Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Finding An Effective Shape Parameter Strategy To Obtain The Optimal Shape Parameter Of The Oscillatory Radial Basis Function Collocation In 3d, Quinnlan Aiken, Annika Murray, Ar Lamichhane

Undergraduate Mathematics Day: Past Content

Recent research into using the Method of Approximate Particular Solutions to numerically solve partial differential equations, has shown promising results. High levels of accuracy can be obtained when implementing this method, however the success of this collocation method is dependent on a shape parameter that is found in nearly all radial basis functions. If the shape parameter is not appropriately chosen, then it can provide an unacceptable result. Two shape parameter strategies are considered, a random variable shape parameter strategy and a leave-one-out cross validation strategy. The main objective of this work is to assess the viability of using these …

Evolution Of Drought And Low Temperature Responses In Temperate Pooideae Grasses: Timings, Determinants, And Intersections, Aayudh Das

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Anthropogenically-mediated rises in atmospheric CO2 and global average temperatures is leading to increasingly severe drought and extreme weather events, the latter including unseasonal bouts of low and high temperatures. In order for plant breeders and conservation biologists to predict future responses to global warming, they must understand the ecological and evolutionary processes that shaped plant tolerance to stressful environments in the past. This is particularly true for grasses (Poaceae) that dominate approximately one-third of the Earth's vegetative cover, live in some of the world's harshest terrestrial environments, and are tremendously important, both ecologically and economically. One of the largest subfamily …

Resonant Trojan Emris With Lisa, Vanessa Myhaver

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Extreme--mass--ratio inspirals (EMRI) are prospective sources for the detection of observational signals with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission, built to accurately detect and measure gravitational waves -- ripples in the curvature, and fabric of space--time. EMRIs are typically comprised of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) one million times more massive than our Sun, and a stellar--origin black hole several orders of magnitude smaller. As the smaller black hole spirals into the supermassive black hole, thousands of cycles of the gravitational waveform serve as a precision probe for the extreme space-time curvature of the system. The goal of this …

Gauge Against The Machine: Improving Representations Within Sociotechnical Instruments To Enrich Context And Identify Biases, Joshua Minot

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

The proliferation of digital data across all areas of society has transformed our ability to hypothesize, study, and understand social systems.From this richness of data we have seen the development of innovative instruments to study---and make decisions with---the digital artifacts of the modern day. These developments build on advancements in computation, connectivity, analytical methodologies, and sociological theories. The sociotechnical instruments we have developed have been revolutionary to how we understand society and how we conduct business, but with these broad leaps comes ample room (and need) for more nuanced advancements. As with the development of any field, as the digital …

The Impact Of Prior Exposure To Physics On Students' Transition To Flipped Classrooms With Active Learning, Johnny Gonzalez

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

The pedagogical approach of the flipped classroom with an active learning model shows great benefit for all students in many disciplines. This study explored the possibility that certain subsets of students may have varying benefits from this model. In this study, we used survey questions to categorize students and analysis of the Forced Concept Inventory (FCI) scores, including normalized gain (NG), to measure learning improvement. In particular, we used a questionnaire with two questions that were used to partition each sub-group. The first group consisted of students that have varying levels of physics knowledge and the second group consisted of …

On The Use Of Allen’S Interval Algebra In The Coordination Of Resource Consumption By Transactional Business Processes, Zakaria Maamar, Fadwa Yahya, Lassaad Ben Ammar

All Works

This paper presents an approach to coordinate the consumption of resources by transactional business processes. Resources are associated with consumption properties known as unlimited, limited, limited-but-extensible, shareable, and non-shareable restricting their availabilities at consumption-time. And, processes are associated with transactional properties known as pivot, retriable, and compensatable restricting their execution outcomes in term of either success or failure. To consider the intrinsic characteristics of both consumption properties and transactional properties when coordinating resource consumption by processes, the approach adopts Allen’s interval algebra through different time-interval relations like before, overlaps, and during to set up the coordination, which should lead to …

Using Circle Packings To Approximate Harmonic Measure Distribution Functions, Ella Wilson

Undergraduate Mathematics Day: Past Content

Harmonic measure distribution functions, h-functions, encode information about the geometry of domains in the plane. Specifically, given a domain and a basepoint in the domain, for a fixed radius, r, the value h(r) is the probability that a Brownian particle first exits the domain within distance r of the basepoint. There are many domains for which we can compute h-functions, such as the disk and the inside and outside of a wedge. However, exact computation is often difficult or impossible for more complicated domains, so we need methods to approximate these h-functions. In this paper, we develop two methods for …

Efficient Conformal Binary Classification Under Nearest Neighbor, Maxwell Lovig

Undergraduate Mathematics Day: Past Content

There are many types of statistical inferences that can be used today: Frequentist, Bayesian, Fiducial, and others. However, Vovk introduced a new version of statistical inference known as Conformal Predictions. Conformal Predictions were designed to reduce the assumptions of standard prediction methods. Instead of assuming all observations are drawn independently and identically distributed, we instead assume exchangeability. Meaning, all N! possible orderings of our N observations are equally likely. This is more applicable to fields such as machine learning where assumptions may not be easily satisfied. In the case of binary classification, Vovk provided the nearest neighbors (NN) measure which …

Soil Resilience And Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: How Fungi Can Inform Climate Change Mitigation And Adaptation In Maya Milpa Management, Courtney Mathers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In Mexico’s state of Yucatán, climate change impacts like prolonged and less predictable dry season length are manifesting as threats to agricultural production and food security. Nearly two thirds of Yucatán’s population is indigenous, many of whom live in rural communities that rely on rainfed subsistence agriculture (INEGI 2015). Ensuring sufficient food production in the face of climate change relies on the quality of agricultural soils. With both mismanagement of agricultural soils and climate change posing as threats to food production in Mexico, soil management practices that increase a soil quality should be identified and promoted. The primary objective of …

Electron Spin Relaxation Of Nitroxide Spin Labels And Relaxation Processes, Thacien Ngendahimana

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

MTSL is the nitroxide spin label that is most commonly used in site-directed spin labeling. However, due to rotation of its gem-dimethyl groups that average anisotropic interactions, T_m becomes short above about 70 K and this makes DEER experiments difficult at these temperatures. Strategies for decreasing spin echo dephasing and electron spin lattice relaxation rates are important for design of nitroxide spin labels and molecular qubits.

In searching for labels with longer T_m, new nitroxide spin labels devoid of gemdimethyl groups or with more rigid structures were synthesized at the University of Nebraska and pulsed EPR measurements …

Local-Global Results On Discrete Structures, Alexander Lewis Stevens

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Local-global arguments, or those which glean global insights from local information, are central ideas in many areas of mathematics and computer science. For instance, in computer science a greedy algorithm makes locally optimal choices that are guaranteed to be consistent with a globally optimal solution. On the mathematical end, global information on Riemannian manifolds is often implied by (local) curvature lower bounds. Discrete notions of graph curvature have recently emerged, allowing ideas pioneered in Riemannian geometry to be extended to the discrete setting. Bakry- Émery curvature has been one such successful notion of curvature. In this thesis we use combinatorial …

Could Alexa Increase Your Social Worth?, Peter Tripp

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

People have historically used personal introductions to build social capital, which is the foundation of career networking and is perhaps the most effective way to advance a career (Lin, 2001). With societal changes, such as the pandemic (Venkatesh & Edirappuli, 2020), and the increasing capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI), new approaches may emerge that impact societal relationships. Social capital theory highlights the need for reciprocal agreements to establish the trust between parties (Gouldner, 1960). My theoretical prediction and focus of this research include two principles: The impact of reciprocity in evaluating trust of the source of the introduction and the …

Mis-Specification Of Functional Forms In Growth Mixture Modeling: A Monte Carlo Simulation, Richa Ghevarghese

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Growth mixture modeling (GMM) is a methodological tool used to represent heterogeneity in longitudinal datasets through the identification of unobserved subgroups following qualitatively and quantitatively distinct trajectories in a population. These growth trajectories or functional forms are informed by the underlying developmental theory, are distinct to each subgroup, and form the core assumptions of the model. Therefore, the accuracy of the assumed functional forms of growth strongly influences substantive research and theories of growth. While there is evidence of mis-specified functional forms of growth in GMM literature, the weight of this violation has been largely overlooked. Current solutions to circumvent …

Using The Fraction Of Missing Information (Fmi) In Selecting Auxiliary Variables To Impute Missingness In Confirmatory Factor Analysis (Cfa), Dareen Taha Alzahrani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using the fraction of missing information (FMI) to select auxiliary variables in imputing missing data in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). This was done by conducting two studies (a simulation study and an empirical study). A Monte Carlo simulation technique was used to compare the performance and the effect of the restrictive strategy based on FMI and the inclusive strategy on parameter estimate bias and parameter estimate efficiency. The missing data mechanisms, missing data proportion, correlation strength between the analysis variables and auxiliary variables, and the inclusive and restrictive strategies were assessed in …

Bicycles And Transit: Weather Or Not: A Study On The Effect Of Weather And Air Quality On Bicycle-Transit, Bicycle, Rail Transit Counts In Denver, Christiana M. Fairfield

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The movement of people and goods within metropolitan areas is critically important to the operational efficiency and functionality of cities. This study explores the influence of local weather conditions and the air quality index on bicycle-transit user in Denver, Colorado. Based on bicycle-transit having two key components, bicycle and transit, the effect of local weather conditions and the air quality index is also explored with bicycle use and rail-transit usage. Key findings include: (1) the most significant variable across all three modes is temperature, (2) for bicycle-transit and bicycle use, there is a steady increase in ridership as temperatures increase …

On Loop Commutators, Quaternionic Automorphic Loops, And Related Topics, Mariah Kathleen Barnes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation deals with three topics inside loop and quasigroup theory. First, as a continuation of the project started by David Stanovský and Petr Vojtĕchovský, we study the commutator of congruences defined by Freese and McKenzie in order to create a more pleasing, equivalent definition of the commutator inside of loops. Moreover, we show that the commutator can be characterized by the generators of the inner mapping group of the loop. We then translate these results to characterize the commutator of two normal subloops of any loop.

Second, we study automorphic loops with the desire to find more examples of …

Frequency Analysis Of Trabecular Bone Structure, Daniel Parada San Martin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Medical data is hard to obtain due to privacy laws making research difficult. Many databases of medical data have been compiled over the years and are available to the scientific community. These databases are not comprehensive and lack many clinical conditions. Certain type of medical conditions are rare, making them harder to obtain, or are not present at all in the aforementioned databases. Due to the sparsity or complete lack of data regarding certain conditions, research has stifled. Recent developments in machine learning and generative neural networks have made it possible to generate realistic data that can overcome the lack …

Esipt-Enabled Alkyne Migration Provides Rapid Access To Benzoxazinones, Andrés G. Muñoz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Benozoxazinones have long been of interest to agrochemical scientists and medicinal chemists because of their widespread biological activity. These scaffolds are also of interest to synthetic chemists, who recognize the utility of benzoxazinones for accessing functionalized heterocycles. The use of efavirenz, a benzoxazinone-based reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV-1, has brought increased attention to this privileged pharmacophore. While there exist numerous strategies for synthesizing benzoxazinones, methods that do not require the use of acutely toxic and environmentally hazardous reagents are lacking. Consequently, there is a need to develop new methods for constructing this valuable scaffold. Herein, we …

A Lightweight Reliably Quantified Deepfake Detection Approach, Tianyi Wang, Kam Pui Chow

Annual ADFSL Conference on Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Deepfake has brought huge threats to society such that everyone can become a potential victim. Current Deepfake detection approaches have unsatisfactory performance in either accuracy or efficiency. Meanwhile, most models are only evaluated on different benchmark test datasets with different accuracies, which could not imitate the real-life Deepfake unknown population. As Deepfake cases have already been raised and brought challenges at the court, it is disappointed that no existing work has studied the model reliability and attempted to make the detection model act as the evidence at the court. We propose a lightweight Deepfake detection deep learning approach using the …

Ring Bose–Einstein Condensate Atomtronic Rotation Sensor, Oluwatobi I. Adeniji

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

We propose a design for an atomtronic rotation sensor consisting of an array of Bose– Einstein condensates (BECs) confined in a double–target–array potential. The purpose of the sensor is to measure the rotation speed, Ω_R, of the sensor’s rest frame with respect to the “fixed stars.” The atomtronic system consists of an ultracold gas of sodium atoms compressed, using laser light, into a thin horizontal sheet and subjected to a double–target– array potential within the horizontal plane. A “target” BEC consists of a disk–shaped condensate surrounded by a concentric ring–shaped condensate. A “double–target” BEC is two adjacent target …

Synthesis Of Functionalized Aromatic Heterocyclic Compounds And Its Applications In Organized Self-Assemblies, Emmanuel T. Fasusi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

1,2,3-triazoles due to their structure, possess good optical properties and are capable of molecular recognition by their supramolecular capabilities of utilizing weak forces of interaction (such as hydrogen bonding, dipole interaction) in establishing a close association with targets. They are easy to synthesize, which opened the opportunity for a wide pharmaceutical application, mostly as pharmacological scaffolds. However, challenges such as poor water solubility, inefficient drug delivery and increased toxicities due to frequent dosing of drugs are commonly faced which reduces the efficacy of the drugs. It is therefore important to have “delivery vehicles” which could help transport the drugs to …

Evaluation Of Tidal Fresh Forest Distributions And Tropical Storm Impacts Using Sentinel-2 Msi Imagery, Galen Costomiris

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Situated in the transitional zone between non-tidal forests upstream and tidal fresh marshes downstream, tidal fresh forests occupy a unique and increasingly precarious habitat. The threat of intensifying anthropogenic climate change, compounded by the effects of historical logging and drainage alterations, could reduce the extent of this valuable ecosystem. The overall goals of this project were to identify forest communities present in the Altamaha tidal fresh forest; develop satellite imagery-based classifications of tidal fresh forest and tidal marsh vegetation along the Altamaha River, Georgia; and to quantify changes in vegetation distribution in the aftermath of hurricanes Matthew and Irma. Based …

2022 Oakland Ca Data Summary, Gary Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

Simple data summary for 2022 on-road vehicle emission measurements from Oakland CA.

2021 West Los Angeles Data Summary, Gary Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

Simple data summary for 2021 West Los Angeles on-road emission measurements.

Understanding And Harnessing The Structural Features That Govern Hmg-Coa Reductase Activity, Edwin Ragwan

Bryn Mawr College Dissertations and Theses

The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase (HMGR), which catalyzes the reduction of HMG-CoA to mevalonate using two equivalents of the cofactor NAD(P)H, is part of the mevalonate pathway, found in all kingdoms of life. This pathway is at the heart of natural product biosynthesis constituting one of the obligate routes to producing the building blocks for isoprenoids, which represent the largest and most diverse class of natural products. Natural products and its derivatives continue to provide important compounds in the fields of drug development, biomedical engineering, and commercially-driven products. Therefore, HMGR, which performs the rate-limiting step of the mevalonate pathway garners …

Applying Intensity-Based Methods To Disentangle Microwave Spectra Of Complex Mixtures: Analysis Of Weakly Bound Clusters Of 1,1-Difluoroethylene/Co2, Hannah Fino

Masters Theses

Microwave spectroscopy is used to study the solvent-solute interactions between molecules of CO₂ and fluoroethylenes by analyzing the formation of weakly-bound clusters in a gaseous mixture. One of the challenges to analyzing microwave spectra obtained for these weakly-bound species is that spectra for individual clusters are mixed together in an original complex spectrum. This prompts development of automated techniques that could separate complex data into subsets of related data to be more easily analyzed.

The techniques developed in this work are founded on intensity-based analyses, following the work of Dr. Robert Field on Extended Cross Correlation (XCC). The XCC …

Understanding The Perceptions Of Producers Regarding The Ogallala Aquifer Use: A Survey Report (2022), Jonathan Aguilar, Amariah Fischer, Matthew R. Sanderson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This survey asked producers in the Ogallala aquifer how they view their role in groundwater use, what they see as the consequences of groundwater depletion, and why they believe groundwater should be conserved. Producers were also asked about their worldviews and values. Together, these questions help provide an understanding of the cultural state of the Ogallala aquifer, especially as it pertains to groundwater use.

U-Pb Apatite Chronometry Of Intrusions In An Accretionary Metamorphic Belt In Western Idaho, Usa, Colleen Grace Rankin

MSU Graduate Theses

The Salmon River suture zone in west-central Idaho, USA records the tectonic processes where island arcs, similar to modern-day Japan, were accreted to the North American continent in the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods (160-90 million years ago). This suture zone contains metamorphic rocks that were buried deep within the crust at depths of 20 kilometers or more and have subsequently been brought to the surface. The exhuming processes responsible for the metamorphic rocks in the Salmon River suture zone remains unclear. Two competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain the transport of the rocks from the Salmon River suture zone …

Khovanov Homology & Uniqueness Of Surfaces In The 4-Ball, Isaac Sundberg

Bryn Mawr College Dissertations and Theses

We use the functoriality of Khovanov homology to examine the smooth, boundary-preserving isotopy of surfaces embedded in the 4-ball. We exemplify an infinite family of prime knots that bound an arbitrarily-large number of smoothly-distinct slice disks by distinguishing the maps they induce on Khovanov homology. Similar techniques produce an infinite family of knots that each bound a pair of exotic surfaces of arbitrary genus.

Distribution Of Holonomy About Closed Geodesics On Compact Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds, Lindsay Dever

Bryn Mawr College Dissertations and Theses

An important feature of compact hyperbolic 3-manifolds is their closed geodesics, which have both geometric and dynamical implications. These geodesics are parametrized by their length and holonomy, which describes the angle of rotation by parallel transport about the geodesic. First, we prove ambient prime geodesic theorems, which provide an asymptotic count of closed geodesics by their length and holonomy and imply e ective equidistribution of holonomy in shrinking intervals. These theorems result from a non-spherical Selberg's trace formula which relates spectral information to lengths and holonomies of closed geodesics. Then, we show that although holonomy is equidistributed, there is typically …