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2018

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Articles 2521 - 2550 of 13646

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Impact Of Indoor Temperature And Co2 Levels On Occupant Thermal Perception And Cognitive Performance Of Adult Female Students In Saudi Arabia, Riham Jaber Ahmed, Dejan Mumovic, Marcella Ucci Sep 2018

Impact Of Indoor Temperature And Co2 Levels On Occupant Thermal Perception And Cognitive Performance Of Adult Female Students In Saudi Arabia, Riham Jaber Ahmed, Dejan Mumovic, Marcella Ucci

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Due to hot arid climate in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, occupants rely on air conditioning (AC) to provide both ventilation requirements and thermal comfort. It is believed that this total reliance on AC have also a significant effect on thermal sensation as well as cognitive performance of building occupants. Using a multi-variable multilevel statistical analysis, the effects of classroom temperature and CO2 levels on cognitive performance were estimated. Eight neurobehavioral cognitive tests were used to evaluate cognitive performance of 499 female students (16-20 years old). In addition, thermal sensation votes were collected. All participants were exposed to nine different environmental conditions, …

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Numerical Analysis Of A Ground-Source Heat-Pump System In Traditional Japanese “Kyo-Machiya” Dwellings, Shun Takano, Chiemi Iba, Shuichi Hokoi Sep 2018

Numerical Analysis Of A Ground-Source Heat-Pump System In Traditional Japanese “Kyo-Machiya” Dwellings, Shun Takano, Chiemi Iba, Shuichi Hokoi

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Kyo-machiya, which is a traditional wooden dwelling in Kyoto, is generally equipped with a shallow well. The well water can be potentially utilized as a heat source with a geothermal heatpump system without incurring a high drilling cost. Hereby, more energy saving in the traditional dwelling can be realized with the heat-pump system. However, an appropriate technique to utilize geothermal heat from a shallow well has not been established yet in Japan. To promote the geothermal use, we have continued an experiment to evaluate the practicability of a simple geothermal heat-pump system installed in a shallow well since the winter …

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Lightlearn: Occupant Centered Lighting Controller Using Reinforcement Learning To Adapt Systems To Humans, June Young Park, Thomas Dougherty, Hagen Fritz, Zoltan Nagy Sep 2018

Lightlearn: Occupant Centered Lighting Controller Using Reinforcement Learning To Adapt Systems To Humans, June Young Park, Thomas Dougherty, Hagen Fritz, Zoltan Nagy

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Humans spend up to 90% of their time indoors, thus building systems should maintain the indoor environment within the comfort range. In this paper, we present LightLearn, a reinforcement learning based occupant centered lighting controller. The control agent interacts with the occupant non-intrusively, learns her/his preferences, and determines actions for achieving both human comfort and energy saving. We present system hardware, control algorithm, and experimental results of LightLearn for an office space. Compared to the full (9am-5pm) and occupancy based control, LightLearn reduced 83% and 63% of operation time, respectively, by adapting to the occupant.

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Sequential Monte Carlo For On-Line Estimation Of The Heat Loss Coefficient, Simon Rouchier, Maria José Jiménez, Sergio CastañO Sep 2018

Sequential Monte Carlo For On-Line Estimation Of The Heat Loss Coefficient, Simon Rouchier, Maria José Jiménez, Sergio CastañO

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The calibration of building energy models based on in-situ sensor information is generally performed after the measurement period, using all data in a single batch. Alternatively, on-line parameter estimation proposes updating a model every time a new data point is available: this allows observing a direct relation between external events and the identifiability of parameters. The present study uses the Sequential Monte Carlo method to train a RC model, and thus estimate a Heat Loss Coefficient, and other parameters, sequentially. Results show the direct impact of solicitations (solar irradiance and indoor heat input) on this estimation, in real time. The …

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Implementation Of Integrated Wireless Sensors Technology In Renovation Of Social Housing Buildings. A Danish Case Study., Hagar Elarga, Danai Alifragki, Carsten Rode Sep 2018

Implementation Of Integrated Wireless Sensors Technology In Renovation Of Social Housing Buildings. A Danish Case Study., Hagar Elarga, Danai Alifragki, Carsten Rode

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Social housing units built in the 1960s and 1970s make up one-fifth of all housing units in Denmark. Their renovation is an important step towards meeting the goals of the national energy road map. Sensors based on wireless technology could be considered a feasible solution to increase occupant’s awareness towards their indoor climate and their energy consumption. In the present experimental study, a framework implementing wireless sensors to monitor energy and indoor climate before and after renovation has been applied in two apartments of a Danish social housing site. In the first phase of the study, the accuracy of some …

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Dynamic Life Cycle Assessment Integrating Cultural Value, Ming Hu Sep 2018

Dynamic Life Cycle Assessment Integrating Cultural Value, Ming Hu

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Lack of spatial and temporal flexibility is a well-known limitation of current life cycle assessment (LCA). Exclusion of human and time consideration in LCA can also limit the potential of results. This paper explicitly proposes a dynamic life cycle framework and assessment model and demonstrated the potential importance of the method by integrating the cultural theory of risk. Cultural theory (CT) of risk was developed by anthropologist Mary Douglas and is originally a societal social anthropology approach based on the structure and functioning of groups within societies. Different society produces its own selected view of the natural environment, a view …

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Influence Of Illumination On Paper And Silk Used In Chinese Traditional Painting And Calligraphy Based On Raman Spectroscopy In Museum, Rui Dang, Huijiao Tan, Gang Liu, Nan Wang Sep 2018

Influence Of Illumination On Paper And Silk Used In Chinese Traditional Painting And Calligraphy Based On Raman Spectroscopy In Museum, Rui Dang, Huijiao Tan, Gang Liu, Nan Wang

International Building Physics Conference 2018

As the substrate of Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy, the paper and silk are susceptible to optical radiation in the museum illumination and appear mechanical damage such as brittleness, chalking, deformation, etc. However, there is no effective method now of quantitatively evaluating the mechanical damage of cultural relics caused by illumination. In this paper, Raman spectroscopy used in the analytical chemistry field was introduced into the illumination research of the cultural relics in museum. The four light sources with different center wavelengths of 450nm, 510nm, 583nm, and 650nm, which constitute the spectra of the white light-emitting-diode (LED), were used as …

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A Resilient Refurbishment Project For An Italian Large Sports Hall, Renata Morbiducci, Andrea Morini, Alberto Messico, Clara Vite Sep 2018

A Resilient Refurbishment Project For An Italian Large Sports Hall, Renata Morbiducci, Andrea Morini, Alberto Messico, Clara Vite

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In Europe the management costs and lack of flexibility of the sports halls, built in the second half of the ‘900, brought to the progressive abandonment of many structures. In this context the environmental, social and economic sustainable aspects of a refurbishment project of an Italian large sports hall, named “Palasport”, are presented. It was designed by a group of architects and engineers and completed in 1962. It is located in the expo area of Genoa, a north Italian city, called “Fiera del Mare” and it plays a strategic role in the social community. In the past it hosted several …

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The Co-Heating Test As A Means To Evaluate The Efficiency Of Thermal Retrofit Measures Applied On Residential Buildings, Evi Lambie, Marieline Senave, Dirk Saelens Sep 2018

The Co-Heating Test As A Means To Evaluate The Efficiency Of Thermal Retrofit Measures Applied On Residential Buildings, Evi Lambie, Marieline Senave, Dirk Saelens

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In order to reduce the energy use of residential buildings, regional governments in Belgium established, amongst others, mandatory criteria for the energy performance to be achieved after retrofitting. However, due to construction deficiencies, deviating boundary conditions, and nonmodeled physical phenomena and interactions, the actual energy performance may differ significantly from theoretical design value. Several studies indicate this as the performance gap. This paper focuses on analyzing the actual impact of the refurbishment measures applied to a single-family home in Belgium. Hereto, in-situ measurements assessing the building envelope’s thermal performance, described by the overall heat loss coefficient HLC [W/K], are performed …

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Investigation Of Energy Modelling Methods Of Multiple Fidelities: A Case Study, Naveen Kumar Muthumanickam, Vaclav Hasik, Mehmet Unal, Simon W. Miller, Tina Unwalla, Melissa M. Bilec, Lisa D. Iulo Sep 2018

Investigation Of Energy Modelling Methods Of Multiple Fidelities: A Case Study, Naveen Kumar Muthumanickam, Vaclav Hasik, Mehmet Unal, Simon W. Miller, Tina Unwalla, Melissa M. Bilec, Lisa D. Iulo

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Building energy modelling has become an integral part of building design due to energy consumption concerns in sustainable buildings. As such, energy modelling methods have evolved to the point of including higher-order physics, complex interconnected components and sub-systems. Despite advances in computer capacity, the cost of generating and running complex energy simulations makes it impractical to rely exclusively on such higher fidelity energy modelling for exploring a large set of design alternatives. This challenge of exploring a large set of alternatives efficiently might be overcome by using surrogate models to generalize across the large design space from an evaluation of …

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Towards Validation Of A Numerical Model Of A Test Cell Laboratory, Johannes Brozovsky, Matthias Haase, Alessandro Nocente, Nicola Lolli Sep 2018

Towards Validation Of A Numerical Model Of A Test Cell Laboratory, Johannes Brozovsky, Matthias Haase, Alessandro Nocente, Nicola Lolli

International Building Physics Conference 2018

No abstract provided.

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Offsetting Peak Residential Cooling Loads Using A Medium Temperature Chiller And Sensible Cold Thermal Storage, Christopher Baldwin, Cynthia A. Cruickshank Sep 2018

Offsetting Peak Residential Cooling Loads Using A Medium Temperature Chiller And Sensible Cold Thermal Storage, Christopher Baldwin, Cynthia A. Cruickshank

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Space cooling places a significant peak load on the electrical grid during hot, sunny afternoons. With the introduction of time-of-use billing, space cooling during these periods has become very expensive. To reduce utility costs and shift peak loads, the use of a medium temperature chiller coupled with a sensible cold thermal storage system was investigated. Optimal configurations were found for seven cities located within each of the seven ASHRAE climate zones and an analysis on the energy consumption and annual utility costs are presented. It was found that in all locations, peak loads from air-conditioning could be reduced or eliminated, …

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Water Uptake In Masonry: Effect Of Brick/Mortar Interface, Xiaohai Zhou, Guylaine Desmarais, Peter Vontobel, Jan Carmeliet, Dominique Derome Sep 2018

Water Uptake In Masonry: Effect Of Brick/Mortar Interface, Xiaohai Zhou, Guylaine Desmarais, Peter Vontobel, Jan Carmeliet, Dominique Derome

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Water transport in masonry walls composed of bricks and mortar joints can be strongly affected by the interface between brick and mortar. In this study, water uptake experiments and numerical simulations are performed to study the effect of interface resistance on moisture transport in masonry samples with horizontal and vertical interfaces. Neutron radiography is used to measure moisture content distribution in different masonry samples. An interface resistance is introduced to consider the imperfect contact between brick and mortar in the numerical model. A good agreement between measured and simulated moisture contents is found for different masonry samples. The orientation, horizontal …

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Computer Tomography As A Data Acquisition Tool For Quantifying And Modeling In-Pore Gypsum Crystallization In Building Materials, Steven Claes, Jelena Todorovic, Hans Janssen Sep 2018

Computer Tomography As A Data Acquisition Tool For Quantifying And Modeling In-Pore Gypsum Crystallization In Building Materials, Steven Claes, Jelena Todorovic, Hans Janssen

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In the last few decades a new type of persistent efflorescence has started appearing on ceramic brick facades in the UK, the Netherlands and in Belgium. Since the problem undermines the aesthetic appearance of masonry buildings, it results in a growing number of complaints from building owners. In the laboratory, gypsum efflorescence is typically studied via wicking tests. However, these often yield gypsum subflorescence instead, leading to significant pore clogging just below the evaporation surface. To gain further insight in that subflorescence and pore clogging, a correct quantification of the amount and the distribution of the gypsum crystalised in the …

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Passive Survivability In Residential Buildings During Heat Waves Under Dynamic Exterior Conditions, Timothy Aduralere, Jacqueline Isaacs, David Fannon Sep 2018

Passive Survivability In Residential Buildings During Heat Waves Under Dynamic Exterior Conditions, Timothy Aduralere, Jacqueline Isaacs, David Fannon

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The increased frequency of heat waves around the world has prompted numerous studies to improve building resilience and maintain thermal comfort in the face of extreme conditions. However, previous studies rely on the assumption of steady-state conditions, including external temperature, which limits real-world applicability, demanding a more practical perspective. This paper presents the use of recorded heat wave temperatures for a specified location to simulate the effect of extreme temperatures on the interior temperature of buildings when air conditioning is not used. The objective of this study is to determine how a building becomes uninhabitable during extreme heat and to …

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Characterisation Of The Flexibility Potential From Space Heating In French Residential Buildings, Jérôme Le Dréau, Johann Meulemans Sep 2018

Characterisation Of The Flexibility Potential From Space Heating In French Residential Buildings, Jérôme Le Dréau, Johann Meulemans

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Demand response (DR) at the building level (also named energy flexibility) will play an important role in facilitating energy systems based mostly or entirely on renewable energy sources. Flexibility is thus deemed necessary to control the energy consumption to match the actual energy generation from various renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. However, there is lack of comprehensive knowledge about how much energy flexibility different building types and their usage may be able to offer to the present or future energy systems. In this study, the flexibility potential of space heating is characterised among the building stock …

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Prosumer Cluster Of Single-Family Houses Under The Danish Net Metering Policy, Marijana Larma, Rongling Li, Carsten Rode Sep 2018

Prosumer Cluster Of Single-Family Houses Under The Danish Net Metering Policy, Marijana Larma, Rongling Li, Carsten Rode

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In the energy sector, prosumers are typically houses with rooftop PV. With the drastically falling prices of PV panels, the number of installations is rising. Prosumers can have negative impacts, on power grids especially in the distribution grid. In order to mitigate this effect, and for the own benefit of the prosumers, they can function as groups sharing their resources. A literature overview is given focusing on studies that deal with this issue from the prosumer perspective, showing that many optimization studies focus on maximizing economical benefits and others on self-consumption or related indicators by means of energy management strategies …

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Visualizing The Exergy Destructed In Exergy Delivery Chain In Relation To Human Thermal Comfort With Exflow, Hongshan Guo, Forrest Meggers Sep 2018

Visualizing The Exergy Destructed In Exergy Delivery Chain In Relation To Human Thermal Comfort With Exflow, Hongshan Guo, Forrest Meggers

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Exergy analysis is an important tool to fully appreciate the usability of energy at different levels and has been widely applied in the building system analysis domain. It has became more useful as low temperature heating and high temperature cooling began to attract more attention both in Europe and the United States. Using low-grade energy to supply for these systems have, in return, led to an increase in awareness of low exergy (LowEx) system designs. The possibility of modeling the last missing link in the system that is to delivery thermal comfort, the human body, have therefore became a topic …

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A Method For An Effective Microclimate Management In Historical Buildings Combining Monitoring And Dynamic Simulation: The Case Of “Museo Archeologico Di Priverno”, Francesca Frasca, Cristina Cornaro, Anna Maria Siani Sep 2018

A Method For An Effective Microclimate Management In Historical Buildings Combining Monitoring And Dynamic Simulation: The Case Of “Museo Archeologico Di Priverno”, Francesca Frasca, Cristina Cornaro, Anna Maria Siani

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In this work a method is proposed to estimate the effect of indoor microclimate on the risk of degradation of ancient materials stored in historical buildings. The method, which combines microclimate observations and dynamic simulation, has shown to be strategic in preventive conservation of historical buildings. Indeed, once the building model is calibrated, it can be effectively used for evaluating the microclimate control solutions on the conservation reducing general degradation risks. The method has been applied to a historical building close to Rome, where deteriorations in ceilings occurred and visitors complain about thermal discomfort. First, the HVAC system in the …

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Ieq Measurement And Assessment Tools For Plug-And-Play Deep Renovation In Buildings, Marco Arnesano, Gian Marco Revel, Rizal Sebastian, Anna Gralka, Carlo Macciò, Eva Raggi, Michele Mililli Sep 2018

Ieq Measurement And Assessment Tools For Plug-And-Play Deep Renovation In Buildings, Marco Arnesano, Gian Marco Revel, Rizal Sebastian, Anna Gralka, Carlo Macciò, Eva Raggi, Michele Mililli

International Building Physics Conference 2018

This paper presents the approach developed for the monitoring and assessment of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in the whole deep renovation process aimed at reducing energy consumptions and improving comfort. The research was performed by the P2Endure project, that aims to provide scalable, adaptable and ready-to-implement prefabricated Plug-and-Play systems for deep renovation of building envelopes and technical systems. The idea is to use IEQ as one of the design criteria supporting the decision-making process, included into the holistic renovation process developed by P2Endure and called “4M: Mapping-Modelling- Making-Monitoring”. For this reason, a set of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) was selected, …

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Thermal And Mycological Active Protection Of Historic Buildings On The Example Of The Baroque Residence Of Polish Kings In Wilanów, Robert Wójcik, Piotr Kosiński Sep 2018

Thermal And Mycological Active Protection Of Historic Buildings On The Example Of The Baroque Residence Of Polish Kings In Wilanów, Robert Wójcik, Piotr Kosiński

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Protection of the external partitions of historic buildings is a broad topic due to the limited possibilities of interfering with the structure. Restoration restrictions on prevention in the mycological protection of historic buildings are so large that, from the broad list of possible protective measures, practically only the heating of the nodes and the control of air parameters are practically safe. The reason for restrictions is the lack of possibility of introducing architectural changes and the limited possibility of interfering into the structure of external partitions. A fast method that uses fluorescence was used for quantitative assessment of the mycelium …

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The Thermal Resistance Of Retrofitted Building Components Based On In-Situ Measurements, Evi Lambie, Dirk Saelens Sep 2018

The Thermal Resistance Of Retrofitted Building Components Based On In-Situ Measurements, Evi Lambie, Dirk Saelens

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Buildings are responsible for a large share of the worldwide energy use. For new buildings very strict objectives for the energy performance of buildings are set. The main energy use however occurs in existing buildings emphasizing the need for renovation of the older building stock. In order to detect deviations from the theoretical performance, in-situ measurements of the envelope performance after renovation can give insight in the workmanship and issues with different renovation techniques. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to determine the thermal resistance of building components from in-situ measurements, before and after renovation. Different methods were applied …

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Wireless Sensor System For Intelligent Facades, Ayman Bishara, Helge Kramberger, Andreas Weder, Marcus Pietzsch Sep 2018

Wireless Sensor System For Intelligent Facades, Ayman Bishara, Helge Kramberger, Andreas Weder, Marcus Pietzsch

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The integration of a wireless-transponder system into building components (“intelligent building materials”) with built-in relative humidity and temperature sensors (RH, T) allows for a cost-efficient and non-destructive measurement of data regarding the current hygrothermal conditions of a building. Even during long-term use, quality assurance of the building system can be achieved by “looking into” the component. This supports the sustainability of the building from both a technical and an ecological point of view. In this paper, the development, the functionality and the exemplary application of Radio Frequency (RF), as well as an hygro-thermal analysis for solving the challenges of building-climatology …

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Pareto Optimality Analysis For Evaluating The Tradeoff Between Visual Comfort And Energy Efficiency, Maryam Hamidpour, Vincent Blouin Sep 2018

Pareto Optimality Analysis For Evaluating The Tradeoff Between Visual Comfort And Energy Efficiency, Maryam Hamidpour, Vincent Blouin

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Architectural designs are increasingly driven by both sustainability and health, which requires evaluating the tradeoff between visual comfort and energy consumption. Lack of daylight leads to poor visual comfort and health issues but reduces heat gains, while excessive daylight may lead to over-illumination, glare, and high heat gains. Identifying the tradeoff between multiple criteria is an intricate process that requires skill and experience, especially when dealing with complex phenomena such as visual comfort. In order to facilitate this process, this paper provides two contributions: (1) the description of a new single-valued visual comfort measure, and (2) the application of the …

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Optimal Passive Design Strategies For Nearly Zero-Energy Dwellings In Different Chilean Climates Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms, Daniela Besser, Frank U. Vogdt Sep 2018

Optimal Passive Design Strategies For Nearly Zero-Energy Dwellings In Different Chilean Climates Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms, Daniela Besser, Frank U. Vogdt

International Building Physics Conference 2018

At present, most developed countries attempt to highly diminish the energy consumption of buildings towards nearly zero-energy performances. This study assesses passive design strategies by means of multi-objective optimizations with genetic algorithms, aiming to minimize the heating and cooling demand of typical single-family dwellings in Chile. The results show that the thermal transmittance and airtightness of the whole building envelope should be highly improved from the current limiting values in all assessed locations. Complementarily, strategies for managing overheating would be crucial for avoiding to shift the heating demand into cooling. With this regard, the use of thermal mass, natural ventilation …

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Determination Of The Input Data For Computational Simulation Of Active Glazing With Changeable Optical Properties, Dariusz Heim, Dominika Knera, Anna Wieprzkowicz Sep 2018

Determination Of The Input Data For Computational Simulation Of Active Glazing With Changeable Optical Properties, Dariusz Heim, Dominika Knera, Anna Wieprzkowicz

International Building Physics Conference 2018

No abstract provided.

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Predicting The Thermal Conductivity Of Porous Building Materials With Nanopores Or Reduced Gas Pressures, Wouter Van De Walle, Hans Janssen Sep 2018

Predicting The Thermal Conductivity Of Porous Building Materials With Nanopores Or Reduced Gas Pressures, Wouter Van De Walle, Hans Janssen

International Building Physics Conference 2018

No abstract provided.

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Rational Selection Of Experimental Readouts For Hygric Material Characterisation, Evy Vereecken, Hans Janssen, Staf Roels Sep 2018

Rational Selection Of Experimental Readouts For Hygric Material Characterisation, Evy Vereecken, Hans Janssen, Staf Roels

International Building Physics Conference 2018

No abstract provided.

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A State-Space Based Method To Predict Thermal Performance Of Pipeembedded Double Skin Façade: Case Study In Guangzhou, Shuai Yan, Weihua Lv, Chong Shen, Xianting Li Sep 2018

A State-Space Based Method To Predict Thermal Performance Of Pipeembedded Double Skin Façade: Case Study In Guangzhou, Shuai Yan, Weihua Lv, Chong Shen, Xianting Li

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Pipe-embedded double skin facade, which arranges pipes in shading device, is an alternative to reduce indoor demand and save energy. To simulate annual performance of this system, a simplified approach based on optical and thermal property is proposed at first, in which dynamic performance is acquired through state-space method. Then the model is validated with former investigation and shows good accuracy. Indoor room temperature with the pipe-embedded double skin façade is analyzed under different types of room in Guangzhou at last. Results show that the pipe-embedded double skin façade could guarantee a barely satisfactory indoor environment where indoor heat gain …

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Adsorption And Film Forming Of Train Of Water Droplets Impacting Porous Stones, Dominique Derome, Stephan Carl, Peter Vontobel, Jan Carmeliet Sep 2018

Adsorption And Film Forming Of Train Of Water Droplets Impacting Porous Stones, Dominique Derome, Stephan Carl, Peter Vontobel, Jan Carmeliet

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The phenomenon of droplets impacting porous media is ubiquitous in rain events. Rain is a major source of moisture in buildings. When a water droplet impacts a permeable surface, it spreads on the surface and is absorbed into the porous material due to capillary action. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the absorption and film forming during train of liquid droplets impacting porous stones, towards establishing the fate of rain droplets during rain events.

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