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Articles 2161 - 2190 of 27884
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Engaged Research Can Advance Knowledge And Promote Positive Change Among The Rural Poor, D. L. Coppock
Engaged Research Can Advance Knowledge And Promote Positive Change Among The Rural Poor, D. L. Coppock
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
There is increasing interest in investigative processes known as “Engaged Research.” Such approaches include aspects of Farming Systems Research & Extension, Participatory Rural Appraisal, Participatory Action Research, and Innovation Systems. Engaged Research—a term recently popular in the USA—is founded on long-term relationships among stakeholders and emphasizes problem-solving based on co-production of knowledge. We are now at a time when science-based knowledge should be implemented to improve the lives of the rural poor under the triple threat of poverty, natural resource degradation, and climate change. Traditional ways of conducting applied, academic study can be reconfigured to this end, improving research effectiveness …
The Impacts Of The Eco-Environmental Policy On Grassland Degradation And Livestock Production: An Empirical Analysis Based On The Simultaneous Equation Model, M. Liu, J. J. Tang, S. Min, J. K. Huang
The Impacts Of The Eco-Environmental Policy On Grassland Degradation And Livestock Production: An Empirical Analysis Based On The Simultaneous Equation Model, M. Liu, J. J. Tang, S. Min, J. K. Huang
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Grassland degradation has been deteriorating while the demands for meat products have been surging in China over the past few decades, leading to multiple policy initiatives to balance the grassland ecosystem and livestock production of the pastoral areas. This paper investigates the impacts of a prevailing eco-environmental program, i.e. Subsidy and Incentive System for Grassland Conservation (SISGC), in the pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia, on grassland condition and livestock production. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), measured with remote sensing technology, is used to quantify grassland condition. Our empirical analysis was based on the data of 52 counties across a …
Feed Markets In The Late Dry Season Across Agro-Ecological Zones In Burkina Faso, A. Ayantunde, E. Doamba, M. Hebie, D. Sogoba, R. Same, M. Blummel
Feed Markets In The Late Dry Season Across Agro-Ecological Zones In Burkina Faso, A. Ayantunde, E. Doamba, M. Hebie, D. Sogoba, R. Same, M. Blummel
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Limited access to adequate quantities of high-quality feed is a major constraint to livestock productivity in smallholder systems in the West African Sahel. As a result of the increase in the livestock population and the associated growth in the demand for feeds, feed markets have sprung up in many cities and towns in the region. However, there is little available information on price variations for different feed types across agro-ecological zones in Burkina Faso. Information on feed price and quality is essential to developing strategies to match feed supply with demand. Surveys on the price and quality of feeds at …
Large Scale Land Investments And Food Security In Agro-Pastoral Areas Of Ethiopia, Adugna Eneyew Bekele, Liesbeth Dries, Wim Heijman, Dusan Drabik
Large Scale Land Investments And Food Security In Agro-Pastoral Areas Of Ethiopia, Adugna Eneyew Bekele, Liesbeth Dries, Wim Heijman, Dusan Drabik
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
There is an ongoing debate about the impact of large scale land investments on the livelihoods of rural households in developing countries. This study investigates the impact of large scale land investments on households' food security in Ethiopia. The findings show proximity to large scale land investments is associated with higher food intake with an average treatment effect of 744.71 kcal per day per adult. This is mainly because of the availability relatively good natural capitals near to large scale land investments. Large scale land investments should make sure that the local community has access to grazing to improve food …
Climate Change Policy Narratives And Pastoralist Predicaments In The Horn Of Africa: Insights From Ethiopia And Kenya, T. Campbell
Climate Change Policy Narratives And Pastoralist Predicaments In The Horn Of Africa: Insights From Ethiopia And Kenya, T. Campbell
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Drawing on the findings of a two-country case study, this paper examines the discourses and narratives found in contemporary climate change and national development policy in Ethiopia and Kenya, the actors shaping those policy narratives, and in turn, their consequences for pastoralism. The research reveals that while concerns around climate change and calls for strengthening resilience of dryland communities have given a new impetus to pastoral development, old arguments and assumptions that depict pastoral areas, and pastoralists, as unproductive and in need of modernisation remain deeply embedded in policy making. These open up spaces for the state, investors, and local …
Sustainable Management Of Grassland In A Changing Social-Ecological System: A Case Study In China, Ping Li, Rong Zhi
Sustainable Management Of Grassland In A Changing Social-Ecological System: A Case Study In China, Ping Li, Rong Zhi
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
No abstract provided.
The Role Of Women In Rural Livestock: Which Women? Which Livestock?, Gabriela Litre, Daniela Nogueira, Alessandra Matte, Virginia Courdin
The Role Of Women In Rural Livestock: Which Women? Which Livestock?, Gabriela Litre, Daniela Nogueira, Alessandra Matte, Virginia Courdin
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
We explore the conceptual and empirical limitations of the question about “the role of women in rural livestock production” as well as the widespread assumption that women in livestock are subsistence or smallholder farmers. While this is correct in many situations, “essentialist” development discourses often disregard new demographic trends and the heterogeneity of live-stock production systems. Our research, which focuses on the livelihoods of women involved with livestock production in the Pampas’ grasslands of Brazil, proposes: 1) to critically analyse some of the most widely spread assumptions about women involved in beef livestock production, including the belief that women are …
Shift In Management Strategy Of Yak Herding In The South Of Mustang District, Nepal, Himalaya, H. Anzai, M. K. Shah, Hajime Kumagai
Shift In Management Strategy Of Yak Herding In The South Of Mustang District, Nepal, Himalaya, H. Anzai, M. K. Shah, Hajime Kumagai
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In the Himalayan regions of Nepal, people herd yaks (Bos grunniens) under transhumant pastoralism, seasonal migrations of herds between summer highlands and winter lowlands. For several decades, the number of yaks has decreased, and the management strategy of yak herding has been altered due to the influence of substantial changes in both the social environment and their livelihoods. We conducted field surveys on yak herding in the south of Mustang District from 2012 to 2016 to examine the recent shift in management strategy and practice. The surveys were focused on fifteen yak owners and their herdsmen who lived …
Valuing The Expertise Of Mobile Herders In Arid South Africa--A Photographic Essay, C. F. Cupido, W. Ellis, M. I. Samuels
Valuing The Expertise Of Mobile Herders In Arid South Africa--A Photographic Essay, C. F. Cupido, W. Ellis, M. I. Samuels
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Pastoralism has been practiced for millennia in numerous ecosystems across the world. Throughout history, pastoral systems and in particular herding have been replaced by the commercialization of livestock production, which essentially made herders redundant in many sub-Sahara countries resulting in job losses. Herding is however still practiced in many countries, but the essential role of the herder is in many instances snubbed upon and disregarded as trivial work, hence their low social standing within the community. Literature however indicates that herding does offer many benefits over commercial paddock systems e.g. improving rural livelihoods, reviving customary practice, reducing stock theft, reducing …
Exploring Institutional Complementarity And Social Thresholds Of Mobility In Pastoral Social-Ecological Systems In Mongolia, Ulan Kasymov, Irene Ring
Exploring Institutional Complementarity And Social Thresholds Of Mobility In Pastoral Social-Ecological Systems In Mongolia, Ulan Kasymov, Irene Ring
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Biodiversity continues to decline worldwide, affecting dryland ecosystems that are of significant importance for global biodiversity conservation. Accelerated by climate change, undergoing transformations have been pushing the entire social-ecological system across ecological and social thresholds. Particularly, the decline of pastoral mobility in Mongolia is of great concern, as flexible responses to the dynamic environment are crucial for the sustainability of drylands’ ecosystems. Responding to this concern, Mongolian policymakers design new pasture use and conservation policies. However, the policies might be ineffective in preventing systems from crossing the thresholds, unless policy implementation succeeds in systematically shaping the perceptions of a critical …
Transdisciplinary Research In Practice: Lessons From Participatory, Folklore And Community-Supported Approaches In The Greater American West, H. Wilmer, L. Carr Childers, L. M. Porensky
Transdisciplinary Research In Practice: Lessons From Participatory, Folklore And Community-Supported Approaches In The Greater American West, H. Wilmer, L. Carr Childers, L. M. Porensky
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Rapid social and ecological changes on global rangelands amplify the challenges to achieving biodiversity conservation, rural economic viability and social well-being, and rangeland sustainability. These dynamics create a need for transdisciplinary science that is inclusive of ecological, sociological, and participatory approaches in order to rebuild meaningful working relationships between scientists, ranchers and managers, and other rangeland stakeholders. In real application, however, transdisciplinary science faces numerous social, ethical, and logistical challenges, including the question of how the work might benefit rangeland stakeholders. Our objective is to advance rangeland researchers’ toolbox for meaningful engaged research by describing three lessons from transdisciplinary projects …
Towards A Holistic Understanding Of Pastoralism, M. Cabeza, P. Manzano, D. Burgas, L. Cadahía, J. Eronen, Á. Fernández-Llamazares, S. Bencherif, Ø. Holand, M. Fortelius, O. Seitsonen, María E. Fernández-Giménez, K. A. Galvin, N. Chr. Stenseth
Towards A Holistic Understanding Of Pastoralism, M. Cabeza, P. Manzano, D. Burgas, L. Cadahía, J. Eronen, Á. Fernández-Llamazares, S. Bencherif, Ø. Holand, M. Fortelius, O. Seitsonen, María E. Fernández-Giménez, K. A. Galvin, N. Chr. Stenseth
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Pastoralism is a globally-important livelihood, with large social, environmental and economic importance across much of our planet. Yet, it is also a vulnerable practice with widespread crises, urgently calling for better systemic understanding. The current disciplinary compartmentalization of research not only hampers this but allows perpetuation of unfortunate misconceptions. Furthermore, a long-standing marginalization of the livelihood prevails, with pastoralism being largely overlooked in international environmental and economic forums or sustainability agendas.
Here we call for transformative approaches to pastoralism research that can advance an integrated understanding of these social-ecological systems through a comparative lens. We develop a framework that uses: …
Pastoral Traditional Ecological Knowledge Dynamicity: A Global Review, A. Sharifian Bahraman, Á. Fernández-Llamazares, H. Wario, Z. Molnár, M. Cabeza
Pastoral Traditional Ecological Knowledge Dynamicity: A Global Review, A. Sharifian Bahraman, Á. Fernández-Llamazares, H. Wario, Z. Molnár, M. Cabeza
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
There is a significant knowledge gap concerning the extent to which pastoral traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) has changed. We conducted a systematic review of 152 papers on pastoral TEK, focusing specifically on 63 papers that explicitly mentioned types of knowledge transitions (retention, erosion, adaptation or hybridization). Studies on pastoral TEK represent less than 3% of all the scholarly literature on TEK. Geographical distribution of the case studies was largely biased. Knowledge domains of pastoral TEK such as herd and livestock management, forage and medicinal plants, and landscape and wildlife were relatively equally covered, however, climate-related knowledge was less studied. Out …
Action Plan For The International Year Of Rangelands And Pastoralists (Iyrp): The Case For The United States, Canada, And Mexico, Barry Irving, Larry Howery, Jürgen Hoth, Jess Peterson
Action Plan For The International Year Of Rangelands And Pastoralists (Iyrp): The Case For The United States, Canada, And Mexico, Barry Irving, Larry Howery, Jürgen Hoth, Jess Peterson
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The GAP analysis (A Case of Benign Neglect: Knowledge gaps about sustainability in rangelands and pastoralism) points to several gaps that are relevant to the US, Canada and Mexico. North American rangelands span the ecological continuum of polar to hot deserts and arid to humid climates that exhibit highly variable ecological and forage production potential across time and space. Although there is a great deal of rangeland research, extension, and inventory capacity in all three countries, a weak link is the dissemination of information to North American pastoralists (conventionally referred to as ranchers or producers). Although the extension system in …
Rangelands And Pastoralism Of The Middle-East And North Africa, From Reality To Dream, N. Naghizadeh, Hossein Badripour, Mounir Louhaichi, M. Gamoun, Maryam Niamir-Fuller
Rangelands And Pastoralism Of The Middle-East And North Africa, From Reality To Dream, N. Naghizadeh, Hossein Badripour, Mounir Louhaichi, M. Gamoun, Maryam Niamir-Fuller
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is a vast area covering 20 countries from western Asia to North Africa, with nearly 9,000,000 Km2 and 303 million hectares of total rangelands. Rangelands play an essential role in supporting people's livelihoods and food security. Mobile pastoralism is the most viable and resilient form of production and land use in the fragile drylands of MENA. The region's governments have considered mobile pastoralism as backwards mainly because it was difficult to deliver mobile services to them. They designed various policies that were not in harmony with pastoralists' customary rules and norms and severely …
Challenges Of Pastoralism And Rangelands In Europe, P. Manzano
Challenges Of Pastoralism And Rangelands In Europe, P. Manzano
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
High Human Development achievements across Europe explain the situation of pastoralism in the region. While its economic importance has dwindled over the last century in terms of livelihood provision, pastoralism is nonetheless key for supporting rural population - especially in the areas of lower agricultural potential - and for delivering ecosystem services in vast areas. The mainstreaming of scientific research means that pastoralism is increasingly recognized as a sustainable livelihood by the European general public. In spite of this better press, the advanced average age of European pastoralists and the increased gender imbalances pose great sustainability risks in the short- …
Priority Themes And Issues For The International Year Of Rangelands And Pastoralists, Maryam Niamir-Fuller, James T. O’Rourke, Barbara Hutchinson
Priority Themes And Issues For The International Year Of Rangelands And Pastoralists, Maryam Niamir-Fuller, James T. O’Rourke, Barbara Hutchinson
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The objective of the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralism (IYRP) is to increase world-wide awareness and recognition of the value and contributions of rangelands and pastoralists. The aim is to influence country policies, legislation, and programs; and to encourage development, research, extension and educational initiatives that will lead to sustainability of rangelands and pastoral/livestock systems. Although each country should decide on how they would celebrate the IYRP, the adoption of a global framework of 12 monthly themes will help to a) provide suggestions and ideas, b) highlight urgent and topical issues, and c) show how pastoralism and rangelands across …
Priority Areas For Action And Research On Pastoralism And Rangelands In Eastern Africa, M. O. Odhiambo
Priority Areas For Action And Research On Pastoralism And Rangelands In Eastern Africa, M. O. Odhiambo
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
There is an element of irony around pastoralism and research in Eastern Africa. While it is one of the most researched production and livelihood systems, pastoralism is also the least understood by policymakers and development actors, with discussions about its importance characterized by significant gaps in knowledge. What is more, policy actors have difficulties accessing empirical data specific to pastoralism and rangelands in a form that allows well-founded decision-making on policy and action. Most available data tend to be out of date and not disaggregated with reference to pastoralism and rangelands. As a result, much of the discourse around pastoralism …
Rangelands And Pastoralism In Central Asia And Mongolia: Challenges And Perspectives, T. Ulambayar
Rangelands And Pastoralism In Central Asia And Mongolia: Challenges And Perspectives, T. Ulambayar
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Livestock herding contributes 10-45% of national GDPs across the Central Asia and Mongolia (CAM) region while supporting the livelihood of nearly one-third of the region’s population. Over 171 million herds graze the region's rangelands, occupying 65-73% of the territories in Central Asia (CA) and Mongolia. Traditional pastoralism has been affected dramatically by climate change. For the last decades, the annual mean air temperature has risen two to three times higher than the global average in CA and Mongolia respectively. Annual precipitation has a decreasing trend over the same period, causing increased aridity, a decline in lakes and rivers leading to …
Changing Perceptions Of Rangelands And Pastoralists Through Multistakeholder Action Before And During The Iyrp, A. Waters-Bayer
Changing Perceptions Of Rangelands And Pastoralists Through Multistakeholder Action Before And During The Iyrp, A. Waters-Bayer
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The International Year of Rangelands & Pastoralists (IYRP) should draw attention to rangelands and pastoralists and their economic, social, cultural and environmental contributions to global wellbeing. The “gap analysis” by UN Environment revealed much ignorance and misperceptions about rangelands and pastoralism among national governments, international institutions and the general public.
The IYRP campaign seeks to foster better understanding of how rangelands are used in an ecologically sound and resource-efficient way, e.g. through mobile pastoralism. It seeks to raise awareness of the importance of rangelands and pastoralists among policymakers. It seeks to encourage investment in the rangelands and related policy support, …
International Year Of Rangelands And Pastoralists (Iyrp) History, Process, Priority Themes And Way Forward, James T. O’Rourke, Maryam Niamir-Fuller, Barbara Hutchinson
International Year Of Rangelands And Pastoralists (Iyrp) History, Process, Priority Themes And Way Forward, James T. O’Rourke, Maryam Niamir-Fuller, Barbara Hutchinson
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The road towards the declaration of an IYRP by the United Nations has been long and rocky, perhaps mirroring the relative lack of understanding by some governments of the importance of rangelands and pastoralists for a sustainable world, compared to the focus on other sectors such as forest or cropland sustainability. The idea was first discussed at the International Rangeland (IRC) and Grassland (IGC) Congress held in Hohhot, China in 2008. The creation of an International Support Group (ISG) in 2015 helped to provide a stronger rational and the integration of social dimensions. This has led to a growing partnership …
Obstacles To The Revival Of Mobile Grazing Systems In Kazakhstan, S. Robinson, J. Bozayeva, N. Mukhamedova, N. Djanibekov, D. Oshakbayev, M. Petrick
Obstacles To The Revival Of Mobile Grazing Systems In Kazakhstan, S. Robinson, J. Bozayeva, N. Mukhamedova, N. Djanibekov, D. Oshakbayev, M. Petrick
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Livestock mobility was an essential characteristic of Kazakh livestock production systems, allowing animals to take advantage of spatial and temporal variability in climate and vegetation, optimising forage intake over the year. These systems broke down following the end of the Soviet Union. In this paper we examine the extent and determinants of the recovery of mobile livestock husbandry in south-eastern Kazakhstan, using surveys and semi-structured interviews with livestock farmers and rural households (holding livestock but not registered as farms). We find positive relationships between livestock holding size and probability of mobility. Winter pastures are particularly important for large farms, with …
User-Based Pasture Management In Kyrgyzstan: Achievements, Challenges, And Trends, Andrei Dörre, Ulan Kasymov
User-Based Pasture Management In Kyrgyzstan: Achievements, Challenges, And Trends, Andrei Dörre, Ulan Kasymov
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In Kyrgyzstan, a high mountain country in Central Asia, grasslands occupy almost half of the territory. These extensive resources represent the basis for seasonally mobile animal husbandry, which is relevant for both individual households and the national economy. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Kyrgyzstan’s transition into a market economy, these formerly state-owned grasslands were parceled out and privatized. Considerable socio-economic distortions and ecological problems occurred during this process. In order to meet such unintended effects, a legal framework for user-based pasture management was established in the course of an institutional learning process. This package of measures corresponded …
Mgrre_Pureoilscouttickets_Spitler_2_21127020990000, Mgrre
Mgrre_Pureoilscouttickets_Spitler_2_21127020990000, Mgrre
Legacy Scout Tickets from Pure Oil Company
No abstract provided.
Detection Of Dental Apical Lesions Using Cnns On Periapical Radiograph, Chun-Wei Li, Szu-Yin Lin, He-Sheng Chou, Tsung-Yi Chen, Yu-An Chen, Sheng-Yu Liu, Yu-Lin Liu, Chiung-An Chen, Yen-Cheng Huang, Shih-Lun Chen, Yi-Cheng Mao, Patricia Angela R. Abu, Wei-Yuan Chiang, Wen-Shen Lo
Detection Of Dental Apical Lesions Using Cnns On Periapical Radiograph, Chun-Wei Li, Szu-Yin Lin, He-Sheng Chou, Tsung-Yi Chen, Yu-An Chen, Sheng-Yu Liu, Yu-Lin Liu, Chiung-An Chen, Yen-Cheng Huang, Shih-Lun Chen, Yi-Cheng Mao, Patricia Angela R. Abu, Wei-Yuan Chiang, Wen-Shen Lo
Department of Information Systems & Computer Science Faculty Publications
Apical lesions, the general term for chronic infectious diseases, are very common dental diseases in modern life, and are caused by various factors. The current prevailing endodontic treatment makes use of X-ray photography taken from patients where the lesion area is marked manually, which is therefore time consuming. Additionally, for some images the significant details might not be recognizable due to the different shooting angles or doses. To make the diagnosis process shorter and efficient, repetitive tasks should be performed automatically to allow the dentists to focus more on the technical and medical diagnosis, such as treatment, tooth cleaning, or …
Interplays Between Policy And Practice On Rangelands In Kazakhstan Since The 1990s, C. Kerven
Interplays Between Policy And Practice On Rangelands In Kazakhstan Since The 1990s, C. Kerven
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Kazakhstan contains a large share of the world’s remaining “near-natural” temperate grassland, so how the Kazakh rangelands are managed has global implications for plant and animal biodiversity, carbon stocks, and at a national level for the wellbeing of Kazakhstan’s land, people and the economy.
The extensive livestock and rangeland management systems of Kazakhstan were transformed after the early 1990s. Privatisation had deep and very damaging structural impacts. There are now considerable inequities in the distribution of state support, landed resources and livestock, with the appearance of a minority of large-scale livestock owners. Government policies allowed these livestock owners to register …
Modelling The Long-Term Impact On Herder Incomes And Environmental Services In An Uncertain World, K. Behrendt, David R. Kemp, G. Udval, G. Jargalsaihan, Guodong Han, Zhiguo Li, P. Li, D. Lkhagvaa
Modelling The Long-Term Impact On Herder Incomes And Environmental Services In An Uncertain World, K. Behrendt, David R. Kemp, G. Udval, G. Jargalsaihan, Guodong Han, Zhiguo Li, P. Li, D. Lkhagvaa
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Environmental, market and political influences affect herders’ livelihoods with the expectation that they maintain biologically and economically resilient systems. To balance these external influences and the trade-offs within a grassland system it involves the consideration of interactions between grassland ecology, technology use, environmental externalities, utilisation by grazing animals for food and fibre production, and the long-term profitability of the farming system. Many of these variables are slow-moving and are trade-offs are most efficiently studied with models. The StageTHREE Sustainable Grasslands Model, which utilizes the core functions and dynamics of more mechanistic tools, has been designed to minimize the skill and …
Management Changes And Strategies To Improve The Environmental Services From Grasslands In Northern China And Mongolia, David R. Kemp, J. Addison, K. Behrendt, G. Udval, D. Lkhagvaa, Guodong Han, Zhiguo Li, P. Li
Management Changes And Strategies To Improve The Environmental Services From Grasslands In Northern China And Mongolia, David R. Kemp, J. Addison, K. Behrendt, G. Udval, D. Lkhagvaa, Guodong Han, Zhiguo Li, P. Li
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The grasslands of Mongolia and northern China are part of the vast Eurasian grasslands that extend from east Asia to eastern Europe, with many common problems. Grassland degradation and herder livelihoods in the steppe regions of China and Mongolia are widely acknowledged as major issues that need to be improved. The core problem is too many animals are now grazing grasslands, initially driven by significant policy changes, and decisions that assumed more animals would lift herder incomes. Problems are accentuated by poorly defined property rights over the land. The effectiveness of current Government Programs aimed at reducing grazing pressures has …
Implications Of Herder Attitudes For Stocking Rates In China And Mongolia, Yanting Yin, Ping Li, David R. Kemp
Implications Of Herder Attitudes For Stocking Rates In China And Mongolia, Yanting Yin, Ping Li, David R. Kemp
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Over-grazing of the grasslands in China and Mongolia is a common problem. Herders typically aim to increase their animal numbers to then hopefully, improve their status and incomes. Various studies have shown that stocking rates often need to be halved to restore grasslands to a sustainable state. Governments have been enacting policies to achieve a reduction in stocking rates, especially in China. However, in both countries, herders have freedom to set their own stocking rates. A survey was done of ~900 herders in Inner Mongolia, on the five main grassland types, to define their styles, attitudes and intentions for stocking …
Herders’ Attitude And Decision Making In Stocking Rates And Implication For Grassland Management In China, Ping Li, Rong Zhi, Jeff Bennett, Kejian Lin, Ke Jin
Herders’ Attitude And Decision Making In Stocking Rates And Implication For Grassland Management In China, Ping Li, Rong Zhi, Jeff Bennett, Kejian Lin, Ke Jin
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Overgrazing is widely acknowledged to be the main driver of grassland degradation. Governments seeking to address the grassland degradation problem have therefore focused on policies designed to reduce overgrazing. The Chinese government has implemented a series of policies with the aim of protecting the grasslands from more serious degradation. The efficacy of these policies has been questioned given that, since their introduction, stocking rates have remained high in many affected areas. It has been suggested that the government should enhance grassland monitoring and the punishment of overgrazing. Increasing penalties would reduce stocking rates, however that is likely to cause more …