Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Synthesis Of Molybdenum Containing Thin Films Using Organic Reducing Agents And Synthesis Of Magnesium Silyl Intermediate Complexes For Use In Atomic Layer Deposition, Michael David Overbeek

Wayne State University Dissertations

Thin films of a variety of materials have shown great potential in the fields of microelectronics, catalysis, and energy applications. Vapor deposition methods, including PVD and CVD, have been traditionally used as the primary method to deposit these thin films. However, these methods do not provide the necessary thickness uniformity and conformality needed for future uses of these thin films as they shrink to smaller dimensions. ALD provides a high degree of uniformity and conformality due to the intrinsic nature of the self-limited reaction mechanism of an ALD process.

The research herein focuses on two metals that have untapped potential …

The Development Of Fundamental Insights Into The Electronic Behaviors Of Next-Generation Materials, Sydney Lavan

Wayne State University Dissertations

We develop the fundamental mechanistic understanding of the microscopic behavior of three next generation materials: antiferroelectrics, hybrid perovskites and metal organic frameworks. These materials have the potential to be used in energy and light related applications which could provide a solution for the energy efficiency challenges we face in todays society. Ideally we need to begin to bridge the gap of developing candidate materials that possess high power density and high energy density. The first step in bridging this gap is understanding how the material influ- ences its structure and thus the properties and performance. We leverage vibrational spectroscopy and …

Lepton Flavor Violation And Effective Field Theories, Renae Conlin

Wayne State University Dissertations

The Standard Model is believed to be a low energy effective theory of some completetheory at higher energies. This is already evidenced in the observation of neutrino oscillations. Standard Model processes conserve the lepton flavor quantum numbers. Adding massive neutrinos to the Standard Model, the branching ratios of lepton flavor violating processes are found to be incredibly small. For example, a process μ → eγ has a branching ratio order ∼ 10^−54. These tiny branching ratios of lepton flavor violating processes indicate that they are especially clean areas to look for beyond the Standard Model physics. Any observed flavor violation …

Correlations And Dynamic Fluctuations In High Energy Collisions, Zoulfekar Mazloum

Wayne State University Dissertations

Is thermalization necessary for hydrodynamic flow in nuclear collisions? The discovery of flow-like azimuthal correlations in pA and high-multiplicity pp collisions raises profound questions about the onset of collective flow and its relation to hydrodynamics. We seek independent experimental information on the degree of thermalization in order to identify those hydrodynamic collision systems in which flow is sensitive to equilibrium QCD properties. We aim to develop a protocol for identifying the degree of thermalization using a combination of momentum and multiplicity correlation. To study the effect ofthermalization on these correlations, we use Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation with …

Kinase-Catalyzed Labeling To Identify Kinase-Substrate Pairs Using Γ-Phosphate Modified Atp Analogs, Rachel Beltman

Wayne State University Dissertations

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are responsible for a variety of cellular processes. One such PTM is protein phosphorylation, which is catalyzed by kinases. Kinase enzymes play important roles in cellular signaling pathways, but dysregulation of kinase-mediated events results in the formation of diseases, which make kinases favorable drug targets. To uncover the role kinases play in the development of diseases, kinase-mediated cellular events need to be better understood. The current gap in the field is the lack of tools available to identify the kinase that is responsible for specific phosphorylation events within the cell. To improve the gap in the field, …

Study Of Zyomogen Granule Movement Along Actin Filaments Using A Single Beam Optical Trap, Justin James Raupp

Wayne State University Dissertations

Zymogen granules are enzymatic vesicles in the pancreas. The surface of these zymogen granules (ZGs) has several different kinds of myosin molecules, such as myosin 1c, 6, 5c, and 7b. These molecular motors may contribute to ZG transportation in cells. To understand the molecular motors involved in the vesicle trafficking, we observed the in vitro motility of purified ZGs from rat pancreas and examined the stepping behavior and force that is generated using a single beam optical trap. To be involved in trafficking, molecular motors have certain characteristics, a high duty ratio and the ability to move continuously along actin …

A C0 Finite Element Method For The Biharmonic Problem In A Polygonal Domain, Charuka Dilhara Wickramasinghe

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation studies the biharmonic equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions in a polygonal domain. The biharmonic problem appears in various real-world applications, for example in plate problems, human face recognition, radar imaging, and hydrodynamics problems. There are three classical approaches to discretizing the biharmonic equation in the literature: conforming finite element methods, nonconforming finite element methods, and mixed finite element methods. We propose a mixed finite element method that effectively decouples the fourth-order problem into a system of one steady-state Stokes equation and one Poisson equation. As a generalization to the above-decoupled formulation, we propose another decoupled formulation using a …

Computational Single-Cell Analysis Of Confocal Fluorescence Images With Dapi-Generated Masks, Munirah Alduhailan

Wayne State University Theses

Lipolysis is a metabolic pathway in which free fatty acids are mobilized from stored triglycerides. The rate-limiting enzyme in this process is adipose triglyceride lipase, which is regulated by α/β-hydrolase domain-containing protein 5 (ABHD5) via both natural and synthetic pathways. With advanced artificial neural networks, image processing methods can extract quantitative results from fluorescence images. The segmentation of complex biological images, in which regions of the image are labeled as distinct masks, is the first step in image analysis. Ilastik, a machine-learning software, performs image segmentation with a user-trained neural network and custom key feature labels. The software’s results are …

Natural Resource Management Newsletter, January 2022, Department Of Natural Resource Management

NRM Newsletter

CAFES Awards: Teacher of the Year & Student Club Honorable Mention 2021
NRM Affiliate Professor Receives Fulbright to Norway
Service Awards
Elisha YT Summer Internship
Deva Raj Khanal 2021 ASPT Research Award
Gary Larson Memorial Burr Oak at Dakota Nature Park in Brookings
Oak Lake Field Station Jon Haertel Undergraduate Research Award
Undergraduate Research, Scholarship and Creative Activity Day (URSCAD)
Seven Wokini Challenge Grants Awarded for FY 2022 - Lan Xu
Fire School at Oak Lake Field Station
USDA project to produce wildflower seeds, improve soil health
Pollinators in an Agricultural Context
Welcome new faculty members: Alison, Chris, Amanda & …

Pronounced Increases In Nitrogen Emissions And Deposition Due To The Historic 2020 Wildfires In The Western U.S., Patrick C. Campbell, Daniel Tong, Rick Saylor, Yunyao Lii, Siqi Ma, Xiaoyang Zhang, Shoba Kondragunta, Fangjun Li

GSCE Faculty Publications

Wildfire outbreaks can lead to extreme biomass burning (BB) emissions of both oxidized (e.g., nitrogen oxides; NOx= NO+NO2) and reduced form(e.g., ammonia; NH3) nitrogen (N) compounds. High N emissions aremajor concerns for air quality, atmospheric deposition, and consequential human and ecosystemhealth impacts. In this study, we use both satellite-based observations and modeling results to quantify the contribution of BB to the total emissions, and approximate the impact on total N deposition in the western U.S. Our results show that during the 2020 wildfire season of August–October, BB contributes significantly to the total emissions, with a satellite-derived fraction of NH3 to …

Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Models For Hiv Viral Load Trajectories Before And After Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption, Incorporating Left Censoring, Sihaoyu Gao, Lang Wu, Tingting Yu, Roger Kouyos, Huldrych F. Gunthard, Rui Wang

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Characterizing features of the viral rebound trajectories and identifying host, virological, and immunological factors that are predictive of the viral rebound trajectories are central to HIV cure research. In this paper, we investigate if key features of HIV viral decay and CD4 trajectories during antiretroviral therapy (ART) are associated with characteristics of HIV viral rebound following ART interruption. Nonlinear mixed effect (NLME) models are used to model viral load trajectories before and following ART interruption, incorporating left censoring due to lower detection limits of viral load assays. A stochastic approximation EM (SAEM) algorithm is used for parameter estimation and inference. …

Normality Properties Of Composition Matricies, Hallie Kaiser, Katy O'Malley, Grace Weeks

Mathematics Student Projects

We explore two main concepts in relation to truncated composition matrices: the conditions required for the binormal and commutative properties. Both of these topics are important in linear algebra due to their connection with diagonalization. We begin with the normal solution before moving onto the more complex binormal solutions. Then we cover conditions for the composition matrix to commute with a general matrix. Finally, we end with ongoing questions for future work.

Envisage Planner Archive, Tim Swanson

Computer Science & Engineering Student Projects

Envisage Planner is a web application designed to help students with all areas of academic planning. The developer started working on it several years ago (2020), and for the CS Senior project, he and several other CS students developed an update to it.

New Worlds Vr, Mitchell Toth, Wilson Secaur

Computer Science & Engineering Student Projects

Over the month of January, 2022, the developers built a 3D Virtual Reality (VR) game as part of the "New Worlds" engineering class project. New Worlds is a single-axis treadmill system designed for integration with VR. The goal is to immerse the user in a virtual world while walking on a physical track. As the engineers worked hard on the treadmill, the developers' task was to create this immersive VR world from scratch. They learned the necessary tools, decided on a theme, and built a cave featuring intense lighting, tunnels and caverns, and interactive elements that encourage single-axis exploration. They …

Swosu Research And Scholarly Activity Fair 2022, Swosu Office Of Sponsored Programs

SWOSU Research and Scholarly Activity Fair Programs

On behalf of Southwestern Oklahoma State University, welcome to the Thirtieth Research and Scholarly Activity Fair! We are proud to host students and faculty from universities and community colleges from across the state at this meeting of scholars. Research and scholarly activity ranging from Business Administration, Education and Professional Studies, Fine Arts and Design, Liberal Arts, and Mathematics and Science.
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Sincerely, SWOSU Office of Sponsored Programs and URSAC

Why People Tend To Overestimate Joint Probabilities, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

It is known that, in general, people overestimate the probabilities of joint events. In this paper, we provide an explanation for this phenomenon -- as explanation based on Laplace Indeterminacy Principle and Maximum Entropy approach.

What Is A Natural Probability Distribution On The Class Of All Continuous Functions: Maximum Entropy Approach Leads To Wiener Measure, Vladik Kreinovich, Saeid Tizpaz-Niari

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

While many data processing techniques assume that we know the probability distributions, in practice, we often only have a partial information about these probabilities -- so that several different distributions are consistent with our knowledge. Thus, to apply these data processing techniques, we need to select one of the possible probability distributions. There is a reasonable approach for such selection -- the Maximum Entropy approach. This approach selects a uniform distribution if all we know is that the random variable if located in an interval; it selects a normal distribution if all we know is the mean and the variance. …

Why Physical Power Laws Usually Have Rational Exponents, Edgar Daniel Rodriguez Velasquez, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Many physical dependencies are described by power laws y=A*xa, for some exponent a. This makes perfect sense: in many cases, there are no preferred measuring units for the corresponding quantities, so the form of the dependence should not change if we simply replace the original unit with a different one. It is known that such invariance implies a power law. Interestingly, not all exponents are possible in physical dependencies: in most cases, we have power laws with rational exponents. In this paper, we explain the ubiquity of rational exponents by taking into account that in many case, there is also …

Can Physics Attain Its Goals: Extending D'Agostino's Analysis To 21st Century And Beyond, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In his 2000 seminal book, Silvo D'Agostino provided the detailed overview of the history of ideas underlying 19th and 20th century physics. Now that we are two decades into the 21st century, a natural question is: how can we extend his analysis to the 21st century physics -- and, if possible, beyond, to try to predict how physics will change? To perform this analysis, we go beyond an analysis of what happened and focus more on why para-digm changes happened in the history of physics. To better understand these paradigm changes, we analyze now only what were the main ideas …

Why Sine Membership Functions, Sofia Holguin, Javier Viaña, Kelly Cohen, Anca Ralescu, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In applications of fuzzy techniques to several practical problems -- in particular, to the problem of predicting passenger flows in the airports -- the most efficient membership function is a sine function; to be precise, a portion of a sine function between the two zeros. In this paper, we provide a theoretical explanation for this empirical success.

Need To Combine Interval And Probabilistic Uncertainty: What Needs To Be Computed, What Can Be Computed, What Can Be Feasibly Computed, And How Physics Can Help, Julio Urenda, Vladik Kreinovich, Olga Kosheleva

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In many practical situations, the quantity of interest is difficult to measure directly. In such situations, to estimate this quantity, we measure easier-to-measure quantities which are related to the desired one by a known relation, and we use the results of these measurement to estimate the desired quantity. How accurate is this estimate?

Traditional engineering approach assumes that we know the probability distributions of measurement errors; however, in practice, we often only have partial information about these distributions. In some cases, we only know the upper bounds on the measurement errors; in such cases, the only thing we know about …

Macrocausality Implies Lorenz Group: A Physics-Related Comment On Guts's Results, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

It is known that, in the space-time of Special Relativity, causality implies Lorenz group, i.e., if we know which events can causally influence each other, then, based on this information, we can uniquely reconstruct the affine structure of space-time. When the two events are very close, quantum effects, with their probabilistic nature, make it difficult to detect causality. So, the following question naturally arises: can we uniquely reconstruct the affine structure if we only know causality for events which are sufficiently far away from each other? Several positive answers to this question were provided in a recent paper by Alexander …

Towards Optimal Techniques Intermediate Between Interval And Affine, Affine And Taylor, Martine Ceberio, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In data processing, it is important to gauge how input uncertainty affects the results of data processing. Several techniques have been proposed for this gauging, from interval to affine to Taylor techniques. Some of these techniques result in more accurate estimates but require longer computation time, others' results are less accurate but can be obtained faster. Sometimes, we do not have enough time to use more accurate (but more time-consuming) techniques, but we have more time than needed for less accurate ones. In such cases, it is desirable to come up with intermediate techniques that would utilize the available additional …

Discrete Causality Implies Lorenz Group: Case Of 2-D Space-Times, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

It is known that for Minkowski space-times of dimension larger than 2, any causality-preserving transformation is linear. It is also known that in a 2-D space-time, there are many nonlinear causality-preserving transformations. In this paper, we show that for 2-D space-times, if we restrict ourselves to discrete space-times, then linearity is retained: only linear transformation preserve causality.

Environmentalism In J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord Of The Rings, Sophie Butler

4610 English: Individual Authors: J.R.R. Tolkien

The theme of environmentalism within Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings trilogy, while sometimes underlying, is an ever-present background to the characters and actions of Middle-Earth.The hero’s movements through nature contrasted with the criminal destruction of nature by the villains presents two clear perspectives about the treatment of nature, but Tolkien also inserts his perspective through the inclusion of Tree characters, like Ents. Trees and tree characters are an essential part of Tolkien's legendarium that help to illuminate the author's claims about environmentalism and the impacts of progress on the world. How characters interact with nature inform their ethics and point …

Finding Combinations Of Objects Within Categories Using Edges Software, Erin M. Thorpe, Ehab Rizek, Yan Xu

Chemistry Software

Edges Software can be used to find the combinations of any objects within different categories. A combination is an arrangement of objects where order does not matter. The original intent of this software was to provide the combinations of proteins within different pathways to aid in building a protein-(target)-protein network where protein nodes are connected to each other through their common pathway edges. This software can analyze tens of thousands of rows of excel data in just a few minutes and provide an excel output that contains all the combinations of objects within the different categories. This output can then …

Monitoring And Modelling The Dynamics Of The Cellular Glycolysis Pathway: A Review And Future Perspectives, Nitin Patil, Hugh Byrne, Orla L. Howe, Paul A. Cahill

Articles

Background

The dynamics of the cellular glycolysis pathway underpin cellular function and dysfunction, and therefore ultimately health, disease, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Evolving our understanding of this fundamental process and its dynamics remains critical.

Scope of review

This paper reviews the medical relevance of glycolytic pathway in depth and explores the current state of the art for monitoring and modelling the dynamics of the process. The future perspectives of label free, vibrational microspectroscopic techniques to overcome the limitations of the current approaches are considered.

Major conclusions

Vibrational microspectroscopic techniques can potentially operate in the niche area of limitations of other …

Comparison Of Environmental Dna And Underwater Visual Count Surveys For Detecting Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) In Rivers, Jason T. Shaffer

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Environmental DNA (eDNA) has developed into a useful tool for determining the distribution of rare aquatic species, but relatively few studies have directly compared the detection probabilities of this method with other conventional survey techniques. These comparisons can inform which method may be better suited to address study objectives. In this study, the overall goal was to compare the ability of eDNA and underwater visual count (UVC) surveys to detect juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), a species of conservation concern at the southern extent of its geographic range. Specifically, I address two objectives: (1) compare the ability of …

New Bounds On The Real Polynomial Roots, Emil Prodanov

Conference papers

The presented analysis determines several new bounds on the real roots of the equation anxn+an−1xn−1+⋯+a0=0 (with an>0). All proposed new bounds are lower than the Cauchy bound max{1,∑j=0n−1|aj/an|}. Firstly, the Cauchy bound formula is derived by presenting it in a new light – through a recursion. It is shown that this recursion could be exited at earlier stages and, the earlier the recursion is terminated, the lower the resulting root bound will be. Following a separate analysis, it is further demonstrated that a significantly lower root bound can be found if the summation in the Cauchy bound formula is …

On The Coriolis Effect For Internal Ocean Waves, Rossen Ivanov

Conference papers

A derivation of the Ostrovsky equation for internal waves with methods of the Hamiltonian water wave dynamics is presented. The internal wave formed at a pycnocline or thermocline in the ocean is influenced by the Coriolis force of the Earth's rotation. The Ostrovsky equation arises in the long waves and small amplitude approximation and for certain geophysical scales of the physical variables.