Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Archean Phosphorus Liberation Induced By Iron Redox Geochemistry, Barry Herschy, Sae Jung Chang, Ruth Blake, Aivo Lepland, Heather Abbott-Lyon, Jacqueline Sampson, Zachary Atlas, Terence P. Kee, Matthew A. Pasek

Faculty Articles

The element phosphorus (P) is central to ecosystem growth and is proposed to be a limiting nutrient for life. The Archean ocean may have been strongly phosphorus-limited due to the selective binding of phosphate to iron oxyhydroxide. Here we report a new route to solubilizing phosphorus in the ancient oceans: reduction of phosphate to phosphite by iron(II) at low (<200 >°C) diagenetic temperatures. Reduction of phosphate to phosphite was likely widespread in the Archean, as the reaction occurs rapidly and is demonstrated from thermochemical modeling, experimental analogs, and detection of phosphite in early Archean rocks. We further demonstrate that the …

Magnetothermal Disc Winds In X-Ray Binaries: Poloidal Magnetic Fields Suppress Thermal Winds, Tim Waters, Daniel Proga

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

Magnetic, radiation pressure, and thermal driving are the three mechanisms capable of launching accretion disc winds. In X-ray binaries, radiation pressure is often not significant, as in many systems the luminosity is too low for driving due to continuum transitions yet too high for driving due to line transitions. This leaves thermal and magnetic driving as the contender launching mechanisms in these systems. Using ATHENA++, we perform axisymmetric ideal MHD simulations that include radiative heating and cooling processes appropriate for Compton heated winds to show that the inclusion of magnetic fields into a thermally driven wind has the opposite effect …

Survival Of Non-Coplanar, Closely Packed Planetary Systems After A Close Encounter, David R. Rice, Frederic A. Rasio, Jason H. Steffen

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

Planetary systems with more than two bodies will experience orbital crossings at a time related to the initial orbital separations of the planets. After a crossing, the system enters a period of chaotic evolution ending in the reshaping of the system’s architecture via planetary collisions or ejections. We carry out N-body integrations on a large number of systems with equally spaced planets (in units of the Hill radius) to determine the distribution of instability times for a given planet separation. We investigate both the time to the initiation of instability through a close encounter and the time to a planet--planet …

Rossby Wave Breaking And Isentropic Stratosphere‐Troposphere Exchange During 1981–2015 In The Northern Hemisphere, Ping Jing, Swarnali Banerjee

Mathematics and Statistics: Faculty Publications and Other Works

To better understand the potential effects of climate change on atmospheric dynamics, this paper studies Rossby wave breaking and isentropic stratosphere‐troposphere exchange (STE) in the Northern Hemisphere between 320 and 380 K during 1981–2015 using the Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application version 2 data. The isentropic STE is estimated using Contour Advection. Our results show that anticyclonic wave breaking events have become more frequent, especially in summer at higher isentropic surfaces, and cyclonic wave breaking events have become less frequent at 320 K. The anticyclonic wave breaking has shifted poleward in summer. The isentropic STE is found to …

Estimating And Correcting Interference Fringes In Infrared Spectra In Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging, Ghazal Azarfar, Ebrahim Aboualizadeh, Nicholas Walter,, Simona Ratti, Camilla Olivieri, Alessandra Alessandra, Michael Nasse, Achim Kohler, Mario Giordano, Carol Hirschmugl

Physics Faculty Articles

Short-term acclimation response of individual cells of Thalassiosira weissflogii was monitored by Synchrotron FTIR imaging over the span of 75 minutes. The cells, collected from batch cultures, were maintained in a constant flow of medium, at an irradiance of 120 μmol m−2 s−1 and at 20 °C. Multiple internal reflections due to the micro fluidic channel were modeled, and showed that fringes are additive sinusoids to the pure absorption of the other components of the system. Preprocessing of the hyperspectral cube (x, y, Abs(λ)) included removing spectral fringe using an EMSC approach. Principal component analysis of the time series of …

Reliable Delay Based Algorithm To Boost Puf Security Against Modeling Attacks, Fathi Amsaad, Mohammaed Niamat, Amer Dawoud, Selcuk Kose

Faculty Publications

Silicon Physical Unclonable Functions (sPUFs) are one of the security primitives and state-of-the-art topics in hardware-oriented security and trust research. This paper presents an efficient and dynamic ring oscillator PUFs (d-ROPUFs) technique to improve sPUFs security against modeling attacks. In addition to enhancing the Entropy of weak ROPUF design, experimental results show that the proposed d-ROPUF technique allows the generation of larger and updated challenge-response pairs (CRP space) compared with simple ROPUF. Additionally, an innovative hardware-oriented security algorithm, namely, the Optimal Time Delay Algorithm (OTDA), is proposed. It is demonstrated that the OTDA algorithm significantly improves PUF reliability under varying …

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Stranded Cellular Automaton And Weaving Products, Hao Yang

Mathematical Sciences Technical Reports (MSTR)

In order to analyze weaving products mathematically and find out valid weaving products, it is natural to relate them to Cellular Automaton. They are both generated based on specific rules and some initial conditions. Holden and Holden have created a Stranded Cellular Automaton that can represent common weaving and braiding products. Based on their previous findings, we were able to construct a Java program and analyze various aspects of the automaton they created. This paper will discuss the complexity of the Stranded Cellular Automaton, how to determine whether a weaving product holds together or not based on the automaton and …

Human Hexokinase I - Allosteric Regulation: Model File Name: 1dgk-Editb22-Allostery_Sc06.Stl, Michelle Howell, Rebecca Roston

3-D Printed Model Structural Files

This is a teaching model of human Hexokinase I in a surface representation with small molecules ADP and G6P included (PDB: 1DGK). It is designed to be hollow with a lever to mimic allosteric regulation. The printable model is already uploaded to Shapeways.com in the MacroMolecules shop under the name “Human Hexokinase I - Allosteric regulation model”. This model has been printed successfully using these parameters on Shapeways’ laser sintering printer in the following material: Processed Versatile Plastic (Strong & Flexible Plastic).

The Synthesis And Characterization Of A Magnetite Nanoparticle With Potent Antibacterial Activity And Low Mammalian Toxicity, Seyedeh Maryamdokht Taimoory, Abbas Rahdar, Mousa Aliahmad, Fardin Sadeghfar, Mohammad Reza Hajinezhad, Mohammad Jahantigh, Parisa Shahbazi, John F. Trant

Chemistry and Biochemistry Publications

Magnetite has shown some promise as a biomedical material and antibacterial agent; however the benefits are normally only realized when it is used in combination with other metals or drugs. Unfunctionalized magnetite may be a biocompatible alternative. This report discusses the synthesis and potent antibacterial activity, with low associated mammalian organ toxicity, of nanomagnetite particles. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were electrochemically prepared in a green surfactant-free, closed water loop system. These materials, characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and vibrational magnetometry, also appear contaminated with Fe-O-O-H functionalities. This physical characterization is accompanied by a computational investigation of truncated clusters showing that a …

Reversible Motion In A Contact Line, Audrey Profeta, Esmeralda Orozco, Juan A. Ortiz Salazar, Dani Medina, Nathan C. Keim

STAR Program Research Presentations

When a body of liquid sits on a surface, an irregular border between the wet and dry regions of the surface exists, called the contact line. Driving this contact line back and forth repeatedly can change its shape.We use a syringe pump to cyclically infuse and withdraw a predetermined volume of water, and take photos of the contact line after each cycle. Comparing these images to each other determines if the contact line is returning to the same shape. We find that below a critical value of infused volume, after many cycles the contact line reaches a steady state in …

Hpc For Predictive Models In Healthcare, Luiz Fernando Capretz

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

Increasingly we are faced with complex health data, thus researchers are limited in their capacity to mine data in a way that accounts for the complex inter-relationships between health variables of interest. This research tackles the challenge of producing accurate health prediction models in order to overcome the limitations of simple multivariate regression techniques and the assumption of linear association, also known as algorithmic models, by combining it with a soft computing approach. Predictive models develop methods to enable healthcare researchers and professionals to predict the likelihood of an individual's proclivity to a disease and the likely effectiveness of possible …

On The Interaction Of The North Andes Plate With The Caribbean And South American Plates In Northwestern South America From Gps Geodesy And Seismic Data, Omar J. Pérez, Steven G. Wesnousky, Roberto De La Rosa, Julio Márquez, Redescal Uzcátegui, Christian Quintero, Luis Liberal, Héctor Mora-Páez, Walter Szeliga

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

We examine the hypocentral distribution of seismicity and a series of geodetic velocity vectors obtained from Global Positioning System observations between 1994 and 2015 both offshore and mainland northwestern South America (66°W–77°W; 8°N–14°N). Our analysis, that includes a kinematic block modelling, shows that east of the Caribbean–South American–North Andes plates’ triple junction at ∼68°W; 10.7°N, right-lateral easterly oriented shear motion (∼19.6 ± 2.0 mm yr⁻¹) between the Caribbean and South America plates is split along two easterly striking, right-lateral strike-slip subparallel fault zones: the San Sebastián fault that runs off-shore the Venezuelan coast and slips about 17.0±0.5mm …

Engineered Nanoparticles Interact With Nutrients To Intensify Eutrophication In A Wetland Ecosystem Experiment, Marie Simonin, Benjamin P. Colman, Steven M. Anderson, Ryan S. King, Matthew T. Ruis, Astrid Avellan, Christina M. Bergemann, Brittany G. Perrotta, Nicholas K. Geitner, Mengchi Ho, Belen De La Barrera, Jason M. Unrine, Gregory V. Lowry, Curtis J. Richardson, Mark R. Wiesner, Emily S. Bernhardt

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Despite the rapid rise in diversity and quantities of engineered nanomaterials produced, the impacts of these emerging contaminants on the structure and function of ecosystems have received little attention from ecologists. Moreover, little is known about how manufactured nanomaterials may interact with nutrient pollution in altering ecosystem productivity, despite the recognition that eutrophication is the primary water quality issue in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. In this study, we asked two main questions: (1) To what extent do manufactured nanoparticles affect the biomass and productivity of primary producers in wetland ecosystems? (2) How are these impacts mediated by nutrient pollution? To address …

Atomically Dispersed Pd On Nanodiamond/Graphene Hybrid For Selective Hydrogenation Of Acetylene, Fei Huang, Yuchen Deng, Yunlei Chen, Xiangbin Cai, Mia Peng, Zhimin Jia, Pengju Ren, Dequan Xiao, Xiaodong Wen, Ning Wang, Hongyang Liu, Ding Ma

Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications

An atomically dispersed palladium (Pd) catalyst supported onto a defective nanodiamond-graphene (ND@G) is reported here for selective hydrogenation of acetylene in the presence of abundant ethylene. The catalyst exhibits remarkable performance for the selective conversion of acetylene to ethylene: high conversion (100%), ethylene selectivity (90%), and good stability (i.e., steady for at least 30 hours). The unique struc-ture of the catalyst (i.e., atomically dispersion of Pd atoms on graphene through Pd-C bond anchoring) ensure the facile desorption of ethylene against the over-hydrogenation of ethylene to undesired ethane, which is the key for the outstanding selectivity of the catalyst.

Multiyear Patterns In Benthic Algal Fatty-Acid Compounds Under Agricultural Stress, Sarah Whorley, John Wehr

Articles & Book Chapters

Benthic algae are the nutritional base of most freshwater food webs. Here we consider the nutritional contribution of benthic algae in the form of fatty acids (FAs) over multiple seasons and years. Our study was conducted in the Upper Delaware River watershed (New York, USA), where best-management practices (BMPs) had been implemented over varying numbers of years (BMP age) to mitigate effects of agricultural activities in the watershed. We defined 4 BMP categories by the presence and duration of management used in each stream drainage prior to initiating our study: 1) reference (unaffected), 2) no BMP (agriculturally affected), 3) new …

Chem 231-001 Physical Chemistry I, Lev Krasnoperov

Chemistry, Environmental and Forensic Science Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Evsc 335-001: Environmental Law, Michael Bonchonsky

Chemistry, Environmental and Forensic Science Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Evsc 715-851: Energy And Sustainability, Michael Bonchonsky

Chemistry, Environmental and Forensic Science Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Chem 661-101: Instrumentation Analysis Lab, Somenath Mitra

Chemistry, Environmental and Forensic Science Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Chem 125 - General Chemistry I, Alisa Krishtal

Chemistry, Environmental and Forensic Science Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Chem 244 - Organic Chemistry Ii, Tamara Gund

Chemistry, Environmental and Forensic Science Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Chem 244-003: Organic Chemistry Ii, Ngozi Onyia

Chemistry, Environmental and Forensic Science Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Chem 125-H01: General Chemistry I (Honors), Bhavani Balasubramanian

Chemistry, Environmental and Forensic Science Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Chem 748-101: Nanomaterials, Zafar Iqbal

Chemistry, Environmental and Forensic Science Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Chem 360-001 Environmental Chemistry, Alexei Khalizov

Chemistry, Environmental and Forensic Science Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Cause And Consequence Of Aβ – Lipid Interactions In Alzheimer Disease Pathogenesis, Vijayaraghavan Rangachari, Dexter N. Dean, Pratip Rana, Ashuwin Vaidya, Preetam Ghosh

Department of Mathematics Facuty Scholarship and Creative Works

Self-templating propagation of protein aggregate conformations is increasingly becoming a significant factor in many neurological diseases. In Alzheimer disease (AD), intrinsically disordered amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides undergo aggregation that is sensitive to environmental conditions. High-molecular weight aggregates of Aβ that form insoluble fibrils are deposited as senile plaques in AD brains. However, low-molecular weight aggregates called soluble oligomers are known to be the primary toxic agents responsible for neuronal dysfunction. The aggregation process is highly stochastic involving both homotypic (Aβ-Aβ) and heterotypic (Aβ with interacting partners) interactions. Two of the important members of interacting partners are membrane lipids and surfactants, to …

A Further Extension Of The Extended Riemann-Liouville Fractional Derivative Operator, Martin Bohner, Gauhar Rahman, Shahid Mubeen, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The main objective of this paper is to establish the extension of an extended fractional derivative operator by using an extended beta function recently defined by Parmar et al. by considering the Bessel functions in its kernel. We also give some results related to the newly defined fractional operator, such as Mellin transform and relations to extended hypergeometric and Appell's function via generating functions.

Report Of Community Conversations About Gender Roles In Livestock, Mamusha Lemma, Wole Kinati, Annet Mulema, Zekarias Bassa, Abiro Tigabe, Hiwot Desta, Mesfin Mekonnen, Tadious Asfaw

Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications

The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and the International Center for Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) gender and animal health teams facilitated community conversations (CCs) about gender roles in livestock husbandry in three districts in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR) and Amhara region from 30 May–07 June 2018. These dictricts were: Doyogena (Hawora Arara and Ancha Sadicha kebeles) of SNNPR from 30 and 31 May; and Menz Gera district (Sine Amba kebele) and Menz Mama district (Key Afer kebele) of Amhara from June 6–7. In Doyogena, the team held the conversations in farmer training centres (FTCs) …

Crystal Structure Of [Mu-1kappa^2c^1,C^4:2(1,2,3,4-Eta)-1,2,3,4-Tetraphenylbuta-1,3-Diene-1,4-Diyl]Bis(Tricarbonylosmium)(Os---Os), Gregory Powell, Cynthia Powell

Chemistry and Biochemistry

In the title complex C34H20O6Os2 or (mu-eta^4-C4Ph4}$)Os2(CO)6, one Os atom is part of a metallacyclopentadiene ring, while the second Os atom is pi-bonded to the organic portion of this ring. The distance of 2.7494(2)A between the two Os atoms is typical of an Os---Os single bond. Three carbonyl ligands are attached to each Os atom and these six carbonyls adopt an eclipsed conformation. There are no bridging or semibridging CO groups. Two carbonyl ligands and all four phenyl groups are disordered over two slightly different positions for which each atom in the minor components is displaced less than 1A from …