Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Use Of Calculus To Determine Efficient Fertilizer Levels For Crop Production, Cole Loadholtz

Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two

For this project, I wanted to incorporate calculus into agriculture and environmental science methods. More in detail, the problem used asked for the maximum levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) that would be best for a current crop yield. This allowed incorporating partial derivatives, and critical points to find the maximum values for the equation. The results show that in order to demonstrate maximum crop yield production, the levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were to be both at 2, with the correct corresponding units. The drawback from this problem is that although the problem showed effective nitrogen …

Converting Velocity Pressure Into Cubic Feet Per Minute (Cfm), Darrian Robinette

Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two

Almost every building in the United States has a HVAC (Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system that relies on balancing Velocity Pressure and calculated CFM to properly control the atmosphere in a building. This is ensured and tested by Field Engineers whose job it is to maintain the efficiency and proper output of these HVAC systems. These systems are used to improve indoor air quality, control moisture and condensation, and contaminants while satisfying comfort needs of occupants. Just with any mechanical system, HVAC systems function efficiently with multiple formulas derived from calculus and physics. Every building is equipped with a …

Volume And Cost Of Longboard Using Aircrete, Mira Stimac

Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two

This project utilizes integral calculus to find the volume of a longboard-style surfboard. The cost for using AirCrete as the material for the longboard will then be calculated. Due to the longboard's shape, the longboard is divided into four sections, and the volume of each is found. The final volume for the longboard with the measurements provided is approximately 3821 cubic inches. The cost of making the longboard out of AirCrete was then calculated by using ratios. The final cost for the longboard is $4.70.

Monitoring Drug Concentration In Emergency Medicine, Andrew Woods

Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two

The careful monitoring of a drug’s concentration in the body of a patient is of the utmost importance in modern medicine. Many of the lifesaving medications that are administered in an emergency medicine environment have a narrow window of efficacy. This effective concentration is in an ever-changing state, as the body processes and eliminates exogenous compounds that are introduced to maintain homeostasis. To ensure the proper treatment and/or management of ailments, special attention must be given to the concentration of a given drug in the body as time progresses. These changing concentrations can be evaluated and tracked using the mathematical …

Nonhematopoietic Erythropoietin: A Study Of Signaling, Structure, And Behavior, Nicholas John Pekas

Dissertations and Theses

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine hormone known for initiating red blood cell proliferation by binding to its homodimer receptor (EPOR)2 in the bone marrow. Recent progress in neurobiology has shown that EPO also exerts robust neurotrophic and neuroprotective activity in the CNS. It is widely thought that EPO’s neurotrophic activity is centrally involved in its antidepressant and cognitive enhancing effects. However, EPO’s potent erythropoietic effects prevent it from being used in the clinic to treat psychiatric disorders. A chemically engineered non-erythropoietic derivative of EPO, carbamoylated EPO (CEPO), produces psychoactive effects without activating hematopoiesis. However, CEPO is expensive to produce and …

Deep Features To Analyze Pulmonary Abnormalities In Chest X-Rays Due To Covid-19, Supriti Ghosh

Dissertations and Theses

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has contributed a lot since the beginning. Healthcare is no exception. Detecting anomaly/abnormality in (bio)medical image is crucial. In this thesis, we aim at detecting/screening pulmonary abnormalities due to Covid-19 in chest X-rays using deep features. We study CheXNet, DenseNet169, ResNet50 and VggNet16 to analyze CXRs to detect the evidence of Covid-19 in this research. CheXNet was primarily designed for radiologist-level pneumonia detection in Chest X-rays (CXRs). We created a benchmark dataset size of 4,716 CXRs (2,358 Covid-19 positive cases and 2,358 non-Covid cases (Healthy and Pneumonia cases)) and with k(=5) fold cross-validation technique, using the DenseNet, …

The Design And Testing Of Fluorescence-Based Sensors For Phosphate And Phosphonate, Sara Hassanzadehroknabadi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential compound for all living things, as it serves as a component of nucleic acids and ATP, which are required for plant growth and proliferation. However, when excess Pi enters the aquatic environment, it has severe detrimental effects through the induction of harmful algal blooms (HAB), which negatively impact aquatic life, the quality of drinking water as well as recreational activities. It is therefore critical to have fast, sensitive, and inexpensive sensors for Pi that quickly and quantitively measure its concentration in a field setting.

Phosphonates or organophosphorus compounds are phosphoric acids possessing alkyl or …

Influence Of Ceramide On Lipid Domain Stability Studied With Small-Angle Neutron Scattering: The Role Of Acyl Chain Length And Unsaturation, Mitchell Dipasquale, Tye G. Deering, Dhimant Desai, Arun K. Sharma, Shantu Amin, Todd E. Fox, Mark Kester, John Katsaras, Drew Marquardt, Frederick A. Heberle

Chemistry and Biochemistry Publications

Ceramides and diacylglycerols are groups of lipids capable of nucleating and stabilizing ordered lipid domains, structures that have been implicated in a range of biological processes. Previous studies have used fluorescence reporter molecules to explore the influence of ceramide acyl chain structure on sphingolipid-rich ordered phases. Here, we use small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to examine the ability of ceramides and diacylglycerols to promote lipid domain formation in the well-characterized domain- forming mixture DPPC/DOPC/cholesterol. SANS is a powerful, probe-free technique for interrogating membrane heterogeneity, as it is differentially sensitive to hydrogen's stable isotopes protium and deuterium. Specifcally, neutron contrast is generated …

Smart Home Forensics: Identifying Ddos Attack Patterns On Iot Devices, Samuel Ho, Hope Greeson, Umit Karabiyik

Annual ADFSL Conference on Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Smart homes are becoming more common as more people integrate IoT devices into their home environment. As such, these devices have access to personal data on their homeowners’ networks. One of the advantages of IoT devices is that they are compact. However, this limits the incorporation of security measures in their hardware. Misconfigured IoT devices are commonly the target of malicious attacks. Additionally, distributed denial-of-service attacks are becoming more common due to applications and software that provides users with easy-to-use user interfaces. Since one vulnerable device is all an attacker needs to launch an attack on a network, in regards …

Detection Of Overlapping Passive Manipulation Techniques In Image Forensics, Gianna S. Lint, Umit Karabiyik

Annual ADFSL Conference on Digital Forensics, Security and Law

With a growing number of images uploaded daily to social media sites, it is essential to understand if an image can be used to trace its origin. Forensic investigations are focusing on analyzing images that are uploaded to social media sites resulting in an emphasis on building and validating tools. There has been a strong focus on understanding active manipulation or tampering techniques and building tools for analysis. However, research on manipulation is often studied in a vacuum, involving only one technique at a time. Additionally, less focus has been placed on passive manipulation, which can occur by simply uploading …

A Low-Cost Machine Learning Based Network Intrusion Detection System With Data Privacy Preservation, Jyoti Fakirah, Lauhim Mahfuz Zishan, Roshni Mooruth, Michael L. Johnstone, Wencheng Yang

Annual ADFSL Conference on Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Network intrusion is a well-studied area of cyber security. Current machine learning-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) monitor network data and the patterns within those data but at the cost of presenting significant issues in terms of privacy violations which may threaten end-user privacy. Therefore, to mitigate risk and preserve a balance between security and privacy, it is imperative to protect user privacy with respect to intrusion data. Moreover, cost is a driver of a machine learning-based NIDS because such systems are increasingly being deployed on resource-limited edge devices. To solve these issues, in this paper we propose a NIDS …

Effect Of Connection State & Transport/Application Protocol On The Machine Learning Outlier Detection Of Network Intrusions, George Yuchi [*], Torrey J. Wagner, Paul Auclair, Brent T. Langhals

Faculty Publications

The majority of cyber infiltration & exfiltration intrusions leave a network footprint, and due to the multi-faceted nature of detecting network intrusions, it is often difficult to detect. In this work a Zeek-processed PCAP dataset containing the metadata of 36,667 network packets was modeled with several machine learning algorithms to classify normal vs. anomalous network activity. Principal component analysis with a 10% contamination factor was used to identify anomalous behavior. Models were created using recursive feature elimination on logistic regression and XGBClassifier algorithms, and also using Bayesian and bandit optimization of neural network hyperparameters. These models were trained on a …

Machine Learning Land Cover And Land Use Classification Of 4-Band Satellite Imagery, Lorelei Turner [*], Torrey J. Wagner, Paul Auclair, Brent T. Langhals

Faculty Publications

Land-cover and land-use classification generates categories of terrestrial features, such as water or trees, which can be used to track how land is used. This work applies classical, ensemble and neural network machine learning algorithms to a multispectral remote sensing dataset containing 405,000 28x28 pixel image patches in 4 electromagnetic frequency bands. For each algorithm, model metrics and prediction execution time were evaluated, resulting in two families of models; fast and precise. The prediction time for an 81,000-patch group of predictions wasmodels, and >5s for the precise models, and there was not a significant change in prediction time when a …

Classification Of Electropherograms Using Machine Learning For Parkinson’S Disease, Soroush Dehghan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that progresses gradually over time. The onset of symptoms in people who are suffering from PD can vary from case to case, and it depends on the progression of the disease in each patient. The PD symptoms gradually develop and exacerbate the patient’s movements throughout time. An early diagnosis of PD could improve the outcomes of treatments and could potentially delay the progression of this disorder and that makes discovering a new diagnostic method valuable. In this study, I investigate the feasibility of using a machine learning (ML) approach to classify PD …

Multi-Agent Pathfinding In Mixed Discrete-Continuous Time And Space, Thayne T. Walker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) problem, agents must move from their current locations to their individual destinations while avoiding collisions. Ideally, agents move to their destinations as quickly and efficiently as possible. MAPF has many real-world applications such as navigation, warehouse automation, package delivery and games. Coordination of agents is necessary in order to avoid conflicts, however, it can be very computationally expensive to find mutually conflict-free paths for multiple agents – especially as the number of agents is increased. Existing state-ofthe- art algorithms have been focused on simplified problems on grids where agents have no shape or volume, and …

Digital Searching: A Grounded Theory Study On The Modern Search Experience, Nicolas Armando Parés

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This Grounded theory study explores US adults' modern information search process as they pursue information through digital search user interfaces and tools. To study the current search process, a systematic grounded theory methodology and two data collection methods, a think-aloud protocol and semi-structured interviews, are used to develop the theory. The emerging theory addressed two tightly connected research questions that asked, “What is the process by which humans search and discover information?” and “What is the process by which search and discovery interfaces and tools support the modern search process?”

The study collects participant data from US adults who have …

S-Type Stars: Lao Line List For The B²Σ⁺-X²Σ⁺ Band System, P. F. Bernath, Randika Dodangodage, J. Liévin

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

LaO bands are a characteristic feature in the spectrum of cool S-type stars. La is made primarily by the s-process during the asymptotic giant branch phase of stellar evolution. The B²Σ⁺–X²Σ⁺ and A²Π–X²Σ⁺ band systems can be used to determine the La abundances in cool S stars. The bands of the B²Σ+–X²Σ⁺ with v' and v" ⩽ 5 have been rotationally analyzed from an emission spectrum from a carbon furnace. Line strengths are calculated using an ab initio transition dipole …

Work-In-Progress: Rapid Development Of Advanced Virtual Labs For In-Person And Online Education, Yiyang Li, Yuzhong Shen, Charles Sukenik, Brian Sanders, Pauline Delacruz, Justin Mason

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

During the closure of K-12 schools and universities thanks to the COVID-19 pandemic, many educators turned to web conferencing tools such as Zoom and WebEx to deliver online lectures. For courses with labs, some teachers provide recorded videos of real labs. Watching recorded lab videos is a passive experience, as the procedures and point of view are fixed, and students do not have any control of the lab and thus miss the opportunity to explore different options, including making mistakes that is important part of the learning process. One approach that holds great potential to enhance laboratory experience for online …

Beamline For E-Beam Processing At Uitf, G. Ciovati, C. Bott, S. Gregory, F. Hannon, Xi Li, M. Mccaughan, R. Pearce, M. Poelker, H. Vennekate

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Solutions For Fermi Questions, January 2022: Question 1: Snow Volume; Question 2: Longbow Arrow Velocity, Larry Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Search For Photoproduction Of Axionlike Particles At Gluex, Shankar Adhikari, C.S. Akondi, M. Albrecht, Moskov Amaryan, Tyler P. Viducic, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhao, J. Zhou, The Gluex Collaboration, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

We present a search for axionlike particles, a, produced in photon-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of approximately 4 GeV, focusing on the scenario where the a-gluon coupling is dominant. The search uses a → γγ and a → π⁺π⁻π⁰ decays, and a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 168  pb⁻¹ collected with the GlueX detector. The search for a → γγ decays is performed in the mass range of 180 < m_a <480  MeV, while the search for a → π⁺π⁻π⁰ decays explores the 600 < m_{a …}

Trends In Biomedical Analysis Of Red Blood Cells – Raman Spectroscopy Against Other Spectroscopic, Microscopic And Classical Techniques, Jakub Dybas, Fatih Celal Alcicek, Aleksandra Wajda, Magdalena Kaczmarska, Anna Zimna, Katarzyna Bulat, Aneta Blat, Tetiana Stepanenko, Tasnim Mohaissen, Ewa Szczesny-Malysiak, David Perez-Guaita, Bayden R. Wood, Katarzyna Maria Marzec

Articles

Application of modern and innovative spectroscopic and microscopic approaches to biomedical analysis opens new horizons and sheds new light on many unexplored scientific territories. In this review, we critically summarize up-to-date Raman-based methodologies for red blood cells (RBCs) analysis used in biology and medicine, and compare them with both classical, as well as other spectroscopic and microscopic approaches. The main emphasis is placed on the advantages, disadvantages and capabilities of each technique for detection of RBC deteriorations and RBC-related diseases. Although currently used classical techniques of medical analysts serve as a gold standard for clinicians in diagnosis of erythropathies, they …

Patient Generated Health Data And Electronic Health Record Integration, Governance And Socio-Technical Issues: A Narrative Review, Abdullahi Abubakar Kawu, Lucy Hederman, Julie Doyle, Dympna O'Sullivan

Articles

Patients’ health records have the potential to include patient generated health data (PGHD), which can aid in the provision of personalized care. Access to these data can allow healthcare professionals to receive additional information that will assist in decision-making and the provision of additional support. Given the diverse sources of PGHD, this review aims to provide evidence on PGHD integration with electronic health records (EHR), models and standards for PGHD exchange with EHR, and PGHD-EHR policy design and development. The review also addresses governance and socio-technical considerations in PGHD management. Databases used for the review include PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, IEEE …

Building Tools For Improved Modulation Of The Human Gabaa Receptor, A Central Nervous System Target For The Treatment Of Anxiety, Garrett Edward Zinck

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

In the U.S., anxiety is recognized as an increasing range of mentally and physically debilitating psychiatric health disorders with significant economic repercussions. Over the last 20 years, several novel anti-anxiety therapies have entered the drug development pipeline, but none have made it to market.

The work in this dissertation focused on structurally modifying valerenic acid (VA), a structurally unique carboxylated sesquiterpene acid found in Valeriana officinalis. VA is putatively reported to have allosteric modulatory activity of the human GABA_A receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel responsible for attenuating neurotransmissions. Structural modeling of VA’s GABA_A receptor interaction suggests that …

Investigating The Physical Stability Of Amorphous Pharmaceutical Formulations, Travis W. Jarrells

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Amorphous formulations, including amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), consisting of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) intimately mixed in a polymeric matrix, are an attractive formulation approach to improve drug delivery, dissolution, and solubility. However, an amorphous API in an ASD is in a higher energy state compared to the crystalline drug and results in most ASDs being inherently unstable. The polymer helps to stabilize the amorphous drug against crystallization such that the resulting homogenous mixture maintains its solubility advantage relative to the crystalline form. One challenge of ASDs is that the presence of impurities including crystals or residual solvent, variations in …

Development Of Accurate And Efficient Computational Methodologies For Predicting Protein-Ligand And Protein-Protein Binding Free Energies, Alexander Hamilton Williams

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Computational modeling is an invaluable tool in the drug discovery process either for small ligand or protein therapeutics. The widespread availability of protein X-Ray Crystal and Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM) structures has allowed for more accurate molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that are not reliant on methods such as homology modeling, which may produce structures that require significant computational time to demonstrate their stability. In this thesis we describe several novel methodologies for the computationally efficient modeling of protein/ligand and protein/protein complexes that may be employed within both large-scale virtual screenings and lead compound optimization. These methodologies may also be utilized in …

Left On Red: The Chemistry Of Color, Rebecca Fenselau, Kayla Bertholf

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.

Untitled (Illustration), Shruti Narayan

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.

It’S Time To Rethink That Beach Trip: The Environmental Disaster Of The Beach Industry, Sydney Rosencraft

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.

The Organism That Cheats Death: As Humans Seek Answers To An Immortal Life, One Organism Has Already Found The Key., My Trihn

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.