Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Exploring The Early Solar System: Cometary Chemical Fingerprints: A Study Of Comet C/2022 E3 (Ztf) Via Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Grace Puchalski

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Comets are small, icy remnants from the solar system formation (4.5 billion years ago). Their interior composition should reflect the composition and conditions presented in the mid-plane of the protoplanetary region where (and when) they formed. These small objects predominantly reside in two major reservoirs, the Oort cloud and the Kuiper belt. Comets coming from the Oort cloud have long orbital periods while comets from the Kuiper belt have short orbital periods (< 200 years). An overarching goal in astronomy is to understand the conditions presented in the planetary region in the early solar system. Since comets lack a known mechanism of self internal heating, any processes that have changed their composition should only affect a few meters deep, which is believed to be excavated over a course of a perihelion passage into the inner parts of the solar system. As comets get closer to the Sun, solar irradiation causes their ices to sublime, leaving a formation of a freely expanding atmosphere (coma). Depending on the science interest, astrophysicists use different techniques for data collection, a common one being spectroscopy. Using iSHELL spectrograph at the NASA-Near-Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF), we examine the primary chemical composition (e.g., H2O, CO, CH4, C2H6, C2H2, H2CO, NH3, CH3OH, OCS, and OH) of cometary coma in bright comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF). Our preliminary results indicate the H2O production rate of ~3.4E28 (molecules per second), which corresponds to the rotational temperature of 86 (K). Cometary atmospheres are dense enough that molecules in the inner coma are thermalized by collision (Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium), thus 86 (K) is a physical parameter of coma. We compared the production of the rest of species with that of water (in %) and our results indicated that comet E3 was typical (close to average) in mixing ratios of all volatile species. By mapping the intensity of light with distance from the nucleus,we were able to examine the spatial distribution of volatiles and dust in E3’s coma which were consistent with production directly from the nucleus.

Leveraging Propagation Delay For Wormhole Detection In Wireless Networks, Harry May, Travis Atkison

Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

Detecting and mitigating wormhole attacks in wireless networks remains a critical challenge due to their deceptive nature and potential to compromise network integrity. This paper proposes a novel approach to wormhole detection by leveraging propagation delay analysis between network nodes. Unlike traditional methods that rely on signature-based detection or specialized hardware, our method focuses on analyzing propagation delay timings to identify anomalous behavior indicative of wormhole attacks. The proposed methodology involves collecting propagation delay data in both normal network scenarios and scenarios with inserted malicious wormhole nodes. By comparing these delay timings, our approach aims to differentiate between legitimate network …

Understanding The Use Of Artificial Intelligence In Cybercrime, Sinyong Choi, Thomas Dearden, Katalin Parti

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

Artificial intelligence is one of the newest innovations that offenders also exploit to satisfy their criminal desires. Although understanding cybercrimes associated with this relatively new technology is essential in developing proper preventive measures, little has been done to examine this area. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of the articles featured in the special issue of the International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence and Cybercrime, ranging from deepfake in the metaverse to social engineering attacks. This issue includes articles that were presented by the winners of the student paper competition at the 2024 International White Hat Conference.

Cyber Victimization In The Healthcare Industry: Analyzing Offender Motivations And Target Characteristics Through Routine Activities Theory (Rat) And Cyber-Routine Activities Theory (Cyber-Rat), Yashna Praveen, Mijin Kim, Kyung-Shick Choi

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

The integration of computer technology in healthcare has revolutionized patient care but has also introduced significant cyber risks. Despite the healthcare sector being a primary target for cyber-attacks, research on the dynamics of these threats and practical solutions remains limited. Understanding the complexities of cyberattacks in this sector is critical, as the impact extends beyond financial losses to directly affect patient care and the protection of sensitive information. This paper applies Routine Activities Theory (RAT) and Cyber Routine Activities Theory (C-RAT) to analyze high-tech cyber victimization case studies in healthcare. The analysis explores the motivations behind these attacks and identifies …

Investigating The Intersection Of Ai And Cybercrime: Risks, Trends, And Countermeasures, Sanaika Shetty, Kyung-Shick Choi, Insun Park

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

No abstract provided.

Integrated Model Of Cybercrime Dynamics: A Comprehensive Framework For Understanding Offending And Victimization In The Digital Realm, Troy Smith Phd

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

This article introduces the Integrated Model of Cybercrime Dynamics (IMCD), a novel theoretical framework for examining the complex interplay between individual characteristics, online behavior, environmental factors, and outcomes related to cybercrime offending and victimization. The model incorporates key concepts from existing theories, empirical evidence, and interdisciplinary perspectives to provide a comprehensive framework. In contrast to traditional criminological theories, the proposed model integrates concepts from multiple disciplines to offer a holistic framework that captures the complexity of cybercrime and specifically caters for the uniqueness of cyberspace. The article will provide a detailed overview of the conceptual model, its theoretical underpinnings drawing …

The Effect Of Different Vegetable Oils (Macadamia Nut Oil And Walnut Oil) On The Coefficient Of Friction As A Finish For Oak Wood, Lee Dillon

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Slipping due to insufficient friction with flooring can cause fatal injuries in workplaces and homes. Oak wood flooring is commonly used in construction to build these environments. In the manufacturing process, wood finishing is conducted at the end of the process to strengthen the properties and longevity of the wood, although it could impact the coefficient of friction (COF) causing slip falls. Vegetable oils, such as macadamia nut and walnut oils, used as wood finishes have gained prominence due to their beneficial aspects to the environment. However, little is known about their effectiveness as a safe coating for wood floors. …

Cortisol And Alpha-Synuclein Stability In Saliva Under Varying Storage And Handling Conditions, Mo Zheng, Sujata Srikanth, Jeremiah Carpenter, Delphine Dean

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairments and non-motor symptoms, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Currently, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the primary biofluid used for PD biomarker studies, notably α-synuclein, despite the invasive nature of lumbar puncture procedures. Recent work has shown that some of these PD biomarkers have been measured in saliva. As an alternative to CSF, saliva can be non-invasively self-collected by patients repeatedly over time to monitor biomarker levels. However, the stability of these biomarkers in saliva needs to be evaluated before saliva can be considered for patient self-collection studies. Therefore, …

Table Of Contents

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Understand Energy Issues With Chatgpt, Haochi Zheng

AI Assignment Library

This assignment is designed for the upper-level undergraduate Environmental and Natural Resource Economics class. The purpose of the assignment is to help students:

• Deepen understanding of the main differences between non-renewable and renewable resources through an experience of using AI technology;
• Collaborate with others to apply the basic Economics theories (consumer and producer principles) in analyzing energy issues and validating the accuracy of online information;

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Revised Draft Final Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Field Sampling Plans (Fsps) And Response To Agency Comments – Bres No. 34e Eveline Dump East, Bres No. 52 Moscow Dump (Dated August 13, 2024) And The Bres No. 78 Original Mine Yard (Updated On September 6, 2024), Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Draft Final Blacktail Creek Groundwater Hydraulic Control System Pre-Design Investigation Evaluation Report, Stantec Consulting Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

On Signifiable Computability: Part I: Signification Of Real Numbers, Sequences, And Types, Vladimir A. Kulyukin

Computer Science Faculty and Staff Publications

Signifiable computability aims to separate what is theoretically computable from what is computable through performable processes on computers with finite amounts of memory. Real numbers and sequences thereof, data types, and instances are treated as finite texts, and memory limitations are made explicit through a requirement that the texts be stored in the available memory on the devices that manipulate them. In Part I of our investigation, we define the concepts of signification and reference of real numbers. We extend signification to number tuples, data types, and data instances and show that data structures representable as tuples of discretely finite …

Biochar And Biosorbents Derived From Biomass For Arsenic Remediation, Gaurav Sharma, Yaksha Verma, Chin Wei Lai, Mu Naushad, Jibran Iqbal, Amit Kumar, Pooja Dhiman

All Works

Global groundwater contamination by Arsenic (As) presents a grave danger to the health of living beings and wildlife, demanding comprehensive remediation strategies. This review delves into the complex landscape of arsenic remediation, encompassing its chemical forms, occurrences, sources, and associated health risks. Advanced techniques, notably biomass-derived adsorbents, emerge as promising and cost-effective solutions. The exploration spans preparing and modifying biomass-derived adsorbents, unraveling their adsorption capacity, influencing factors, isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Noteworthy attention is given to plant-agricultural waste, algal-fungal-bacterial, and iron-modified biomass-derived adsorbents. The comprehensive discussion of the adsorption mechanism highlights the efficacy of low-cost biomass, particularly from plant, animal, …

Human Capital At Home: Evidence From A Randomized Evaluation In The Philippines, Noam Angrist, Sarah Kabay, Dean S. Karlan, Lincoln Lau, Kevin M. Wong

Education Division Scholarship

Children spend most of their time at home in their early years, yet efforts to promote human capital at home in many low- and middle-income settings remain limited. We conduct a randomized controlled trial to evaluate an intervention which encourages parents and caregivers to foster human capital accumulation among their children between ages 3 and 5, with a focus on math and phonics skills. Children gain 0.52 and 0.51 standard deviations relative to the control group on math and phonics tests, respectively (p<0.001). A year later effects persist, but math gains dissipate to 0.15 (p=0.06) and phonics to 0.13 (p=0.12). Effects appear to be mediated largely through instructional support by parents and not other parent investment mechanisms, such as more positive parent-child interactions or additional time spent on education at home beyond the intervention. Our results show that parents can be effective conduits of educational instruction even in low-resource settings.

Q-Rational Functions And Interpolation With Complete Nevanlinna–Pick Kernels, Daniel Alpay, Paula Cerejeiras, Uwe Kaehler, Baruch Schneider

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

In this paper we introduce the concept of matrix-valued q-rational functions. In comparison to the classical case, we give different characterizations with principal emphasis on realizations and discuss algebraic manipulations. We also study the concept of Schur multipliers and complete Nevanlinna–Pick kernels in the context of q-deformed reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and provide first applications in terms of an interpolation problem using Schur multipliers and complete Nevanlinna–Pick kernels.

Method Of Selecting The Optimal Variant Of Mine Closure With The Possibility Of Capturing Methane From Underground Excavations, Marian Turek, Małgorzata Magdziarczyk

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The article presents a method of selecting the optimal option for the closure of a coal mine, from which it is planned to capture the methane remaining in the goaf and deposit it for many years for its economic use. Using the example of several options for the closure of one of the mines, for which the evaluation criteria have been defined, and the weights of their relevance have been determined, it is described how to create a special algorithm for the selection of the optimal option.

The Environment Of Glaciovolcanic Caves And Their Value As Planetary Analogues, Christian Stenner, Lee J. Florea, Linda Sobolewski, Andreas Pflitsch, Morgan Cable, Roberto Anitori, Richard E. Davis, Kathleen Graham, Glyn Williams-Jones

FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments

No abstract provided.

The Ecology Of Chemosynthesis In Submerged Coastal Caves, Robert Scharping, Michael Casso, Isabel Schaal, Paul Henderson, James Garey, Matthew Charette, John Pohlman, Stefan Sievert

FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments

No abstract provided.

Euler Archive Spotlight: Ed Sandifer's Influence, Erik Tou

Euleriana

The Euler Archive owes its existence to the work and enthusiasm of C. Edward Sandifer. In this issue, we give a history of Ed's work and influence on the creation and growth of the Euler Archive.

Translating Scientific Latin Texts With Artificial Intelligence: The Works Of Euler And Contemporaries, Sylvio R. Bistafa

Euleriana

The major hindrance in the study of earlier scientific literature is the availability of Latin translations into modern languages. This is particularly true for the works of Euler who authored about 850 manuscripts and wrote a thousand letters and received back almost two thousand more. The translation of many of these manuscripts, books and letters have been published in various sources over the last two centuries, but many more have not yet appeared. Fortunately, nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) translation can be used to circumvent the challenges of translating such substantial number of texts. To validate this tool, benchmark tests have …

On The Vibration Of Strings: An English Translation Of Leonhard Euler’S `Sur La Vibration Des Cordes' (E140), Reilly R. Fortune

Euleriana

We present an English translation of E140 - 'Sur la Vibration des cordes.'

About The Cases In Which The Formula X^4+Mxxyy+Y^4 Can Be Reduced To A Square, Georg Ehlers

Euleriana

Euler continues a previous study on the title Quartic (E696) with a new approach. His starting point here is the observation that, when the title Quartic is solved for m, the resulting fraction becomes an integer when z=ax^2y^2-(x^2±y^2). He provides many quadratic forms for m that allow special solutions, and tables for |m|≤200. Even though the tables are known today to be incomplete, they allow an insight into the enormous amount of work that was needed for their compilation.

The interest in the title Quartic predates Euler, and the fact that he resumed the study indicates a …

Ed Sandifer: A Running Mathematician And Mathematical Runner, Rick Cleary

Euleriana

Historian of mathematics C. Edward Sandifer was an outstanding marathon runner as well as a first rate mathematician. This note is a review of Prof. Sandifer's athletic successes, and a look at the attributes that he brought to both his professional and running careers.

How Ed Did It - A Memorial Conference To Honor Ed Sandifer, Lawrence D'Antonio

Euleriana

I look back at the virtual conference from February 2023 that was organized to honor the memory of the historian of mathematics Ed Sandifer, who had died in August 2022. The program of the conference is given at the end of the article.

Looking Back And Looking Forward, Christopher Goff, Erik Tou

Euleriana

An introduction to the contents in Issue 2, Volume 4 of Euleriana.

High Mountain Ecosystems And Snow Cover In A Changing Climate: For Better Or For Worse, Philippe Choler

FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments

No abstract provided.

Alphafold2 Modeling And Molecular Dynamics Simulations Of The Conformational Ensembles For The Sars-Cov-2 Spike Omicron Jn.1, Kp.2 And Kp.3 Variants: Mutational Profiling Of Binding Energetics Reveals Epistatic Drivers Of The Ace2 Affinity And Escape Hotspots Of Antibody Resistance, Nishank Raisinghani, Mohammed Alshahrani, Grace Gupta, Gennady M. Verkhivker

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

AlphaFold2-based atomistic predictions of structures and conformational ensembles of the SARS-CoV-2 spike complexes with the host receptor ACE2 for the most dominant Omicron variants JN.1, KP.1, KP.2 and KP.3 to examine the mechanisms underlying the role of convergent evolution hotspots in balancing ACE2 binding and antibody evasion. Using the ensemble-based mutational scanning of the spike protein residues and computations of binding affinities, we identified binding energy hotspots and characterized the molecular basis underlying epistatic couplings between convergent mutational hotspots. The results suggested the existence of epistatic interactions between convergent mutational sites at L455, F456, Q493 positions that protect and restore …

Institutional Data Repositories Are Vital, Jen Darragh, Mikala R. Narlock, Halle Burns, Peter A. Cerda, Wind Cowles, Leslie M. Delserone, Seth Erickson, Joel Herndon, Heidi Imker, Lisa R. Johnston, Sherry Lake, Michael Lenard, Alicia Hofelich Mohr, Jennifer Moore, Jonathan Petters, Brandie Pullen, Shawna Taylor, Briana Wham

UNL Libraries: Faculty Publications

As funding agencies and publishers reiterate research data sharing expectations (1), many higher-education institutions have demonstrated their commitment to the long-term stewardship of research data by connecting researchers to local infrastructure, with dedicated staffing, that eases the burden of data sharing. Institutional repositories are an example of this investment (2). They provide support for researchers in sharing data that might otherwise be lost: data without a disciplinary repository, data from projects with limited funding, or data that are too large to sustainably store elsewhere. The staffing and technical infrastructure provided by institutional repositories ensures responsible access to information while considering …

Review Of Data Bias In Healthcare Applications, Atharva Prakash Parate, Aditya Ajay Iyer, Kanav Gupta, Harsh Porwal, P. C. Kishoreraja, R. Sivakumar, Rahul Soangra

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

In the area of medical artificial intelligence (AI), data bias is a major difficulty that affects several phases of data collection, processing, and model building. The many forms of data bias that are common in AI in healthcare are thoroughly examined in this review study, encompassing biases related to socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity as well as biases in machine learning models and datasets. We examine how data bias affects the provision of healthcare, emphasizing how it might worsen health inequalities and jeopardize the accuracy of AI-driven clinical tools. We address methods for reducing data bias in AI and focus …