations tend to focus on collecting quantitative data, despite overwhelming evidence that contextual factors can profoundly impact occupant comfort. This paper proposes and tests a novel method for data collection to study adaptive comfort opportunities. A smartphone-based survey was developed to concurrently collect office occupants’ subjective evaluations of usability and comfort of spaces, in addition to photographs of all …

Sensing And Information Technologies For The Environment (Site); Hardware And Software Innovations In Mobile Sensing Technologies, Munitxa Maider, Elie Bou-Zeid, Biayna Bogosian, Abdulghafar Al Tair, David Radcliff, Scott Fisher, Youngryel Ryu

International Building Physics Conference 2018

This research focuses on the development and integration of low-cost Mobile Urban Sensing Technologies (MUST) and immersive environmental data exploration mechanisms with the ambition to inform citizens about their environments and aid scientists in uncovering the relations between the surface attributes and the urban environment. We propose to use 3D immersive environmental visualization techniques to enable a user-centered interactive analysis and rationalization of the available urban environmental data in relation to further urban attributes. With this ambition, we have developed three mobile apps that explore three strategies of Augmented Reality (AR) 3D visualizations of urban environmental data. While some data …

Renovation With Internal Insulation And Heat Recovery In Real Life– Energy Savings And Risk Of Mold Growth, Martin Morelli, Eva B. Møller

International Building Physics Conference 2018

This paper presents a pilot project for renovation of a large residential area; focus is on energy consumption and risk of mold growth. The renovation included internal insulation of walls with capillary active insulation material, balanced mechanical ventilation with heat recovery and insulation of floor towards basement. These types of measures are not completely new and have been used in other buildings as well, however the measures may be either risky regarding mold growth or the effect is uncertain with the specific external wall composition. A pilot project including six apartments was performed to test the measures in these specific …

Comparative Study Of Different Design Configurations Based On The Daylight And Visual Comfort Performance Of Electrochromic Glass In A Side-Lit Office Building, Amir Hosseinzadeh Zarrabi, Mona Azarbayjani, Armin Amirazar, Roshanak Asharafi

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The objective of this research is to demonstrate the application of an optimization framework to assess and improve the impacts of workstation properties in relation to the performance of electrochromic glass regarding daylight and visual comfort. This framework is executed through a simulation-based parametric modeling workflow of an open-plan office to optimize partition layout, height, direction to windows, and materiality in response to annual glare probability (DGP) and climate-based daylighting metrics. In this paper, different office layouts equipped with Electrochromic glass, located in a mixed-humid climate has been simulated with DIVA plug-in for Rhinoceros/grasshopper software to maximize the daylight and …

Exploring Occupants' Impact At Different Spatial Scales, Sara Gilani, William O'Brien, Burak H. Gunay

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Buildings' users have widely been accepted as a source of uncertainty in building energy performance predictions. However, it is not evident that the diversity of occupants' presence and behavior at the building level is as important as at the room level. The questions are: How should occupants be modeled at different spatial scales? At the various scales of interest, how much difference does it make if: (1) industry standard assumptions or a dynamic occupant modeling approach is used in a simulation-based analysis, and (2) probabilistic or deterministic models are used for the dynamic modeling of occupants? This paper explores the …

Assessment Of Cumulative Damage Of Selected Building Envelopes Exposed To Various Environmental Effects, Václav Kočí, Jiří Maděra, Robert Černý

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Hygrothermal performance of building envelopes based on three different building materials (solid brick, high performance concrete, aerated autoclaved concrete) is assessed under climatic conditions of Prague and Atlantic City. Main objective of the paper is to evaluate the influence of cumulative damage, which was induced by means of natural weathering in 2012- 2015 period, on the long-term performance. The performance is assessed using various measures, namely time-of-wetness function, number of freeze/thaw cycles, and annual amount of energy transmitted through the envelope. The results show that thermal performance of the envelopes gets mostly better after weathering as the annual amount of …

Pv-Pcm System Integrated Into A Double Skin Façade. A Genetic Optimization Based Study For The Pcm Type Selection, Hagar Elarga, Andrea Dal Monte, Francesco Goia, Ernesto Benini

International Building Physics Conference 2018

This paper reports the results of a genetic optimisation based numerical analysis of a PV-PCM system integrated into a double skin façade. The aim of the research activity was to develop and test the performance of a proposed simulation approach to identify the optimal configuration of the PCM layer, in terms of temperature transition range, and thickness, to assure the best energy performance of the façade system. Furthermore, because of the intimate relationship between the PCM’s features and the ventilated cavity to define the performance of the façade system, the domain of exploration included as variable the airflow rate and …

An Implementation For Transforming A Home Energy Management System To A Multi-Agent System, Helia Zandi, Michael Starke, Teja Kuruganti

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In the United States, 41% of produced energy is consumed by the building sector, i.e. residential and commercial buildings (Building Energy Data Book, Buildings Sector, US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, 2012. n.d.). The anticipation is that Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) will support energy efficiency gains through control of the devices in an optimal fashion. New opportunities are offering the ability to integrate grid type controls and the most suitable way to perform these controls is through a multi-agent system (MAS). In this paper, approaches on supporting a HEMS and MAS …

Bioclimatic Tools For Sustainable Design – Uncertainty Perspective, Krystyna Pietrzyk

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Overall, holistic approach in which the building is integrated into its environment with respect to building physics principles allows for discussion of a variety of passive strategies regarding the building placement (local climatic conditions, microclimate etc.), building types, building materials and technical systems. Bioclimatic design is referred to as a proper approach to highlight the connection of a building with the natural environment, which can be treated as the prerequisite for energy efficient design. The research results within the reliability studies of building performance become an inspiration for architects and engineers to further discuss tools supporting decisions at the early …

Campus As A Lab For Computer Vision-Based Heat Mapping Drones: A Case Study For Multiple Building Envelope Inspection Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (Uas), Tarek Rakha, Amanda Liberty, Alice Gorodetsky, Burak Kakillioglu, Senem Velipasalar

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS – a.k.a. drones) have evolved over the past decade as both advanced military technology and off-the-shelf consumer devices. There is a gradual shift towards public use of drones, which presents opportunities for effective remote procedures that can disrupt a variety of design disciplines. In architecture praxis, UAS equipment with remote sensing gear presents an opportunity for analysis and inspection of existing building stocks, where architects, engineers, building energy auditors as well as owners can document building performance, visualize heat transfer using infrared imaging and create digital models using 3D photogrammetry. Comprehensive energy audits are essential to …

Benchmarking The Energy Efficiency Of Office Buildings In Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Ana Carolina De Oliveira Veloso, Roberta Vieira Gonçalves De Souza

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In countries in which energy efficiency regulations are already consolidated or in the process of being consolidated, an important parameter to be verified is the relative consumption of electric energy of existing buildings in accordance with established ranges of consumption for different types of buildings. In the present paper ISO 52003-1 methodology was applied to create a benchmarking for office buildings for the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil and the work discusses the implications of using the standard’s methodology for the Brazilian scenario. To fulfill this objective, it was necessary to gather electric energy consumption data for this type of …

Neural Network Models Using Thermal Sensations And Occupants’ Behavior For Predicting Thermal Comfort, Zhipeng Deng, Qingyan Chen

International Building Physics Conference 2018

It is important to create comfortable indoor environments for building occupants. This study developed neural network (NN) models for predicting thermal comfort in indoor environments by using thermal sensations and occupants’ behavior. The models were trained by data on air temperature, relative humidity, clothing insulation, metabolic rate, thermal sensations, and occupants’ behavior collected in ten offices. The models were able to predict similar acceptable air temperature ranges in offices, from 20.6℃ to 25℃ in winter and from 20.6℃ to 25.6℃ in summer. The comfort zone obtained by the NN model using thermal sensations in the ten offices was narrower than …

Quantification Of Building Energy Performance Uncertainty Associated With Building Occupants And Operators, Sara Gilani, William O'Brien

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Occupants play an important role in building energy performance, while building operators are the other side of the coin. This research quantifies the relative impact of probabilistic versus standard occupant models on building energy use. Energy performance of a highperformance reference small office building in Ottawa, Canada, is investigated using a simulation-based analysis. The impact of building users is studied by systematically altering occupant and operator-related domains, including occupants' presence and use of lights, window shades, operable windows, plug-in appliances, and thermostats. The results showed that the predicted natural gas energy use increased by a factor of about two compared …