Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Widening The Adaptation Of White Clover By Incorporation Of Valuable New Traits From Wild Clover Species, Warren M. Williams, Isabelle M. Verry, Syed Wajid Hussain, H. A. Ansari, K. H. Widdup, N. W. Ellison, Shirley N. Nichols

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Although white clover (Trifolium repens) is the most widely used legume in grazed pastures of temperate and sub-tropical regions, it is severely restricted in genetic diversity for adaptive traits to low soil fertility and other stress environments, including drought. The objective of this research was to transfer traits for wider adaptation from other clover species by hybridisation. Eight Trifolium species with contrasting adaptations were shown by DNA sequence phylogenetics to be closely related to white clover. Interspecific hybridisation was undertaken among these species using embryo rescue, and an array of partially fertile F1 hybrids was obtained. Population development …

Commercialisation And Impacts Of Pasture Legumes In Southern Australia–Lessons Learnt, Clinton K. Revell, Michael A. Ewing, Daniel Real, Phillip G. H. Nichols, Graeme A. Sandral

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Forage legumes are a key feature of temperate grasslands in southern Australia, valued for their ability to increase animal production, improve soil fertility and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Of the 36 temperate annual legume and 11 temperate perennial legume species with registered cultivars introduced or domesticated in Australia over the last 100 years, a third have made a major contribution to agriculture, a third have modest use and a third have failed to make any commercial impact. Highly successful species include subterranean clover, barrel medic, white clover, lucerne, French serradella and balansa clover. Species were assessed on the scale of their …

Global Impact Of Sown Temperate Pastures On Productivity And Ecosystem Stability–What Progress Have We Made?, E. Charles Brummer

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Twenty years ago, in 1993, we published one of the first two alfalfa genetic linkage maps. At the time, hopes ran high that genetic marker technologies would revolutionize selection, making the development of superior cultivars both easier and faster. The objective of this paper is to critically examine forage improvement since that time and to suggest ways to more fully capitalize on those initial hopes in the future. Marker studies have been conducted around the world, identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the major agronomically important traits, including biomass yield, nutritive value, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and others. But …

Structural Characteristics Of Porto Rico Stargrass (Cynodon Nlemfuensis) Pastures Under Different Frequencies And Severities Of Defoliation, Carlos Augusto Brandão De Carvalho, Sergio Trabali Camargo Filho, Domingos Sávio Campos Paciullo, Pablo Giliard Zanella, Elisa Cristina Modesto, Priscila Beligoli Fernandes

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

An understanding of the effects of frequency and severity of defoliation on the sward structure of pastures is essential for identifying pasture management strategies that are more efficient in forage usage in tropical environments (Da Silva and Nascimento Jr 2007; Euclides et al. 2010). Some pasture species have not yet been investigated in this way, e.g. cultivars of Cynodon. The potential of this grass in tropical environments suggests that it should be given priority (Pedreira 2010). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of 2 frequencies (90 and 95% light interception) and severities (20 and 30 cm …

Effect Of Grazing Height On Marandu Pasture Production And Performance Of Soybean Grain-Supplemented Nellore Bulls, Andre L. S. Valente, Ricardo A. Reis, Sharadinny M. C. Dos Santos, Fernando H. M. De Souza, Telma T. Berchielli, Ana C. Ruggieri, Sabrina S. Santana, Juliana M. Serra

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The Brazilian beef cattle industry is primarily based on the use of pastures. Grasses belonging to the genus Brachiaria are extremely important, regardless of whether the production system used is intensive or extensive.

Appropriate management of the system is vital for obtaining a high efficiency of resource usage. Adjustment of stocking rate to maintain optimum forage allowance and feeding of supplements are strategies for achieving these aims. Feeding of concentrates on pasture can result in increased carrying capacity and higher weight gains over unsupplemented systems.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3 different grazing heights …

Establishment Of Leucaena Leucocephala Cv. Tarramba In Eastern Indonesia, Jacob Nulik, H. Dahlanuddin, Debora Kana Hau, Charles Pakereng, Resti G. Edison, Dessy Liubana, S. P. Ara, Hayley E. Giles

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The adaptability and productive value of Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba (Tarramba) in eastern Indonesia has been observed since 2001 (Nulik et al. 2004), with many farmers and other stakeholders currently requesting seed for planting. Tarramba has greater forage and timber production, and psyllid tolerance than other commercial cultivars and locally grown leucaena. The variability of soils and climate in eastern Indonesia means that establishment techniques specific to the region are required to achieve maximum adoption and utilisation of Tarramba.

Potential Of Australian Bermudagrasses (Cynodon Spp.) For Pasture In Subtropical Australia, Andrew Hacker, Meena Puachuay, H. Max Shelton, Scott A. Dalzell, Haider Al Dabbagh, Margaret Jewell, Thinh Van Tran, The Ngo, Yi Zhou, Michael J. Halliday, Hayley E. Giles, Don S. Loch, Ian D. Godwin, Fukai Shu, Chris O’Brien, Will Pearce, William F. Anderson, Christopher J. Lambrides

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In Australia, little work has been carried out on the improvement of tropical or subtropical pastures in recent years. There seems to be an increasing demand for pastures that can withstand heavy grazing, while producing high yields of high quality forage in the humid subtropical regions of Australia. Most graziers, who live in these areas, have small acreages, which they graze intensively. Cynodon spp. represent a potential source of grasses with these attributes. This study will evaluate the pasture potential of a large number of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) ecotypes collected from across Australia.

Selection Of Psyllid-Resistant Forage Varieties From An Inter-Specific Breeding Program Of Leucaena Leucocephala With L. Pallida, Scott A. Dalzell, Lachlan M. Robertson, Christopher J. Lambrides, James L. Brewbaker, Del Greenway, Mark Dieters, H. Max Shelton

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) pastures for beef cattle production are productive and sustainable; however, susceptibility to the psyllid insect (Heteropsylla cubana) has limited expansion of current commercial cultivars into more humid areas (> 800 mm/yr) (Shelton and Dalzell 2007). Psyllids can also cause intermittent damage in lower rainfall regions during humid periods. The psyllid, which arrived in Australia in 1986, is a leaf-sucking insect specific to the Leucaena genus, feeding on the growing tips of susceptible cultivars (Bray 1994). Psyllid damage can reduce production by as much as 50-70% in humid regions and 20-50% in subhumid environments …

Growth Of Bali Bulls On Rations Containing Sesbania Grandiflora In Central Lombok, Indonesia, H. Dahlanuddin, Baiq Tutik Yuliana, Tanda Panjaitan, Michael J. Halliday, H. Max Shelton

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The demand for meat in Indonesia is currently growing by up to 8% per year, with beef cattle fattening identified as a major livestock industry (Purwantara et al. 2012). Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) account for almost 27% of total beef cattle in Indonesia; they are the predominant breed in the eastern islands and are highly favoured by smallholder farmers for their high fertility, low calf mortality and generally higher price at markets (Purwantara et al. 2012). Lombok in west Nusa Tenggara is one of the biggest suppliers of Bali cattle in Indonesia.

A major constraint to …

Animal Performance And Productivity Of A New Cultivar Of Brachiaria Brizantha, Valéria P. B. Euclides, Denise B. Montagner, Cacilda B. Valle, Nayana N. Nantes

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Brazil has the competitive advantage of a very dynamic and cost-effective animal production system on pastures over other countries. The pursuit of more productive forages that will result in higher quality beef at a lower cost is justified. As Brachiaria is the most important forage genus utilised in Brazil, an intense search for new cultivars amongst collected and introduced ecotypes from Africa is underway. Following agronomic evaluation of this material in plots, 8 Brachiaria ecotypes were pre-selected. As part of Embrapa`s process of cultivar development, B. brizantha cv. Xaraés, characterised by high productivity (liveweight gain/area), was released in 2003, followed …

Performance Of Young Nellore Bulls Grazing Marandu Grass Pasture At Different Heights, Ricardo A. Reis, Andre L. S. Valente, Sharadinny M. C. Dos Santos, Fernando H. M. De Souza, Telma T. Berchielli, Ana C. Ruggieri, Sabrina S. Santana, Juliana M. Serra

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Brazil is one of the largest beef cattle producers in the world with approximately 200 M head. The Industry relies predominantly on warm-season grass pastures, with approximately 90% of animals finished on pastures.

One of the main factors for the intensification of animal production systems based on pasture is appropriate management. Adjustment of stocking rate to maintain optimum forage allowance is essential. Studies on forage allowance have resulted in a better understanding of the response of forage crops and animals to changes in grazing intensity.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate management strategies for beef cattle systems grazed …

Seasonal Expression Of Apospory In Bahiagrass, Esteban F. Rios, Ann R. Blount, Kevin E. Kenworthy, Carlos A. Acuña, Kenneth H. Quesenberry

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Flowering plants can reproduce sexually (outcrossing and/or selfing) and/or asexually. Sexual reproduction implies the successful completion of meiosis and double fertilisation for the formation of both the embryo and the endosperm. In contrast, gametophytic apomixis is an asexual mode of reproduction through seeds that involves parthenogenetic embryo development from a cytologically unreduced egg cell (2n). Apospory is the process by which unreduced gametophytes are formed after a series of mitotic divisions of somatic cells (2n) in the ovary. This occurs independently from the sexual meiotic process; and therefore, both sexual and apomictic pathways may coexist simultaneously. Apospory is inherited in …

Morphogenic Responses Of Two Brachiaria Genotypes In Response To Clipping Frequency, Ana Flávia G. Faria, Carlos G. S. Pedreira, Diego N. L. Pequeno, Liliane S. Silva, Damião W. Nguluve, Aliedson S. Ferreira

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Tropical grasslands represent an important resource for the Brazilian cattle industry, which is heavily dependent on grazed pastures. Total pasture area in the country totals 196 M ha (23% of the country’s land area) (FAO 2013). The genus Brachiaria represents around 85% of cultivated pastures in Brazil (Moreira et al. 2009), 40% of which are established with B. brizantha cv. Marandu (Barbosa 2006). Mulato II is a new hybrid brachiaria grass cultivar which has been developed to improve agronomic characteristics, broaden the range of adaptation, and to ensure high forage production and nutritive value. It has also been viewed …

Sward Structural Characteristics Of Perennial Peanut Genotypes As Affected By Harvest Frequency, Aliedson S. Ferreira, Carlos G. S. Pedreira, Carla M. Marassatto

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Despite the high potential of tropical forage species, herbage production, nutritive value and animal productivity in Brazilian livestock production systems are lower than what can be obtained from both a biological and operational point of view (Pedreira and Mello 2000, Da Silva and Sbrissia 2000). Even with these limitations, the livestock industry is often able to sustain high productivity levels (animal product per hectare) by using good animal genetics and supplementation. Reducing production costs, however, will likely depend on the identification and incorporation of a high-quality forage resource, in terms of both improving diet quality of grazing animals and sustaining …

Morphophysiological Adaptations Of Brachiaria Humidicola Cultivars Under Grazing, Rodrigo A. Barbosa, Pedro N. C. Amaral, André F. Sbrissia, Thiago T. Camara

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Pastures of Brachiaria humidicola are broadly used in Brazil, especially in soils with low fertility and poor drain-age (Valle et al. 2010). Currently, 3 cultivars are commercially available: Tully, Llanero and BRS Tupi (available since 2012). Despite the extensive use of this species, research has focused primarily on aspects related to herbage and animal production, while only a few studies aimed at understanding morphological adaptations of the plants when subjected to grazing and contrasting environmental conditions.

Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate some morphological traits of 2 B. humidicola cultivars when continuously stocked during 2 seasons …

Generalized Matrix Decomposition Regression: Estimation And Inference For Two-Way Structured Data, Yue Wang, Ali Shojaie, Tim Randolph, Jing Ma

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Analysis of two-way structured data, i.e., data with structures among both variables and samples, is becoming increasingly common in ecology, biology and neuro-science. Classical dimension-reduction tools, such as the singular value decomposition (SVD), may perform poorly for two-way structured data. The generalized matrix decomposition (GMD, Allen et al., 2014) extends the SVD to two-way structured data and thus constructs singular vectors that account for both structures. While the GMD is a useful dimension-reduction tool for exploratory analysis of two-way structured data, it is unsupervised and cannot be used to assess the association between such data and an outcome of interest. …

Isolated Point Theorems For Uniform Algebras On Smooth Manifolds, Swarup Ghosh

Faculty Articles & Research

In 1957, Andrew Gleason conjectured that if A is a uniform algebra on its maximal ideal space X and every point of X is a one-point Gleason part for A, then A must contain all continuous functions on X. Gleason’s conjecture was disproved by Brian Cole in 1968. In this paper, we establish a strengthened form of Gleason’s conjecture for uniform algebras generated by real-analytic functions on compact subsets of real-analytic three-dimensional manifolds-with-boundary.

Blockchain Based Access Control For Enterprise Blockchain Applications, Lei Xu, Isaac Markus, Subhod I, Nikhil Nayab

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Access control is one of the fundamental security mechanisms of IT systems. Most existing access control schemes rely on a centralized party to manage and enforce access control policies. As blockchain technologies, especially permissioned networks, find more applicability beyond cryptocurrencies in enterprise solutions, it is expected that the security requirements will increase. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an access control system that works in a decentralized environment without compromising the unique features of a blockchain. A straightforward method to support access control is to deploy a firewall in front of the enterprise blockchain application. However, this approach does not …

Gaze Collaboration Patterns Of Successful And Unsuccessful Programming Pairs Using Cross-Recurrence Quantification Analysis, Maureen Villamor, Ma. Mercedes T. Rodrigo

Department of Information Systems & Computer Science Faculty Publications

A dual eye tracking experiment was performed on pairs of novice programmers as they traced and debugged fragments of code. These programming pairs were categorized into successful and unsuccessful pairs based on their debugging scores. Cross-recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA), an analysis using cross-recurrence plots (CRP), was used to determine whether there are significant differences in the gaze collaboration patterns between these pair categories. Results showed that successful and unsuccessful pairs can be characterized distinctively based on their CRPs and CRQA metrics. This study also attempted to interpret the CRQA metrics in relation to how the pairs collaborated in order to …

The Belle Ii Physics Book, E. Kou, P. Urquijo, W. Altmannshofer, F. Beajean, G. Bell, M. Beneke, I. I. Bigi, F. Bishara, M. Blanke, C. Bobeth, M. Bona, N. Brambilla, V. M. Braun, J. Brod, A. J. Buras, H. Y. Cheng, C. W. Chiang, M. Ciuchini, G. Colangelo, Milind Purohit, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Md And Tem Evaluation Of Swift Xe Ion Induced Latent Tracks In Si3n4, R. A. Rymzhanov, A. Zhalmagambetova, A. Ibrayeva, A. Janse Van Vuuren, J. H. O’Connell, V. A. Skuratov

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

As known silicon nitride ceramics is considered as a candidate material for inert matrix fuel hosts used for transmutation of minor actinides. Unfortunately, by now very limited data is devoted to investigate of its stability under high energy heavy ion irradiation simulating fission fragment impact. Aim of our present study is a comparative analysis of parameters of latent tracks induced with swift Xe ion irradiation in polycrystalline Si₃N₄ using molecular dynamic (MD) simulation and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Silicon nitride samples were irradiated with 220 MeV xenon ions at room temperature to fluence 5 × …

150 Years Since The Development Of The Periodic System Of Chemical Elements By D.I. Mendeleev, Yu. Ts. Oganesyan, Yu. E. Penionzhkevich

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

The year 2019 has been declared by UNESCO as the year of the Periodic Table of Elements. 150 years ago, an outstanding Russian scientist D.I. Mendeleev systematized the chemical elements known at that time by chemical properties and created a table of elements. Since then, almost 60 chemical elements have been added to those known 150 years ago. Now the table has 118 chemical elements, most of which were synthesized artificially, in particular, on charged particle accelerators. Especially vigorous growth in the synthesis and research of new heavy transfermium elements was observed during the last 20 years, when about 20 …

Detailed Study Of Rf And No Isotopes Radioactive Decay Properties, M. S. Tezekbayeva, A. V. Yeremin, O. N. Malyshev, M. L. Chelnokov, V. I. Chepigin, A. V. Isaev, A. V. Karpov, A. A. Kuznetsova, A. G. Popeko, Yu. A. Popov, A. I. Svirikhin, E. A. Sokol, A. Lopez-Martens, K. Hauschild, O. Dorvaux, B. Gall, P. Mosat, B. S. Sailaubekov

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

The experiments of detailed study of No and Rf isotopes radioactive decay properties in complete fusion reactions⁵⁰Ti+²⁰⁸Pb and⁴⁸Ca+^208,206,204Pb with subsequent neutron evaporation from the excited compound nucleus at the kinematic separator SHELS were performed in FLNR JINR. The data of the²⁵⁶Rf decay properties and preliminary data of²⁵⁰No decay properties are presented.

Shell Model Calculations For Deformed Li Isotopes, A. K. Azhibekov, V. V. Samarin, K. A. Kuterbekov, M. A. Naumenko

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

The nuclear shell model and its application to studying the structure of nuclei with deformed and spherical shapes are discussed. Calculations of level energies and wave functions in the shell model of deformed and spherical nuclei are performed for^7,8,11Li nuclei. A detailed calculation scheme for solving theradial Schrödinger equation is presented.

An Analysis Of Cross Sections Of 9be + 28si Interaction In The Framework Of The Double Folding Model, A. M. Kabyshev, K. A. Kuterbekov, A. K. Azhibekov, K. Zh. Bekmyrza, A. M. Mukhambetzhan, M. K. Kenzhebek, Ye. K. Sovetkhanov, Zh. A. Yeltay

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

In this paper the experimental data on the differential cross sections for elastic scattering of⁹Be ions on²⁸Si nucleus at the energies of the incident nucleus ranging from 12 to 201.6 MeV were analyzed in the framework of the double folding model using the Paris NN-potential CDM3Y. A good agreement with the experimental angular distributions of differential cross sections for elastic scattering was obtained and the values of the total reaction cross sections were calculated. When the double folding potential was used as real and imaginary parts, no manifestation of the threshold anomaly was detected. The reason …

Electron Hole Capture Centers In An Irradiated K2so4-Cu Crystal, T. N. Nurakhmetov, Zh. M. Salikhodzha, R. Z. Bakhtizin, A. M. Zhunusbekov, A. Zh. Kainarbay, D. H. Daurenbekov, B. M. Sadykova, K. B. Zhangylyssov, B. N. Yussupbekova

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

The methods of vacuum ultraviolet and thermal activation spectroscopy were used to measure the excitation spectra of impurity radiation in the fundamental absorption band of K₂SO₄-Cu crystals at 15 K and 300 K. An energy transfer was detected from the base to Cu⁺ impurities. The band gap of crystals K₂SO₄ was estimated. In K₂SO₄-Cu crystals, recombination radiation bands were detected at 2.95 ÷ 3.0 eV corresponding to electron hole capture centers.

The Effect Of Cupc Nanostructures On The Photo And Electrophysical Characteristics Of The Active Layer P3ht/Pcbm, A. K. Aimukhanov, B. R. Ilyassov, A. K. Zeinidenov, A. V. Zavgorodniy

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

The paper presents the results of a study of the influence of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) nanostructures on the generation and transfer of charge carriers in the photoactive P3HT/PCBM layer. It was shown that the observed broadening and the shift in the maxima of the absorption spectra of P3HT/PCBM upon the addition of nanostructures to the polymer are associated with an increase in the degree of crystallization of the film. Using the method of impedance spectroscopy, it was found that CuPc nanostructures enhance the rate of recombination of charge carriers, which is probably due to the formation of surface defects. These …

Methods Of Calculation Of Radiation Protection For Operational Safety Optimization At Working With Radionuclide Photon Radiation Sources, D. S. Kim

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

Operational dosimetry solves the problem of implementing the principle of optimizing radiation safety, which is closely related to regulation and justification and implies a realistic achievable reduction in the dose load on a person when using ionizing radiation sources by reducing operating time, increasing the distance to radioactive material and shielding for attenuation of ionization flux. The article describes two ways of determining the thickness of shielding under necessity of making operational decision to protect a person from radionuclide source of known activity or the dose rate created by it. Based on the required multiplicity of its attenuation, which allows …

Surface Modification Of Steel Mark 2 Electrolytic Plasma Exposure, Y. Y. Tabiyeva, B. K. Rakhadilov, G. K. Uazyrkhanova, L. G. Zhurerova, A. Maulit, D. Baizhan

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

This work is devoted to the research of the influence of the technological parameters of electrolytic plasma surface hardening on the structure and tribological properties of the surface of samples of the retaining steel mark 2. In the electrolytic plasma surface hardening was carried out in an electrolyte from an aqueous solution of 20% urea and 20% sodium carbonate. According to the result of metallographic and X-ray diffraction analysis, it was determined that the phase composition of steel mark 2 after processing varies, and fine martensite with a small amount of troostite and iron oxide is formed on the surface …

Vegetative Propagation Of Stylosanthes Scabra, Alexandre C. L. De Mello, Adeneide C. Galdino, José C. B. Dubeux Jr., Mércia V. F. Dos Santos, Mário De A. Lira Jr., Felipe M. Saraiva, Mário De A. Lira, Márcio V. Da Cunha

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

One way to multiply genetically desirable plants in a more uniform manner is to use vegetative propagation, such as using plant cuttings. This technique multiplies a single plant into several, in an easy low-cost system (Fachinello et al. 2005), so it is useful in plant breeding. This technique may be enhanced through the use of hormonal regulators, with indolebutyric acid (IBA) being most frequently used, because of its stability in hydroalcoholic solution, low sensitivity to biological degradation and good establishment of adventitious roots (Fachinello et al. 1995). In spite of its large-scale use for fruit production, the technique …