Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Synthesis And Characterization Of New Hexahydroquinoline Derivatives, Evaluation Of Their Cytotoxicity, Intracellular Ros Production And Inhibitory Effects On Inflammatory Mediators, Ezgi̇ Pehli̇vanlar, Deni̇z Arca Çakir, Sonia Sanajou, Hülya Tezel Yalçin, Terken Baydar, Pinar Erkekoğlu, Hani̇fe Avci, Rahi̇me Şi̇mşek

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Inflammation is a response to injury and infection in the organism. It can be categorized as acute and chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation is the underlying cause of many diseases such as Alzheimer's, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have proven the anti-inflammatory properties of 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) and its derivatives, which have many biological properties including calcium channel blockers. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HRMS methods. The cytotoxic properties of the compounds were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method in 3T3 cell line. Among the 15 compounds, the three compounds …

Identification Of Blood At Simulated Crime Scenes Using Silver Nanoparticles With Sers, Uğur Köroğlu, Necdet Sağlam, Uğur Tamer, Ramazan Akcan, İsmai̇l Hakki Boyaci, Eylül Evran

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Analysis of substances and samples obtained from the crime scene are very important in solving forensic cases. In order to determine the variables involved in a crime and to expedite the investigation process, especially the rapid analysis of body fluids in a small quantity and within an environment containing diverse components is necessary. For this reason, it is of great importance to analyse biological fluids with rapid, non-chemical contamination, non-destructive, low-cost and accurate techniques. In recent years, with advancements in laser technology, spectroscopic methods have been introduced as an analytical technique in forensic medicine and chemical studies. This study focuses …

Synthesis And Photooxygenation Of 3-(P-Substituted Phenyl)-3a,8a-Dihydro-4h-Cyclohepta[D]Isoxazoles: Facial Selectivity, Mahi̇re Emel Olgun, Abdullah Menzek, Ertan Şahi̇n, Yasi̇n Çeti̇nkaya

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Two 3-(p-substituted phenyl)-3a,8a-dihydro-4H-cyclohepta[d]isoxazoles were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the corresponding nitrile oxides with cycloheptatriene. Two endoperoxides were synthesized as facially selective and single products in high yields (93-95%) from the reactions of isoxazole derivatives with singlet oxygen. The exact configurations of the endoperoxide with a methyl group in the phenyl ring and the diol synthesized from it were confirmed by X-ray analysis. To elucidate the mechanism, the formation energy of the endoperoxide was investigated by simulations using the software package Gaussian 09 and density functional theory calculations via the M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) level method in dichloromethane. The results were consistent with …

Corrigendum To “Polybrominated Methoxy- And Hydroxynaphthalenes” [Turkish Journal Of Chemistry 40 (2) 2016 332-346 ], Kiymet Berki̇l Akar, Osman Çakmak, Tuncay Tunç

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

This corrigendum is to address an issue regarding the manuscript’s previous publication. The authors have regrettably noticed that the incorrect version of the figure and crystal data was used in the original published version of this paper. To rectify this oversight and ensure the accuracy of the published work the correct figure and data are included for your reference.

Link to the original article: https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/chem/vol40/iss2/11/

Impact Of Energy Allocation On Fish's Age And Weight At Maturation By Mathematical Models, Siyi Zhang

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The age and weight at maturation are crucial traits in an organism’s life cycle, influencing its growth, survival, and reproduction. We propose a biphasic energy allocation model, distinguishing pre-maturity and post-maturity, to study the mechanisms of maturation and estimate the age and weight at maturation. This model is parameterized for female lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). We compare different functions involved in the model, estimate parameters, and do sensitivity analysis. Our results indicate that (i) weight at maturation is positively related to the fraction of energy allocated to growth which, by data fitting, is almost a constant; (ii) age …

Macro–Micro-Coupled Simulations Of Bead–Spring Breaking-Reforming Networks, Andrei Medved

Theses and Dissertations

In this work we investigate the dynamic behavior of bead-spring polymer solutions in viscoelastic fluids, which are essential in industries like materials science, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals. The study leverages GPU-accelerated simulations and detailed modeling of polymer chain dynamics at the mesoscale, which enables efficient analysis of intricate fluid behaviors and the microscale dynamics of polymer chains. Additionally, the research examines the breaking-reforming dynamics of polymer chains, crucial for understanding phenomena such as shear thinning and thickening. The findings have broad applications, from improving inkjet printing and 3D printing technologies to developing new drug delivery systems and biocompatible materials. This work …

Transforming Computer Science Pedagogy: An Exploration Of Self-Recorded Videos (Srv) As A Teaching And Evaluation Tool, Hussam Ghunaim

Computer Science Faculty Publications

This study aims to introduce Self-Recorded Videos (SRV) as a novel method to help improve students’ performance in coding assignments in computer science courses. To our best knowledge, this is the first time the SRV method is applied in the context of computer science classes. The study was conducted with a sample size of 41 students who were registered in the online CSCI 331 Operating Systems course at Fort Hays State University. These students were given specific instructions to create Self-Recorded Videos SRVs for every coding assignment they were tasked with. This approach was designed to encourage students to engage …

2023 Analysis Of Microplastics In Bed Sediments Of The Puget Sound In The Salish Sea, Mia Robbins

Environmental Science Undergraduate Theses

Pollution of bays and estuaries by microplastics is an increasingly pressing concern, especially in bodies of water surrounded by densely populated areas. Microplastics have been found in waters virtually everywhere. Microplastics are known to be vectors for harmful chemicals and can impact digestion and other physiological processes in organisms. Quantifying the number of microplastics in the Puget Sound can give a clearer picture of the local scope of this issue. With this work, we monitored the levels of microplastics in sediments at 50 sites in the Puget Sound and related them to 2021. Sediments were disaggregated and density separated to …

2023 Analysis Of Harmful Algae In Bed Sediments Of The Puget Sound In The Salish Sea, Peyton Scheschy

Environmental Science Undergraduate Theses

Alexandrium catenella is a toxic dinoflagellate that has two life stages, a dormant cyst form within bed sediment, and a vegetative form that swims freely in the water column. Both produce a saxitoxin that can bioaccumulate within shellfish and when ingested by mammals, could potentially lead to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). This project looked at the distribution of cysts of A. catenella in the Salish Sea to inform shellfish harvesters of the potential for harmful algal blooms in their region. In order to analyze for cysts, sediment was collected at 50 stations throughout the Salish Sea. These samples were processed …

Sustainable Transportation: Transforming Utah Through Community Action, Isabella Erwin, Kendall Becker, Patrick A. Singleton, Scott Hotaling

All Current Publications

Transportation in the United States accounts for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Over half of these emissions come from on-road vehicles. Nationwide, Utah has the third highest rate of car ownership, and the resulting air pollution from on-road vehicles has significant implications for the climate and public health. This fact sheet provides information on how Utah’s government and other entities are working to expand modes of transport that minimize harm to communities and the environment.

Modeling, Analysis, Approximation, And Application Of Viscoelastic Structures And Anomalous Transport, Yiqun Li

Theses and Dissertations

(Variable-order) fractional partial differential equations are emerging as a competitive means to integer-order PDEs in characterizing the memory and hereditary properties of physical processes, e.g., anomalously diffusive transport, viscoelastic mechanics and financial mathematics, and thus have attracted widespread attention. In particular, optimal control problems governed by fractional partial differential equations are attracting increasing attentions since they are shown to provide competitive descriptions of challenging physical phenomena. Nevertheless, variable-order fractional models exhibit salient features compared with their constant-order analogues and introduce mathematical difficulties that are not typical encountered in the context of integer-order and constant-order fractional partial differential equations.

This dissertation …

Advances In Chalcogenide Crystal Growth, Anna Berseneva

Theses and Dissertations

Chalcogenides are the cornerstone of the semiconductor and thermoelectric industries and are up-and-coming materials for superconductors, catalysis, and battery applications. Challenges in the synthesis of those materials emerge from the chalcogen’s volatility and the tendencies of chalcogenide to react with even trace quantities of oxygen. Nonetheless, many techniques have been applied to the growth of chalcogenide single crystals, which are convenient for structure determinations and intrinsic property measurements. This dissertation will detail synthetic strategies applied to the crystal growth of novel chalcogenide materials via molten flux preparation (Chapters 2, 4, and 5), hydrothermal synthesis (Chapter 1 and 3), and single-crystal-to-single …

Bayesian Methods In Analyzing The Diagnostic Accuracy\\ For Ordinal Ratings, Yun Yang

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on ordinal classification ratings, which are commonly used in medical practice to assess the severity of a disease or condition. For example, a group of radiologists rate a set of mammograms and assign BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting Data System) score for each mammogram. A Bayesian probit hierarchical model is first proposed to analyze this type of data. It links the ordinal ratings with both rater diagnostic skills and patient latent disease severity. Each rater diagnostic skills are quantified with two parameters, diagnostic bias and diagnostic magnifier. Patient latent disease severity is assumed to follow a different normal …

Object Classification, Detection And Tracking In Challenging Underwater Environment, Md Modasshir

Theses and Dissertations

The main contributions of this thesis is the applicability and architectural designs of deep learning algorithms in underwater imagery. In recent times, deep learning techniques for object classification and detection have achieved exceptional levels of accuracy that surpass human capabilities. However, the effectiveness of these techniques in underwater environments has not been thoroughly researched. This thesis delves into various research areas related to underwater environments, such as object classification, detection, semantic segmentation, pose regression, and semi-supervised retraining of detection models.

The first part of the thesis studies image classification and detection. Image classification is a fundamental process that involves assigning …

Generalizations Of The Graham-Pollak Tree Theorem, Gabrielle Anne Tauscheck

Theses and Dissertations

Graham and Pollak showed in 1971 that the determinant of a tree’s distance matrix depends only on its number of vertices, and, in particular, it is always nonzero. This dissertation will generalize their result via two different directions: Steiner distance k-matrices and distance critical graphs. The Steiner distance of a collection of k vertices in a graph is the fewest number of edges in any connected subgraph containing those vertices; for k = 2, this reduces to the ordinary definition of graphical distance. Here, we show that the hyperdeterminant of the Steiner distance k-matrix is always zero if …

Representation Dimensions Of Algebraic Tori And Symmetric Ranks Of G-Lattices, Jason Bailey Heath

Theses and Dissertations

Algebraic tori over a field k are special examples of affine group schemes over k, such as the multiplicative group of the field or the unit circle. Any algebraic torus can be embedded into the group of invertible n x n matrices with entries in k for some n, and the smallest such n is called the representation dimension of that torus. Representation dimensions of algebraic tori can be studied via symmetric ranks of G-lattices. A G-lattice L is a group isomorphic to the additive group Zⁿ for some n, along with an action …

Metal-Organic Frameworks For Global Environmental Challenges, Kyoungchul Park

Theses and Dissertations

Over the past few decades, there has been a demand for improving nuclear waste administration due to a significant increase in the utilization of nuclear energy. The driving force for proper nuclear waste disposal is evident when considering past nuclear catastrophes—such as Chernobyl and Fukushima—where radionuclide contamination of large bodies of water sparked public concern. In order to manage such radioactive species, the emerging areas of radionuclide sequestration, storage, separation, and sensing must be addressed in the upcoming years. This dissertation presents a potential candidate for addressing these challenges, called metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Due to their porosity, high surface area, …

Controlling Properties Of Hybrid Materials: Leaching Kinetics And Electronic Structure, Anna Berseneva

Theses and Dissertations

Hybrid materials are a unique class of materials that merge the properties of organic and inorganic building blocks. These materials are at the frontier of material science due to their wide modularity and applicability in numerous fields, ranging from catalysis to nuclear waste treatment. Unprecedented tunability of physical properties via changes in organic, inorganic moieties and their connectivity, enables for hybrid materials to address current challenges in the materials’ applications improving energy landscape.

The presented work consists of six chapters where the synthesis and design of new hybrid materials, fundamental understanding of electronic behavior and its modulation in organic-inorganic materials, …

Deconvolving Provenance Signatures Of Pliocene-Pleistocene Coastal Loess Deposits Along The Atlantic Margin Of Argentina, Will Robert Quanrud

Theses and Dissertations

Dust derived from southern South America provides critical nutrients for autotropic marine biota in the South Atlantic Ocean, such that fluxes of wind-blown sediment may ultimately affect the concentration of atmospheric CO2. Expansive sand, silt, and loess deposits are exposed in Central Argentina, recording millions of years of eolian processes; however, the provenance and transport pathways of this dust remains unclear. Coastal loess deposits ranging in age from Pliocene to upper Pleistocene are present along the Atlantic margin of Argentina and provide information on sediment transport pathways for the last 4 million years. Nine samples of loess were collected and …

Analysis Of The Effect Of Vaccination, Efficient Surveillance And Treatment On The Transmission Dynamics Of Cholera, Loyinmi Adedapo Chris, Ajala Adebisi Shukurat, Alani L. Ijaola

Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences

In this study, we presented a modified SIR-SI model to investigate the dynamics and potential controls for cholera transmission, with an incident rate equipped with a saturation factor to investigate the combined impact of three vital measures which include effective surveillance, vaccination campaign and proper treatment in case severity. We established among other things, the qualitative analysis of the model to validate the results. Furthermore, the reproduction number (R0) was found to be less than unity (1), through the stability analysis. Additionally, finite different scheme was utilized in solving the differential equations of the model. MATLAB software was used for …

Estimating Post-Fire Flood Infrastructure Clogging And Overtopping Hazards, Ariane Jong-Levinger, Douglas Houston, Brett F. Sanders

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Cycles of wildfire and rainfall produce sediment-laden floods that pose a hazard to development and may clog or overtop protective infrastructure, including debris basins and flood channels. The compound, post-fire flood hazards associated with infrastructure overtopping and clogging are challenging to estimate due to the need to account for interactions between sequences of wildfire and storm events and their impact on flood control infrastructure over time. Here we present data sources and calibration methods to estimate infrastructure clogging and channel overtopping hazards on a catchment-by-catchment basis using the Post-Fire Flood Hazard Model (PF2HazMo), a stochastic modeling approach that utilizes continuous …

Erlang-Distributed Seir Epidemic Models With Cross-Diffusion, Victoria Chebotaeva

Theses and Dissertations

We examine the effects of cross-diffusion dynamics in epidemiological models. Using reaction-diffusion dynamics to model the spread of infectious diseases, we focus on situations in which the movement of individuals is affected by the concentration of individuals of other categories. In particular, we present a model where susceptible individuals move away from large concentrations of infected and infectious individuals.

Our results show that accounting for this cross-diffusion dynamics leads to a noticeable effect on epidemic dynamics. It is noteworthy that this leads to a delay in the onset of epidemics and an increase in the total number of people infected. …

Global Well-Posedness Of Nonlocal Differential Equations Arising From Traffic Flow, Thomas Joseph Hamori

Theses and Dissertations

Macroscopic traffic flow models describe the evolution of a function ρ(t, x), which represents the traffic density at time t and location x according to a differential equation (typically a conservation law). Numerous models have been introduced over the years which capture the phenomenon of shock formation in which the solution develops a discontinuity. This presents difficulties from the standpoint of mathematical analysis, necessitating the consideration of weak solutions. At the same time, this undesirable mathematical behavior corresponds to unsafe driving conditions on real roadways, in which the heaviness of traffic may vary abruptly and dramatically. This thesis introduces and …

Assessing Multi-Annual Phytoplankton Community Compositions And Biomass Across Tidal Creek And Open Water Estuarine Habitats In South Carolina, Shannon Elizabeth Powers

Theses and Dissertations

The urbanization of coastal environments in recent decades has caused an accelerating increase in nutrient-rich runoff from the landscape. The presence of these excess nutrients in the aquatic environment can result in degradation of water quality and harmful algal blooms. In South Carolina (SC), coastal development continues to threaten the resiliency of salt marsh estuaries, especially in combination with other stressors like climate change and sea level rise. Estuaries are important nurseries and habitats for fisheries and ecotourism. The South Carolina Estuarine and Coastal Assessment Program (SCECAP) is an ongoing monitoring program that assesses the habitat condition along the coast …

New Techniques For Studying Ocean Eddy Dynamics In The Arabian Sea And The Gulf Of Mexico, Paul Andrew Ernst

Theses and Dissertations

Coherent vortices known as eddies are ubiquitous throughout the world’s oceans and are responsible for modulating regional climates via the transfer of heat, momentum, and salt. Two regions where eddies are particularly prominent are the Arabian Sea (AS) and the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). This dissertation advances the study of eddies in these regions by developing and employing new techniques in conjunction with remotely sensed data and high-resolution ocean models. These models focus particularly on lesser-studied eddy components at the subsurface and the submesoscale (below 25 km in radius).

The first component of this dissertation focuses on the Lakshadweep High …

Reconstructing The Paleotempestology Record From The Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center At Ponce, Puerto Rico, Karina Cortijo-Robles

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center represents a unique place for past Indigenous gatherings in the Caribbean. While it currently remains unknown what led to the site's abandonment, it is hypothesized that hurricanes could have played a significant role. The objectives of this research are to understand the impact of major hurricanes on cultural development by (1) identifying the significant features of the two most recent catastrophic hurricanes and (2) reconstructing a paleotempestological record for Tibes to interpret how the population could have adapted to hurricanes or how they led to the abandonment of the site. Overwash deposits preserved in sediments of …

Native Frequency Domain Monte Carlo Simulation Of Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging For Look-Up Table Generation, Daemon A. Dikeman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Early detection of diseases and injuries is critical for many treatments to be effective in achieving positive patient outcomes; this early detection is aided by accessible and non-invasive diagnostic methods including biophotonics. Tools such as Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) and Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging (DOSI) are two clinically relevant and powerful biophotonics techniques for identification and monitoring of disease and injury in medical settings, due to their utility in imaging and diagnosis, but recognizing their full potential necessitates advances in photon simulations to improve accuracy. The utility of SFDI in particular is heavily limited by the accuracy and applicability …

Research: Art, Information, And Academic Inquiry, Luke D. Mckinney

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In light of the rapidly changing landscape of knowledge production and dissemination, this paper proposes a reformation of academic research that integrates artistic methodologies, emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration, and prioritizes clear communication to both specialized and general audiences. By reconceptualizing research as a multidimensional, embodied practice that encompasses both rational and irrational elements, we can create a more inclusive, adaptable, and effective approach to scholarship that bridges the rational divide between artistic and scientific inquiry that allows for the engagement of Artistic Research from within the institution, ultimately leading to more innovative and impactful contributions to human knowledge.

Insights Into The Metallogenesis Of The Northern And Central Subdistricts Of The Aroostook Manganese District: Evidence From Stratigraphy, Mineralogy, And Geochemistry, Lauren Madsen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Aroostook Manganese District in Northern Maine consists of northern, central, and southern subdistricts of Silurian age. Collectively, they represent the largest manganese reserve in the United States (Cannon et al., 2017). This study focuses on the northern and central manganese subdistricts, where cross-sectional characterization and sampling across four continuous exposures of the primary ore zone have been conducted. Analytical methods include pXRF, whole-rock geochemical analyses by WDXRF and ICP-OES, petrography, and mineral identification by electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) via electron microprobe. These methods provide a modern characterization of the stratigraphy and mineralogy of the deposits to better constrain the …

Detrital Zircon Geochronology Of The Central Maine Basin: Implications For Provenance And Tectonic History, Piper Kramer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Central Maine basin was positioned between the eastern margin of Laurentia and the micro-continent Ganderia and is composed of metamorphosed marine sedimentary rocks deposited in Late Ordovician to Early Devonian time. Repeated deformation from the Acadian and subsequent orogenies obfuscates the stratigraphy and has led to varied interpretations of Maine’s tectonic history. The Messalonskee Lake thrust (MLT) has been proposed to divide the Central Maine basin into western and eastern sections, separating two stratigraphic sequences of similar age and lithologic character: the Sangerville Formation in the western lower plate and the Vassalboro Group in the eastern upper plate. The …