Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Trifolium Vesiculosum: Exploring Its Potential In The Uruguay Lowlands Rice Region, Walter Ayala, Ethel Barrios, Gerónimo Cardozo

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Trifolium vesiculosum, commonly known as arrowleaf clover, is a winter-growing annual legume native to Europe (Duke, 1981), with high persistence and low risk of bloat. Several reports show a wide annual production range between 1.9 and 9.8 t DM/ha/year (Gomes and Reis 1999; Evans and Mills 2008). It shows a high nutritional value (Tekeli et al. 2005) that declines with increasing maturity. Grazing management should consider the need for seed production to ensure natural re-seeding in subsequent years. Recently, INIA Uruguay released the T. vesiculosum cultivar Sagit (Glencoe EC1), characterized by intermediate growth habit and flowering period.

The …

Endophyte Status In Summer-Dormant Tall Fescue In The Southern Great Plains Of Usa, Carolyn A. Young, Dariusz P. Malinowski, Michael A. Trammell, Sindy M. Interrante, Twain J. Butler

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Non-toxic fungal endophytes provide persistence-related benefits to summer-active, continental-type tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), as well as reduced animal toxicosis compared to toxic endophytes. However, the benefits of fungal endophytes to summer-dormant, Mediterranean-type tall fescue persistence or production are unclear. Summer-dormant tall fescue has potential to replace traditional, annual small grain graze-out systems in the Southern Great Plains region of the USA. This region is characterized by severe water deficits accompanied by extreme heat in summer, and by relatively mild, rainy winters (Malinowski et al. 2009). Summer-active tall fescues are better suited to high rainfall areas (> 900 …

The Functionality Of Legume-Grass Swards In A Long-Term Pasture: Productivity And Stability, Žydrė Kadžiulienė, Lina Šarūnaitė, Leonas Kadžiulis

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Combinations of various plant species or functional groups can enhance sward structure, the function and stability of an ecosystem, supplement forage production and mitigate negative environmental impacts. Climatic variation, rising temperatures, changing precipitation and other extreme climatic events may lead to changes in plant diversity (Soussana and Lüscher 2007). At the same time it is very important to optimise functional diversity by combining species with different properties that are well adapted to the local environments (Huyghe et al. 2012). Successful selection and management of legumes influences the herbage production, nutritional quality and sustainability of grazing systems. Therefore, their role …

Mixed Species Seeding: A Means To Increase Production In Temperate Pastures, Michael P. Schellenberg, Bili Biligetu, Valentin Picasso

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Seeding mixed species for forage production has been suggested as a means of increasing productivity and stabilizing yields under a changing climate. Forages have traditionally been sown as monocultures or binary mixtures only, with the emphasis being on species and not necessarily their function or compatibility. While natural plant communities typically may be dominated by a single species, they are comprised of several species and function-al groups.

This paper provides the results of sowing multiple species at semiarid sites within the North American Great Plains and identifies a similar result from a more humid region reported within the literature.

Experimental Trials And Simulation Modelling Indicate That Summer-Growing Perennial Grasses Are A Potential New Feed Source In The Mallee Region Of Southern Australia, Katrien Descheemaeker, Rick Llewellyn, Andrew D. Moore, Anthony Whitbread

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In the Mallee region of southern Australia, the dry and variable climate results in frequent summer-autumn feed gaps, restricting the profitability of farms that combine livestock and crop enterprises. To assess the suitability of summer-growing perennial grasses to fill these feed gaps, 2 replicated field trials with different cultivars were conducted. The data also served to validate a C4 grass model, which was then used in a simulation experiment comparing 2 different soil types and 3 locations. Most grass cultivars established well except on sandy, non-wetting soils. Four out of 5 cultivars persisted over 6 years, producing 1000 – 9000 …

The Production Potential Of Kikuyu (Pennisetum Clandestinum) Over-Sown With Ryegrass (Lolium Spp.) In A No-Till System, Janke Van Der Colf, Philip R. Botha, Robin Meeske, Wayne F. Truter

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Pastures for milk production in the southern Cape of South Africa are based on no-till systems where kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) is over-sown with ryegrass during autumn to improve seasonal pasture production and forage quality. The aim of the study was to quantify the pasture and milk production potential of kikuyu over-sown with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum var. italicum), Westerwolds ryegrass (L. multiflorum var. westerwoldicum) or perennial ryegrass (L. perenne). The study was conducted for 2 years on existing kikuyu pastures grazed by Jersey cows. Growth rate, dry matter (DM) production, botanical composition, …

Designing High-Yielding, High-Diversity And Low-Input Temporary Grasslands, Karen Søegaard, Tine B. Mortensen, Jørgen Eriksen

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Species-rich swards have received increasing interest due to their focus on ecosystem services, animal welfare and product quality. However, in high-yielding swards the proportion of herbs is often limited and there is little knowledge of their management. Seed mixture composition, cutting frequency, fertilization and grazing/cutting strategies were examined over 4 years in 3 experiments to quantify their effects on herbage yield and botanical composition. Inclusion of herbs in the sward gave similar or higher annual yields but swards established with 100% herbs depended on the presence of a driver species. The effects of management differed between species. Herb content in …

Feeding Patterns And Milk Production Of Small-Scale Dairy Farmers Under Semi-Intensive And Extensive Cattle Management Systems In Sri Lanka, Sujatha Premaratne, Sharini Carol Somasiri, Chandrasiri Premalal, Vajira P. Jayawardene, A. R. S. Senavirathne

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The main objective of the present study was to determine the feeding pattern and milk production of small-scale dairy farmers under semi-intensive and extensive management systems in the intermediate zone of Sri Lanka. This region is sandwiched between the Wet and Dry Zones, receives a mean annual rainfall of 1750-2500 mm, and covers an area of about 1.2 million ha. A survey was conducted with 60 farmers and data on their herd size, herd composition and breeds, management system, breeding method, milk production, feeding costs and returns of raising animals were collected. The results indicated that the majority of farmers …

Management Options That Increase Herbage Production In Grassland-Based Livestock Production Systems, Masahiko Hirata, Manabu Tobisa, Sachiko Idota

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Herbage production is the most important measure of performance of grassland systems. Understanding how herbage production responds to various managements is crucial to the success of grassland systems, whether or not maximization of production is pursued. Most of the records of grassland production in the literature are taken as acceptable approximations of net herbage production. Analysis of these production records and accompanying quality data can generalize the response of grassland productivity and quality to individual managements, and can characterize the managements in terms of their efficiency and potential in increasing productivity and quality. Overall, maximum production response is ranked irrigation …

Evaluation Of A Drought Tolerance Native Grass: Cleistogenes Songorica For The Turf Use Purpose, Xinyong Li, Xue Wei, Yanrong Wang

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Water deficit is one of the most important factors to restrict growth of turf grass, especially in northwest China where water available for landscape irrigation is increasingly limited. Use of drought-tolerant turfgrass species or cultivars is one of the strategies used to reduce water utilization and irrigation requirement (Nielsen and Stewart 1990). Recent study showed that regionally adapted native grass species are worth investigating as suitable alternatives to the conventional turfgrasses in many applications (Mark et al. 2011), and several native grass species are suitable for low-maintenance turfgrass use has also been reported (Mintenko et al. 2002). Awnless …

Response Of Selected Cultivars Of Sheep Fescue To Management Strategy In Extensive Lawn Utilization, Barbara Golińska, Piotr Goliński

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Sheep fescue (Festuca ovina L. sensu lato) is distinguished for its ability to form sods on difficult sites (Dernoeden et al. 1994). This species is a persistent bunch grass that mixes well with wildflowers, without dominating them. For this reason sheep fescue can play an important role in the creation of landscape lawns. In the adaptation of this grass to extremely difficult sites, specific biological features of this grass are very important, especially water efficiency, drought tolerance, and low fertilizer requirements (Aronson et al. 1987; Brar and Palazzo, 1995).

The aim of this work was to …

Effects Of Three Media Cultures On Quantitative And Qualitative Characteristics In Two Turf Grass Genera For Sod Production, Abdolrahman Rahimian Booger, Hassan Salehi, Saeed Reza Gharechahi

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Agricultural environments can be described by several different variables that include soil chemical, physical, and biological data (Mele and Crowley, 2008). Soil structure provides the essential framework which maintains the basic production at farming systems (Smith and Powlson, 2003). Soil responses vary for a number of reasons, such as variability in initial ecosystem conditions, diversity in agricultural methods, variability in the mix of crops and cropping intensity, and environmental sensitivity to alteration (varying resistance and resilience) (Homburg and Sandor, 2011).

Application of compost in turf grass soils can affect dissolved organic C (DOC) levels which affects nutrient dynamics in soil …

AvanexTm Unique Endophyte Technology--Bird Deterrent Endophytic Grass For Amenity Turf And Airports, Christopher G. L. Pennell, M. Philip Rolston

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Bird strike is recognised throughout the civil and military aviation industries as a significant cost with more than $US 2 billion/year attributed to this problem globally. To manage this risk the aviation industries have in the past adopted many practices to frighten wildlife from airports rather than reducing the attractiveness of the area by grass habitat management. There has been little proven research on ground cover species evaluation using fungal endophyte to reduce wildlife. Our research has shown that the adoption of a specialist Neotyphodium fungal endophyte (strain AR601) placed in a turf type tall fescue cv. Jackal (Festuca …

Inputs For Turfgrass Managers And Sod Growers: Marketing Vs. Science-Based Information With Emphasis On Australian Experience, Donald S. Loch

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Industry structure and supporting resources are discussed in relation to information on plant nutritional and biostimulant products and concepts. Critical commentary is provided on examples of such products and services before considering ways in which decision-making by turf managers and sod growers can be improved in the future.

Farmer Based Seed Production Of Leucaena Leucocephala In Eastern Indonesia, Jacob Nulik, Debora Kana Hau, Resti G. Edison, Charles Pakaereng, Dessy Liubana, Putri Ara, H. Max Shelton

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba was first introduced to Indonesia in 2001 as an activity of ACIAR Project AS2/2000/157. It has now become the most popular variety used by agencies promoting the use of leucaena for ruminant feeding in Eastern Indonesia (Nulik et al. 2004). The greater adaptability and higher production of Tarramba, even in the dry season, its erect growth habit as well as its tolerance of the psyllid insect (Heteropsylla cubana) compared to the ubiquitous ‘common’ leucaena, has been frequently observed (Nulik et al. 2004).

The cultivar has attracted much interest from farmers and other …

Effects Of Fertilizer Applications On Seed Yield And Quality Of Elymus Sibiricus In A Rain-Fed Condition, Qingfeng Li, Xiao He, Guihua Shi

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Siberian wildrye grass (Elymus sibiricus L.) is widely used for reseeding as part of grassland improvement programs in Inner Mongolia. Shortage of seed supply has been a problem that limits wider use of E. sibiricus in Northern China steppes. In this research, we investigate the effects of fertilizer application on the seed yield and seed quality of E. sibiricus grown under rain-fed conditions in Inner Mongolia.

The Effect Of Sulfuric Acid Treatment On Hard Seeds Of Melilotoides Ruthenica, Zhaolan Wang, Jiancai Du, Lili Zhao, Qingfeng Li, Weibo Ren, Fengling Shi

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Melilotoides ruthenica is a perennial legume, and is characterized by cold resistence, drought resistence and high protein content (Luo 1993). It is used for hay and as a pasture plant, but because a high percentage of the seed are hard-seeded to allow reliable germination, seedling production is hindered (Du et al. 2007).

The objective of this research was to study the effect of sulfuric acid treatment on hard-seeds of M. ruthenica and determine the optimal treatment concentration and treatment time.

Combinational Dormancy Of Vicia Angustifolia Seed And Its Ecological Significance, Rui Zhang, Tingshan Li, Xiaowen Hu, Yanrong Wang

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Combinational dormancy is a common phenomenon in seed of temperate legume species, however, less is known about its ecological role in an alpine environment (Hu et al. 2013). Vicia angustifolia is an annual herbaceous legume, widely distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The purpose of this study is to explore the seed dormancy characteristics of V. angustifolia and its ecological significance.

Polyaniline Coated Hollow Sulfur Prepared Using Sublimate 2,4,6-Tri(Propan-2-Yl)-1,3,5-Trioxane As Template For Sulfur Electrode, Zhang-Feng Li, Xiao-Rui Wang, Wen-Sheng Tian, Jin-Ze Yang, Ping Zhang, Li-Ping Ma, Yang Chen, Xiao-Li Cui, Zhi-Yu Jiang

Journal of Electrochemistry

An advance method for preparing polyaniline-coated hollow sulfur material using sublimate material ADD(2,4,6-tri(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-trioxane) as a template was developed for lithium-sulfur battery. At first, the smashed ADD particles were coated by a sulfur layer through the reaction of Na₂S₂O₃ with diluted HCl. Then polyaniline layer was coated again on the surface of sulfur layer through the reaction of aniline with (NH₄)₂S₂O₈. After being dried at 60 ^oC for 12 h, the ADD in such a composite evaporated totally, and resulted in the formation of polyaniline-coated hollow sulfur …

Electrochemical Cycling Stability Of Polyaniline Films In Different Color Ranges, Kun Xu, Kai-Ling Zhou, Hao Wang, Jing-Bing Liu, Hui Yan

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochromic behaviors of polyaniline films were investigated by potential step and cyclic voltammetry coupled with UV viscosity photometer. The polyaniline films show colorful changes from pale yellow to green and then to blue. Electrochromic stability, electrochemical behavior, coloring performance, optical properties and surface formations of the produced films were studied in detail. The working electrode was the flexible PANI electrode, and the counter electrode and the reference electrode were a platinum sheet and Ag/AgCl, respectively. The in situ optical transmittance of the PANI film at 650 nm was measured using an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-3101PC) combining with a square …

Effects Of Al-Doping On Properties Of Ni-Rich Cathode Materials Employing Different Aluminum Sources, Dan-Feng Wang, Yi-Xiao Li, Wei-Li Wang, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

In order to investigate the effects of Al-doping on the structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of Ni-rich layered oxides, the NCA cathode materials with a nominal chemical formula of LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂ were prepared by two methods with different aluminum sources. One was the solid phase method: the precursor (Ni_0.84Co_0.16(OH)₂) prepared by co-precipitation was mixed with lithium and aluminum source (nano-Al₂O₃ or Al(NO₃)₃) thoroughly, and calcined at 780 ℃ for 15 h under an oxygen atmosphere. The other was the co-precipitation method: …

Study On Electro-Sorption Of Heavy Metals And Sulfamethoxazole On Activated Carbon Fibers, Wen-Jun Zhao, Bing-Xin Jia, Ya-Nan Zhang, Jiu-Nian Guan, Jiao Qu, Ying Lu

Journal of Electrochemistry

To study the optimal removal condition, adsorption mechanism and comparative analysis of the three typical cationic pollutants, i.e., Zn(II), anionic pollutant Cr(VI) and molecular pollutant sulfamethoxazole (SMX), using self-made upflowed electro-sorption device for adsorptions of above three pollutants by modified activated carbon fiber were researched. The activated carbon fiber (ACF) was modified by hydrochloric acid. The ACF morphology and structure before and after modification were characterized by SEM, BET and FTIR. The characterization results show that the modified ACF had fewer surface impurities than the modified surface and the gully is more obvious, the specific surface area was increased by …

Transient Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Study In Electrochemical Reduction Of P-Nitrothiophenol, Yun Ling, Jing Tang, Guo-Kun Liu, Cheng Zong

Journal of Electrochemistry

P-nitrothiophenol (PNTP) is one of the most common probe molecules studied by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The research in electrochemical reduction behavior of PNTP will help understanding the mechanism for the nitrobenzene reduction. In this paper, we used transient electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TEC-SERS) to study the SERS of PNTP with cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry on gold electrodes. The results show that the TEC-SERS provide a time resolution that equals the transient electrochemical methods, and we concluded that the reaction was so quick that we did not observe the spectral information of intermediate species described in the literatures with a …

Electrochemical Properties Of Sulfur In Different Carbon Support Materials, Bo Zhang, Jia Liu, Xiao-Chen Liu, De-Jun Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

In order to investigate the effect of carbon structure on electrochemical performance of sulfur/carbon composite in lithium-sulfur battery, in this paper, sublimation sulfur was incorporated into three types of carbon materials, namely, graphene, carbon black and porous carbon. The three sulfur/carbon composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, and their electrochemical performances were also studied. The results showed that the sulfur/porous carbon composite offered an initial discharge capacity of 1623.2 mA·h·g^-1 and remained 845 mA·h·g^-1 after 100 cycles. Compared with graphene and carbon black, the mesopores and micropores in porous …

Electrochemical Sensor Based On Magnetic Electrode Modified With Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles Immobilized Hemoglobin For Determination Of Hydrogen Peroxide, Yang Yuan, Jia-Xin Wang, Yu-Hua Cao

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this work, the surface-imprinted technique was used to prepare magnetic hemoglobin (Hb) imprinted nanoparticles, using Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs as the carrier, Hb as the template molecule, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the imprinted polymer monomer. The nanoparticles had a core-shell structure, with magnetic Fe₃O₄ NPs as the core and Hb imprinted polymers as the shell. Therefore, Hb could be concentrated and fixed on the surface of the magnetic imprinted nanoparticles (MMIPs NPs). Furthermore, MMIPs NPs were immobilized with chitosan (CS) on the surface of a magnetic electrode to constitute Hb enzyme-like biosensor …

Quantitative Detection Of Levofloxacin Hydrochloride By Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry With Electrodeposited Bismuth Film Electrodes, Zi-Ying Guo, Zuo-Peng Li, Jiang Li, Jian-Guo Zhao, Feng Feng

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this study, differential pulse stripping voltammetry was developed for the quantitative detection of levofloxacin hydrochloride indirectly. Levofloxacin hydrochloride contains organic amine, which can be precipitated upon interaction with Zn(SCN)₄^2-. By means of differential pulse stripping voltammetry, the concentration of Zn²⁺ can be determined using an in-situ formed bismuth film electrode, which allows determining indirectly the amount of levofloxacine hydrochloride. The linearity equation, I = 1.1401c - 0.5309 with the correlative coefficient R = 0.9979, was presented in the experiment. The results showed that this approach is very sensitive, having a limitation of detection of 3.18 …

Electrochemical Preparation And Photocatalytic Performance Of Lanio3/Tio2 Nanotube Arrays, Cheng Gong, Ze-Yang Zhang, Si-Wan Xiang, Lan Sun, Chen-Qing Ye, Chang-Jian Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

The LaNiO₃/TiO₂ nanotube arrays were prepared by pulse electrodeposition combined with high temperature annealing. The LaNiO₃ nanoparticles modified on the TiO₂ nanotube arrays had small particle size (< 10 nm), uniform distribution and controllable loading. Some LaNiO3 nanoparticles were deposited inside the TiO₂ nanotubes. The UV-visible absorption spectra displayed that the absorption band edge of LaNiO₃/TiO₂ nanotube arrays was obviously red-shifted as compared with that of TiO₂ nanotube arrays, and the visible light absorption was enhanced significantly. The photocatalytic degradation results of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light showed that the LaNiO₃/TiO₂ nanotube arrays prepared by pulse electrodeposition for 500 cycles had …

An Aptasensor Based On Aunps/Pani/Tnts Nanocomposite For Electrochemical Detection Of Tobramycin, Yong-Ling Nong, Ni-Na Qiao, Ying Liang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A novel well-constructed electrochemical aptamer-based sensor for the detection of tobramycin was presented, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) as a detection technique and methylene blue（MB） as an electrochemical indicator. A glassy carbon electrode modified with a nanocomposite of Au nanoparticles/polyaniline/titania nanotubes (AuNPs/PANI/TNTs) was constructed as the electrode scaffold. The nanocomposite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in detail. The results of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance measurements demonstrated that the AuNPs/PANI/TNTs nanocomposites can improve greatly the electron transfer on the interface. For the detection of tobramycin, the DPV results showed a linear relationship between the current …

Zif-67-Derived Ag/Co-Embedded N-Enriched Mesoporous Carbon For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Zheng-Ling Di, Jing Zhu, Lei Dai, Wei Meng, Yue-Hua Li, Zhang-Xing He, Ling Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials are considered as one of the most promising catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, in order to further improve the activity of the nitrogen-doped porous carbon, Ag/Co bimetal is embedded into nitrogendoped porous carbon to form Ag/Co-embedded nitrogen-doped porous carbon material (AgCo@NC). The AgCo@NC was derived by the wet impregnation of Ag+ into ZIF-67 precursor, followed by chemical reduction and a subsequent pyrolysis process under Ar atmosphere at different temperatures (500 ℃, 600 ℃, 700 ℃). The morphologic characterization shows that the Ag/Co nanoparticles were successfully embedded in the mesoporous carbon framework with abundant nitrogen …

Ionic Liquid Assisted Synthesis Of Porous Carbons From Rice Husk For Supercapacitors, Han-Fang Zhang, Feng Wei, Jian Sun, Meng-Ying Jing, Xiao-Jun He

Journal of Electrochemistry

It is still a challenge to prepare carbon materials with high specific surface area at low cost from renewable resources. Herein, the authors report an efficient approach to synthesize porous carbons (PCs) from rice husk with ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF₆)) as a template and an activation agent. The as-made PCs featured the high specific surface area up to 1438 m²·g^-1. As electrodes for supercapacitors, PCs showed a high specific capacitance of 256 F·g^-1 at 0.05 A·g^-1 in 6 mol·L^-1 KOH aqueous electrolyte and a good rate performance of 211 F·g …