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Articles 3721 - 3750 of 8242
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Magnetic Inversion Modeling Of Subsurface Geologic Structures For Mineral Deposits Mapping In Southeastern Nigeria, Ema Abraham, Ayatu Usman, Kelvin Chima, George-Best Azuoko, Iheanyi Ikeazota
Magnetic Inversion Modeling Of Subsurface Geologic Structures For Mineral Deposits Mapping In Southeastern Nigeria, Ema Abraham, Ayatu Usman, Kelvin Chima, George-Best Azuoko, Iheanyi Ikeazota
Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration
Magnetic inversion techniques have been implemented to infer the extension and geometry of magnetic structures and also evaluate its influence on mineralization within Abakaliki and its environs, southeastern Nigeria. The modeling approach considers the techniques of threedimensional (3D) magnetic data inversion, Euler deconvolution, analytic signal inversion, Enhanced Local Wavenumber (ELW) Technique and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to estimate source parameters and compare results. Model solutions were interpreted to represent possible geologic units with varying trends, housing mineralization within the study region. Results from inversion computation over some active mine locations show subsurface bodies with magnetic susceptibilities >0.00188 SI. Model results …
Vitrinite Reflectances And Mineralogy Of Coal Clasts In The Late Carboniferous Sequences In The Two-Deep Research Wells From The Kozlu Coalfield (Zonguldak Basin, Nw Türkiye), Ali İhsan Karayi̇ği̇t, Rıza Görkem Oskay
Vitrinite Reflectances And Mineralogy Of Coal Clasts In The Late Carboniferous Sequences In The Two-Deep Research Wells From The Kozlu Coalfield (Zonguldak Basin, Nw Türkiye), Ali İhsan Karayi̇ği̇t, Rıza Görkem Oskay
Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration
Fifty-four coal clast samples in the siliciclastic rocks (e.g., sandstone and conglomerate) were collected from cores of two-deep research wells (K20H and K20K) drilled at the Kozlu coalfield in Zonguldak Basin, and for the first time, they were evaluated using mineralogy by XRD and SEMEDX and random vitrinite reflectance (%Rr) measurements in order to find out their origin and timing. Petrographic observations on polish surfaces show that the coal clasts are either entirely xylitic/vitrinitic particles or coals including a broader range of macerals. The detected minerals in the samples are mostly derived from the parental coal seams and, to a …
Coal Quality, Mineralogy, Petrography, And Geochemistry Of The High-Strontium Bozburun Lignite (Malatya, Eastern Türkiye), Rıza Görkem Oskay, Ali İhsan Karayi̇ği̇t
Coal Quality, Mineralogy, Petrography, And Geochemistry Of The High-Strontium Bozburun Lignite (Malatya, Eastern Türkiye), Rıza Görkem Oskay, Ali İhsan Karayi̇ği̇t
Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration
The Bozburun coalfield hosts a late Miocene 1.1 m thick coal seam. This study aims to determine coal quality, mineralogy, petrography and geochemistry, and controlling factors of elemental enrichments. The coals are generally black and greyish black in colour, and the low part of the seam commonly includes fossil shell remains. The ash yield displays a decreasing trend towards the upper part of the seam; in turn, gross calorific and total C values increase upwards. The total S content being generally higher than 5% (on dry basis), displays an increasing trend towards the upper part. In the entire seam, huminite …
Modelling And Computation Of Gravitational Attraction, Gradient Tensors, Rotational And Horizontal Invariants Of Asteroid Bennu (101955), Itokawa (25143) And Eros (433) Via 2d Non-Uniform Fft, İlkin Özsöz
Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration
The internal structure and mass distribution of the terrestrial objects are yet unknown. The 2D gravity model with a constant density of the terrestrial objects can shed light on the surficial or textural heterogeneity due to topographic variations of the terrestrial objects. Three different steroids, which are Bennu (101955), Itokawa (25143) and Eros (433) are modelled in this study. During the modelling phase, a different number of edges, elements, nodes, and faces are used to describe the 3D models of Bennu, Itokawa, and Eros. These 3D models are used in 2D Non-Uniform Fast Fourier Transform (NU-FFT) applications to obtain gravitational …
Toward The Integration Of Behavioral Sensing And Artificial Intelligence, Subigya K. Nepal
Toward The Integration Of Behavioral Sensing And Artificial Intelligence, Subigya K. Nepal
Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations
The integration of behavioral sensing and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increasingly proven invaluable across various domains, offering profound insights into human behavior, enhancing mental health monitoring, and optimizing workplace productivity. This thesis presents five pivotal studies that employ smartphone, wearable, and laptop-based sensing to explore and push the boundaries of what these technologies can achieve in real-world settings. This body of work explores the innovative and practical applications of AI and behavioral sensing to capture and analyze data for diverse purposes. The first part of the thesis comprises longitudinal studies on behavioral sensing, providing a detailed, long-term view of how …
Probing The Surface Structure Of Ferrocene Modified Electrodes Using Cyclic Voltammetry, Rebekah S. Stanley
Probing The Surface Structure Of Ferrocene Modified Electrodes Using Cyclic Voltammetry, Rebekah S. Stanley
Reviews, Analyses, and Instructional Studies in Electrochemistry (RAISE)
Modifying electrodes imparts new electrochemical properties for use in various applications. To fully understand these electrochemical properties the structure of the modified surface needs to be characterized. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) offers a quick and simple way to determine if the surface structure has been homogeneously modified even at low surface concentrations. Nonideal responses in CV scans give insights to the microenvironments and structure of the monolayer surface that may be indistinguishable in other techniques. Peak fitting CV data, coupled with other surface techniques, can further characterize the contributions and nature of these microenvironments and aid in structural determination.
An Overview Of How To Measure The Kinetic Properties Of An Anode Material For The Chlorine Evolution Reaction, Cameron Vann
An Overview Of How To Measure The Kinetic Properties Of An Anode Material For The Chlorine Evolution Reaction, Cameron Vann
Reviews, Analyses, and Instructional Studies in Electrochemistry (RAISE)
The process of generating chlorine gas using electrolysis in aqueous systems is well established. However, a new process requires chlorine to be generated at high temperatures using molten salt. This harsh environment requires a new study of anode materials for the chlorine evolution reaction. Anode materials can be compared by their kinetic parameters, the transfer coefficient α and the exchange current i0. The basic theory of these properties as they relate to the chlorine evolution reaction has been detailed and an analysis method for finding these effective parameters has been shown and demonstrated.
Model To Demonstrate Effects Of Mass Transfer And Applied Current In An Electrolytic Cell, George Ankrah
Model To Demonstrate Effects Of Mass Transfer And Applied Current In An Electrolytic Cell, George Ankrah
Reviews, Analyses, and Instructional Studies in Electrochemistry (RAISE)
This study investigates the relationship between applied current and resulting cell potential in an electrolytic system, considering the transport of electroactive species. By applying Michael Faraday's laws of electrolysis and the Nernst-Planck equation, the behavior of electroactive species in diffusion-controlled systems with and without stirring is modeled. The plots demonstrate how stirring enhances ion transport and establishes a stable Nernst diffusion layer, affecting the kinetics of electrochemical reactions. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for optimizing electrolysis processes.
Model Of The Effect Of Voltage On Contact Angle In An Electrolytic Cell Reaction, Aaron Essilfie
Model Of The Effect Of Voltage On Contact Angle In An Electrolytic Cell Reaction, Aaron Essilfie
Reviews, Analyses, and Instructional Studies in Electrochemistry (RAISE)
This paper investigates the hypothesis that the contact angle at the meniscus of an electrode-electrolyte can be altered during a redox reaction through the coupled understanding of electrowetting and capillarity rise. Recent studies in electrowetting have focused on dielectric surfaces but research on contact angle at the electrode-electrolyte surface is lacking. The study employs a basic electrolytic cell. By applying principles of electrowetting and capillary rise the research aims to understand the relationship between applied voltage and contact angle, to advancements in electrochemistry and microfluidics.
Review Of Cyclic Voltammetry Measurements For Uranium In Flinak Molten Salt, Jackson Ivory
Review Of Cyclic Voltammetry Measurements For Uranium In Flinak Molten Salt, Jackson Ivory
Reviews, Analyses, and Instructional Studies in Electrochemistry (RAISE)
The electrochemical behavior of uranium FLiNaK molten salts is explored, focusing on cyclic voltammetry (CV) as a powerful tool for redox characterization and diffusion studies. Through a comprehensive review of recent research, the study highlights the significance of CV in understanding electrode kinetics, material compatibility, and process optimization in molten salt environments. The findings underscore the potential of FLiNaK molten salt reactors in advancing nuclear energy technologies, fuel processing, and waste management strategies. Collaborative interdisciplinary efforts are emphasized to address challenges and accelerate innovation in electrochemical methods for nuclear applications.
Optical Tweezers Explorations: Dna-Mitoxantrone Interactions At 20pn, Heléna Kathryn Beeloo
Optical Tweezers Explorations: Dna-Mitoxantrone Interactions At 20pn, Heléna Kathryn Beeloo
Honors Program Theses and Projects
Mitoxantrone is a chemotherapy drug that treats a variety of cancers by inhibiting cancer cell replication through intercalation with DNA. Intercalation is the process by which certain small molecules slide flat planar regions in their structure between the base pairs of DNA. This increases the stacking force in the DNA double helix, preventing DNA replication by increasing the force required to separate the two strands that compose the helix. In this study, dual-beam optical tweezers were used to determine the binding kinetics and dissociation constant of Mitoxantrone to single molecules of DNA at 20 pN of force. This study utilized …
Living Emission Abolish Filters (Leafs) For Methane Mitigation: Design And Operation, Richard Hamilton, Nicholas Griffith, Peter Salamon, Robert Handler, Marina G. Kalyuzhnaya
Living Emission Abolish Filters (Leafs) For Methane Mitigation: Design And Operation, Richard Hamilton, Nicholas Griffith, Peter Salamon, Robert Handler, Marina G. Kalyuzhnaya
Michigan Tech Publications, Part 2
As one of the most potent greenhouse gases, methane is a critical target for the near-term mitigation of global warming. Efficient, scalable, easy-to-implement, and robust mitigation technologies are urgently needed to assist in reaching methane abolishment. The goal of this research was to test the applicability of active, extremophilic methanotrophic cells as a baseline concept for engineered systems aiming at methane capturing. The system, named living emission abolish filters (LEAFs), represents an array of immobilized biomaterials capable of capturing methane directly from vent streams. The biomaterials were made using cells of Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum 20ZR, a robust halophilic methanotrophic bacterium with …
Dissecting Trypanosome Metabolism By Discovering Glycolytic Inhibitors, Drug Targets, And Glycosomal Ph Regulation, Daniel Hale Call
Dissecting Trypanosome Metabolism By Discovering Glycolytic Inhibitors, Drug Targets, And Glycosomal Ph Regulation, Daniel Hale Call
Theses and Dissertations
Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis, and its relatives Trypanosoma cruzi and several Leishmania species belong to a class of protozoa called kinetoplastids that cause a significant health burden in tropical and semitropical countries across the world. While an improved therapy was recently approved for African trypanosomiasis, the therapies available to treat infections caused by T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. remain relatively poor. Improving our understanding of T. brucei metabolism can inform on metabolism of its relatives. The purpose of the research presented in this dissertation was to develop novel tools and methods to study metabolism in T. …
Surmounting Challenges In Aggregating Results From Static Analysis Tools, Dr. Ann Marie Reinhold, Brittany Boles, A. Redempta Manzi Muneza, Thomas Mcelroy, Dr. Clemente Izurieta
Surmounting Challenges In Aggregating Results From Static Analysis Tools, Dr. Ann Marie Reinhold, Brittany Boles, A. Redempta Manzi Muneza, Thomas Mcelroy, Dr. Clemente Izurieta
Military Cyber Affairs
Aggregation poses a significant challenge for software practitioners because it requires a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of raw data from diverse sources. Suites of static-analysis tools (SATs) are commonly used to assess organizational security but simultaneously introduce significant challenges. Challenges include unique results, scales, configuration environments for each SAT execution, and incompatible formats between SAT outputs. Here, we document our experiences addressing these issues. We highlight the problem of relying on a single vendor's SAT version and offer a solution for aggregating findings across multiple SATs, aiming to enhance software security practices and deter threats early with robust defensive operations.
Generative Machine Learning For Cyber Security, James Halvorsen, Dr. Assefaw Gebremedhin
Generative Machine Learning For Cyber Security, James Halvorsen, Dr. Assefaw Gebremedhin
Military Cyber Affairs
Automated approaches to cyber security based on machine learning will be necessary to combat the next generation of cyber-attacks. Current machine learning tools, however, are difficult to develop and deploy due to issues such as data availability and high false positive rates. Generative models can help solve data-related issues by creating high quality synthetic data for training and testing. Furthermore, some generative architectures are multipurpose, and when used for tasks such as intrusion detection, can outperform existing classifier models. This paper demonstrates how the future of cyber security stands to benefit from continued research on generative models.
Toxic Chocolate: An Investigation Of Heavy Metal Concentrations In Chocolate Products, Meredith E. Hoff
Toxic Chocolate: An Investigation Of Heavy Metal Concentrations In Chocolate Products, Meredith E. Hoff
Student Scholarship
Many news organizations and scientific journals have recently reported high concentrations of lead and cadmium in chocolate products. The consumption of lead, cadmium, and other toxic metals can lead to numerous health impacts and impair development in children.1,2 Previous studies have specifically focused on the quantification of lead and cadmium in mainstream chocolate products, neglecting small businesses and the quantification of other heavy metals. This study addresses this disparity by analyzing the concentrations of lead, cadmium, barium, strontium, thallium, and mercury in lesser-known chocolate products from Castronovo Chocolate, Meridian Cacao Co., and Lidl. Two ICP-OES instruments and a direct mercury …
05-06--2024 Orsp Newsletter, Liz Williamson
05-06--2024 Orsp Newsletter, Liz Williamson
ORSP Newsletter
Library Faculty Win NIH Award, Uniform Guidance Updates,
The Impact Of Heterogeneous Voting Strategies And Candidate Issue Adaptation On Elections: An Agent-Based Model, Harmony Peura
The Impact Of Heterogeneous Voting Strategies And Candidate Issue Adaptation On Elections: An Agent-Based Model, Harmony Peura
Student Research Submissions
Political candidates in a democracy articulate positions on the issues of the day, but they are also highly aware of voter sentiment on those issues, and tailor their campaigns accordingly as they seek to win elections. Voters, too, adjust their political opinions based on (among other things) interactions with others in their social network. I present an agent-based simulation that models this dynamic interplay between candidates and voters, in order to shed light on what outcomes candidates can expect to result from a policy of “chasing” votes. The voters in the simulation differ from one another in the decision procedure …
The Ring-Closing Reaction Of Cyclopentadiene Probed With Ultrafast X‑Ray Scattering, Lisa Huang, Lauren Bertram, Lingyu Ma, Nathan Goff, Stuart W. Crane, Asami Odate, Thomas Northey, Andrés Moreno Carrascosa, Mats Simmermacher, Sri Bhavya Muvva, Joseph D. Geiser, Matthew J. Lueckheide, Zane Phelps, Mengning Liang, Xinxin Cheng, Ruaridh Forbes, Joseph S. Robinson, Matthew J. Hayes, Felix Allum, Alice E. Green, Kenneth Lopata, Artem Rudenko, Thomas J. A. Wolf, Martin Centurion, Daniel Rolles, Michael P. Minitti, Adam Kirrander, Peter M. Weber
The Ring-Closing Reaction Of Cyclopentadiene Probed With Ultrafast X‑Ray Scattering, Lisa Huang, Lauren Bertram, Lingyu Ma, Nathan Goff, Stuart W. Crane, Asami Odate, Thomas Northey, Andrés Moreno Carrascosa, Mats Simmermacher, Sri Bhavya Muvva, Joseph D. Geiser, Matthew J. Lueckheide, Zane Phelps, Mengning Liang, Xinxin Cheng, Ruaridh Forbes, Joseph S. Robinson, Matthew J. Hayes, Felix Allum, Alice E. Green, Kenneth Lopata, Artem Rudenko, Thomas J. A. Wolf, Martin Centurion, Daniel Rolles, Michael P. Minitti, Adam Kirrander, Peter M. Weber
Martin Centurion Publications
The dynamics of cyclopentadiene (CP) following optical excitation at 243 nm was investigated by time-resolved pump−probe X-ray scattering using 16.2 keV X-rays at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). We present the first ultrafast structural evidence that the reaction leads directly to the formation of bicyclo[2.1.0]pentene (BP), a strained molecule with three- and four-membered rings. The bicyclic compound decays via a thermal backreaction to the vibrationally hot CP with a time constant of 21 ± 3 ps. A minor channel leads to ring-opened structures on a subpicosecond time scale.
Artificial Intelligence And Music: Analysis Of Music Generation Techniques Via Deep Learning And The Implications Of Ai In The Music Industry, David Bryce
Honors Projects in Data Science
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is quickly gaining relevancy in creative fields, and its emergence into the music industry comes with many unique implications. This paper examines the technical processes of creating music with AI and machine learning, the relationship between music and emotion, and finally the implications and ethical considerations for AI generated music in creative industries. As part of this project, a generative deep learning model (Music Variational Autoencoder) is explored and applied to generate music using a pre-trained training set of piano rolls. The AI reconstructions are based on self-made 4 measure electronic instrumental tracks. 46 …
Effects Of Urbanization On Eutrophication Parameters In Three Tidal Creeks, Ella Swantek
Effects Of Urbanization On Eutrophication Parameters In Three Tidal Creeks, Ella Swantek
Honors Theses
Marshes and swashes are vital environments as a controlling barrier between land affected by various pollutants and the ocean. Eutrophication and the effects of this process can be detrimental for the areas experiencing it. I am interested in ways areas that have little contact with human interactions compare to areas that are heavily urbanized, and whether either of these locations is at a higher risk for eutrophication. Using spectrophotometry and fluorometry, I analyzed samples collected from the relatively undeveloped and restricted-access locations of Waities Island Beach and Dunn Sound monthly for dissolved nutrients, and chlorophyll. At the time of sampling, …
Nonlinear Rogue Wave Generation For All-Optical Switching In Optical Fibers And Photonic Integrated Circuits, Samuel Alexander Bechtold
Nonlinear Rogue Wave Generation For All-Optical Switching In Optical Fibers And Photonic Integrated Circuits, Samuel Alexander Bechtold
Honors Program Theses and Projects
For my thesis we discuss the history of optics, electronics and photonicsproviding a framework from which I investigate the viability of engineering a Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC) that takes advantage of the nonlinear optical process known as Rogue Wave Generation (RWG) for an all-optical switching mechanism that is capable of switching speeds in the Peta-Hertz (PHz) frequency regime. This topic is introduced through a discussion of how technological advances such as the transistor, laser and optical fiber made modern computing and telecommunications possible. This is followed by a theoretical explanation of the nonlinear optical phenomena known as supercontinuum generation (SCG) …
New Quantum Information Science Study At Bsu: A Theoretical Study And Research Towards Pic Generation Of Entangled Photons, Peyton Brown
New Quantum Information Science Study At Bsu: A Theoretical Study And Research Towards Pic Generation Of Entangled Photons, Peyton Brown
Honors Program Theses and Projects
The first part of this thesis explores the abstract quantum state vector space using Dirac formalism, providing a comprehensive analysis of quantum mechanics’ fundamental concepts. Emphasis is placed on the Dirac notation’s pivotal role in elucidating quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement. Through detailed examinations of quantum states, polarization, and the CHSH inequality, this study not only reinforces the theoretical foundations of quantum information science but also demonstrates its practical applications in quantum information and quantum computing. The discussion delves into the manipulation of qubits and quantum gates, showing the potential of quantum information theory in enhancing computational efficiencies …
The Rubidium Magneto-Optical Trap: Designing A Robust System For Measurement & Control, Thomas Melody
The Rubidium Magneto-Optical Trap: Designing A Robust System For Measurement & Control, Thomas Melody
Honors Program Theses and Projects
This thesis is a culmination of our efforts to construct a robust and flexible opto-mechanical system to fully deliver and control all of the parameters related to the required laser wavelength, polarization, power, beam size, and directionality for both the pump and the re-pump laser beams, delivered from two different lasers, necessary for neutral-atom laser trapping and cooling. This is an extension of the neutral Rubidium Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT) at BSU which afford a macroscopic scale collection of cold atoms where the effective governing laws of physics are quantum in nature rather than classical. My predecessors had done work on …
Techniques And Trials In Pteridophyte Conservation And Cultivation, Jessica Bartel
Techniques And Trials In Pteridophyte Conservation And Cultivation, Jessica Bartel
Senior Theses and Projects
With the progressive nature of climate change conditions globally over the past century, there has been increasing focus on conservation of all species, but particularly those already endangered. Over 12,000 species of ferns live on Earth, and they do not produce seeds, so an investigation into their spores and how they reach maturity will allow us to preserve more genetic material in the future for these species. As a result, we investigated ex situ conservation and survivability of in vitro cultured gametophytes of within the genus Dryopteridaceae through herbarium sample germination rates across samples representing a wide age range ( …
Static Reflective Surfaces For Improved Terahertz Coverage, Thanh Le, Suresh Singh
Static Reflective Surfaces For Improved Terahertz Coverage, Thanh Le, Suresh Singh
Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations
LoS (Line of Sight) MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is considered the best way to deliver high capacity channels for terahertz communications due to the severe attenuation suffered by reflected components. Unfortunately, terahertz links are easily blocked by any obstruction resulting in link breakage. Therefore, it is necessary to provide alternative paths via reflectors. A problem shared by LoS paths and reflected paths (via polished reflectors) is that the channel matrix is rank 1 in the far-field. As a result, the achieved capacity is lower than what can theoretically be achieved in a rich multi-path environment. In this work, we …
Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) 2024 Draft Final Insufficiently Reclaimed Areas Quality Assurance Project Plan (Qapp) (Dated March 8, 2024), Molly Roby
Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site
No abstract provided.
Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Final Unreclaimed Sites Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) Package #11: Ur-49 And Ur-50, Atlantic Richfield Company
Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Final Unreclaimed Sites Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) Package #11: Ur-49 And Ur-50, Atlantic Richfield Company
Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site
No abstract provided.
Data Analysis Project For Preferred Credit Inc., Emily Smith, Greta Nesbit, Jack Simonet, Ignacio Sanchez-Romero
Data Analysis Project For Preferred Credit Inc., Emily Smith, Greta Nesbit, Jack Simonet, Ignacio Sanchez-Romero
Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)
This project focuses on transforming real data within PCI's operations into valuable insights through an approach of coding, data cleaning, and visualization. By leveraging advanced techniques, the project aims to uncover key trends and create visually compelling representations to aid decision-making within the company. The outcome will allow PCI stakeholders the ability to extract valuable insights, optimize processes, and drive initiatives for growth and competitive advantage in the finance industry.
Investigating The Drought Sensitivity Of Intermontane-Basin Groundwater Systems In Western Montana Using Standardized Drought Indices, Daniel Buckley
Investigating The Drought Sensitivity Of Intermontane-Basin Groundwater Systems In Western Montana Using Standardized Drought Indices, Daniel Buckley
Graduate Theses & Non-Theses
Drought is a worldwide phenomenon, and many metrics have been developed to help monitor and understand drought. In this study, the drought sensitivity of two different western Montana intermontane-basin groundwater systems were analyzed: the Bitterroot Valley and the Gallatin Valley. Different standardized meteorological drought indices, namely, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), were compared against the Standardized Groundwater level Index (SGI) to better understand groundwater sensitivity to meteorological forcing. The SPI and SPEI were computed using precipitation and reference evapotranspiration data from the gridMET dataset. Groundwater level data from the Montana Bureau of Mines …