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2024

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Articles 3811 - 3840 of 8242

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Examination Of Chemical Variations In Fossil Resin With Two-Photon Excitation Fluorescence And Paleobotanical Inventory Reports On National Park Service Units, Katherine Mae Maxine Bober May 2024

Examination Of Chemical Variations In Fossil Resin With Two-Photon Excitation Fluorescence And Paleobotanical Inventory Reports On National Park Service Units, Katherine Mae Maxine Bober

Theses and Dissertations

Fossil resin can be difficult to chemically characterize due to its complex chemistry which can be complicated by a unique chemistry for each fossil resin sample. Using two-photon excitation fluorescence micro-spectroscopy, we measured the wavelengths at peak emission intensity: we compared these fluorescence results to FTIR spectra. There are variations in fluorescence which indicate differences in botanic origin. This method may be used in future research to better understand botanic origin when more traditional analyses fail.There has been a need for a comprehensive paleobotanical inventory report for NPS units. Four teams consisting of graduate students and mentors are completing the …

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Utilizing Arma Models For Non-Independent Replications Of Point Processes, Lucas M. Fellmeth May 2024

Utilizing Arma Models For Non-Independent Replications Of Point Processes, Lucas M. Fellmeth

Theses and Dissertations

The use of a functional principal component analysis (FPCA) approach for estimatingintensity functions from prior work allows us to obtain component scores of replicated point processes under the assumption of independent replications. We show these component scores can be modeled using classical autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models, thus allowing us to also apply the FPCA model to non-independent replications. The Divvy bike-sharing system in the city of Chicago is showcased as an application.

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Bayesian Change Point Detection In Segmented Multi-Group Autoregressive Moving-Average Data For The Study Of Covid-19 In Wisconsin, Russell Latterman May 2024

Bayesian Change Point Detection In Segmented Multi-Group Autoregressive Moving-Average Data For The Study Of Covid-19 In Wisconsin, Russell Latterman

Theses and Dissertations

Changepoint detection involves the discovery of abrupt fluctuations in population dynamics over time. We take a Bayesian approach to estimating points in time at which the parameters of an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) change, applying a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. We specifically assume that data may originate from one of two groups. We provide estimates of all multi-group parameters of a model of this form for both simulated and real-world data sets. We include a provision to resolve the problem of confounding ARMA parameter estimates and variance of segment data. We apply our model to identify points in time …

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Tpm^Ph Derivative Of Tungsten; Hydrogen-Bonding In 7-Coordinate Cation Complex, Olivia Ryon Simcox May 2024

Tpm^Ph Derivative Of Tungsten; Hydrogen-Bonding In 7-Coordinate Cation Complex, Olivia Ryon Simcox

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Tpm^Ph, or tris(3-phenylpyrazolyl)methane reacts with tungsten hexacarbonyl to form the ligand-metal complex tris(3-phenylpyrazolyl)methane tungsten tricarbonyl, or Tpm^PhW(CO)3. The further complexes of Tpm^PhW(CO)3 and Tpm^PhMo(CO)3 are not known. This project aims to explore how the addition of a phenyl substituent to the pyrazole ring on Tpm impacts the synthesis of [Tpm^PhW(CO)3I]+X– and [Tpm^PhW(CO)3H]+X–. The inclusion of this phenyl substituent may impact the possible hydrogen bonding of then hydrogen contained in the carbon-hydrogen bond. This work aims to explore the extent of hydrogen-bonding of the carbon-hydrogen bond of the Tpm^Ph ligand in cationic metal complexes.

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An Improved Bayesian Pick-The-Winner (Ibpw) Design For Randomized Phase Ii Clinical Trials, Wanni Lei, Maosen Peng, Xi K. Zhou May 2024

An Improved Bayesian Pick-The-Winner (Ibpw) Design For Randomized Phase Ii Clinical Trials, Wanni Lei, Maosen Peng, Xi K. Zhou

COBRA Preprint Series

Phase II clinical trials play a pivotal role in drug development by screening a large number of drug candidates to identify those with promising preliminary efficacy for phase III testing. Trial designs that enable efficient decision-making with small sample sizes and early futility stopping while controlling for type I and II errors in hypothesis testing, such as Simon’s two-stage design, are preferred. Randomized multi-arm trials are increasingly used in phase II settings to overcome the limitations associated with using historical controls as the reference. However, how to effectively balance efficiency and accurate decision-making continues to be an important research topic. …

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Simulating Ice Particle Properties Under Varying Electric Fields, Joseph Thomas Cooney May 2024

Simulating Ice Particle Properties Under Varying Electric Fields, Joseph Thomas Cooney

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

In this study, the interactions between atmospheric water molecules and an electrically charged dust particle were simulated in python to determine the role of electric charge and electric fields in atmospheric ice formation. Multiple levels of electric charge were tested, corresponding to different strengths of atmospheric electric fields. The TIP4P-2005 model for water was used to simulate these molecules under the influence of a central electric potential to represent the charged dust particle. These included a control group with no electric field (0 C), a group under a fair-weather strength of electric field (1.6*10-14 C), a foul-weather electric field (1.6*10-12 …

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Rice Biomass Response To Various Phosphorus Fertilizers In A Phosphorus-Deficient Soil Under Simulated Furrow-Irrigation, Jonathan B. Brye May 2024

Rice Biomass Response To Various Phosphorus Fertilizers In A Phosphorus-Deficient Soil Under Simulated Furrow-Irrigation, Jonathan B. Brye

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Wastewater-recovered phosphorus (P), in the form of the mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4⋅6H2O), may provide a sustainable alternative to rapidly decreasing rock phosphate reserves. Struvite can be generated via chemical and/or electrochemical precipitation methods, potentially reducing the amount of P runoff to aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this greenhouse tub study was to evaluate the effects of chemically- and electrochemically precipitated struvite (CPST and ECST, respectively) on above- and belowground plant response in a hybrid rice cultivar (Gemini 214, RiceTec) grown using furrow-irrigation compared to other common fertilizer-P sources [i.e., triple super phosphate (TSP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP)] in a P-deficient silt …

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Cultural Immersion In Gaming: Ethiopian Influences In Horizon Forbidden West, Henoch Tilahun May 2024

Cultural Immersion In Gaming: Ethiopian Influences In Horizon Forbidden West, Henoch Tilahun

ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies

This paper examines the immersive incorporation of Ethiopian culture in the video game "Horizon Forbidden West," focusing on visual, narrative, and thematic themes. It explains how the game represents Ethiopian legacy and custom by examining architectural design, landscape portrayal, mythological integration, and character representation. The paper uses different academic works and gaming articles and emphasizes the game's ability to inspire empathy, curiosity, and enthusiasm for cultural diversity, as well as cross-cultural appreciation and understanding. It also investigates the importance of ethical and responsible game production approaches in ensuring accurate cultural portrayal. Finally, this paper examines the transformative power of cultural …

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Scientific Frontiers In Game Studies, Prthvi Kapilavai May 2024

Scientific Frontiers In Game Studies, Prthvi Kapilavai

ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies

Video game studies as a dynamic field has benefited from this synthesis of the scientific method and critical theories that, together, enrich our understanding of video games as both technological artifacts and cultural products.(Girina and Jung, 2019). More than a mere shadow-boxing between disciplinary echo chambers, this kind of integration enriches our understanding of video game form and experience while projecting a more informed path forward into game design and game scholarship. It demonstrates how findings from psychology and cognitive science describe or explain video games’ enticement or their potential for learning, and how theories of media from the humanities …

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Atmospheric Deposition Trends Are Primarily Decreasing In Arkansas And Tennessee, Anna Mccarty May 2024

Atmospheric Deposition Trends Are Primarily Decreasing In Arkansas And Tennessee, Anna Mccarty

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Atmospheric deposition has likely changed with the influence of increasing global temperatures and subsequent changes in precipitation across the United States and globally. The objective of this project was to analyze atmospheric deposition across northern Arkansas and Tennessee. The three specific objectives were to: i) evaluate trends in atmospheric deposition of various element/compounds, ii) assess the relationship between atmospheric deposition and rainfall, and iii) evaluate if rainfall-adjusted atmospheric deposition is changing over time. Six sites were analyzed from 1980 to 2022, including AR16, AR27, TN00, TN04, TN11, and TN14, which span over northern Arkansas and across Tennessee. The Mann-Kendall Test …

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How To Make A Neural Network Learn From A Small Number Of Examples -- And Learn Fast: An Idea, Chitta Baral, Vladik Kreinovich May 2024

How To Make A Neural Network Learn From A Small Number Of Examples -- And Learn Fast: An Idea, Chitta Baral, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Current deep learning techniques have led to spectacular results, but they still have limitations. One of them is that, in contrast to humans who can learn from a few examples and learn fast, modern deep learning techniques require a large amount of data to learn, and they take a long time to train. In this paper, we show that neural networks do have a potential to learn from a small number of examples -- and learn fast. We speculate that the corresponding idea may already be implicitly implemented in Large Language Models -- which may partially explain their (somewhat mysterious) …

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How Can We Explain Empirical Formulas For Shrinkage Cracking Of Cement-Stabilized Pavement Layers, Edgar Daniel Rodriguez Velasquez, Vladik Kreinovich May 2024

How Can We Explain Empirical Formulas For Shrinkage Cracking Of Cement-Stabilized Pavement Layers, Edgar Daniel Rodriguez Velasquez, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In pavement construction, one of the frequent defects is shrinkage cracking of the cement-stabilized pavement layer. To minimize this defect, it is important to be able to predict how this cracking depends on the quantities describing the pavement layer and the corresponding environment. Cracking is usually described by two parameters: the average width of the crack and the crack spacing. Empirical analysis shows that the dependence of the width on all related quantities is described by a power law. Power laws are ubiquitous in physics, they describe a frequent case when the dependence is scale-invariant -- i.e., does not change …

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Topics In The Study Of The Pragmatic Functions Of Phonetic Reduction In Dialog, Nigel G. Ward, Carlos A. Ortega May 2024

Topics In The Study Of The Pragmatic Functions Of Phonetic Reduction In Dialog, Nigel G. Ward, Carlos A. Ortega

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Reduced articulatory precision is common in speech, but for dialog its acoustic properties and pragmatic functions have been little studied. We here try to remedy this gap. This technical report contains content that was omitted from the journal article (Ward et. al, submitted). Specifically, we here report 1) lessons learned about annotating for perceived reduction, 2) the finding that, unlike in read speech, the correlates of reduction in dialog include high pitch, wide pitch range, and intensity, and 3) a baseline model for predicting reduction in dialog, using simple acoustic/prosodic features, that achieves correlations with human perceptions of 0.24 for …

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Super Mario Evolution By The Augmentation Of Topology, Russell A. Autin May 2024

Super Mario Evolution By The Augmentation Of Topology, Russell A. Autin

University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

This paper describes the creation and development of an implementation of the NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) architecture to train an agent to play Super Mario Brothers. Building off of a basic implementation of NEAT, this thesis project shows the process of refining the fitness calculation that ranks the networks in the population and also defines the creation and application of a dataset to train the agent. The use of a dataset to train an agent is a novel idea in the world of reinforcement learning because, generally, reinforcement learning trains an agent to complete a singular task like the …

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Electrocatalytic Degradation Of Bisphenol A Using Nickel Sulfide Supported On Graphene Oxide And Cobalt Sulfide Supported On Graphene Oxide Composite Materials, Katherine Ellynn Wright May 2024

Electrocatalytic Degradation Of Bisphenol A Using Nickel Sulfide Supported On Graphene Oxide And Cobalt Sulfide Supported On Graphene Oxide Composite Materials, Katherine Ellynn Wright

Theses and Dissertations

The degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) by nickel sulfide supported on graphene oxide (NiS/GO) and cobalt sulfide supported on graphene oxide (CoS/GO) composite materials was investigated. The catalysts were studied to determine the optimal conditions for BPA degradation using electrocatalysis. Electrocatalytic trials were performed using varying parameters, which included electrolyte concentrations of 1.0 g/L, 2.0 g/L, and 4.0 g/L Na2SO4, pHs of 2, 4, and 6, and constant currents of either 0.100 A or 0.200 A. During the reaction samples were taken before the current was applied and 30 minutes and 60 minute intervals to observe the degradation of …

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Care-Teach: Proposing An Open-Source Approach To Personalized Learning, Jaime Augusto Alvarez Perez May 2024

Care-Teach: Proposing An Open-Source Approach To Personalized Learning, Jaime Augusto Alvarez Perez

Theses and Dissertations

Care-Teach is an algorithmic educational model that provides teachers and educators with the tools to create interactive, text-based lessons that address a student’s need for continuity and reinforcement. Care-Teach is built around two core components: a Student Behavior Profile and the Skill Tree. These models work together to give each student a personalized learning experience that reinforces their pre-existing strengths and inclinations. The Student Behavior Profile model keeps track of a learner’s inclinations and mood, utilizing metrics such as average response time and accuracy to categorize opportunities for educator involvement. The Skill Tree is an organizational …

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Conditional Constrained And Unconstrained Quantization For A Uniform Distribution On A Hexagon, Christina Hamilton May 2024

Conditional Constrained And Unconstrained Quantization For A Uniform Distribution On A Hexagon, Christina Hamilton

Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, we have considered a uniform distribution on a regular hexagon and the set of all its six vertices as a conditional set. For the uniform distribution under the conditional set first, for all positive integers n ≥ 6, we obtain the conditional optimal sets of n-points and the nth conditional quantization errors, and then we calculate the conditional quantization dimension and the conditional quantization coefficient in the unconstrained scenario. Then, for the uniform distribution on the hexagon taking the same conditional set, we investigate the conditional constrained optimal sets of n-points and the conditional constrained quantization errors …

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A Multivariate Analysis Of The Gravitational Wave Signal Landscape From Core Collapse Supernovae, Raul Alberto Espinosa Perez May 2024

A Multivariate Analysis Of The Gravitational Wave Signal Landscape From Core Collapse Supernovae, Raul Alberto Espinosa Perez

Theses and Dissertations

Core collapse supernovae (CCSN) are highly anticipated sources of gravitational waves (GW) during the on-going fourth observation run (O4) of GW detectors like LIGO and the future observation runs. The GW signal from the CCSN cannot be modeled mathematically. Several groups around the world have engaged in simulation of the predicted GW signals from CCSN sources. These simulations are carried out in supercomputers, and they incorporate general relativity, hydrodynamics, neutrino physics, mass and angular momentum of the stellar progenitor and nuclear equations of state (EoS). The output consists of simulated signals with varying duration, peak frequency, GW energy and time-frequency …

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Bayesian Estimation Of Reproduction Numbers From Distributions Of Outbreaks Sizes: Branching Process Approach, Alberta Araba Johnson May 2024

Bayesian Estimation Of Reproduction Numbers From Distributions Of Outbreaks Sizes: Branching Process Approach, Alberta Araba Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

The Generalized Poisson distribution is useful in modeling epidemiological processes as a branching stochastic processes problem. Our goal is to construct accurate and reliable estimators for the reproduction number (R0) (i.e., the number of secondary infections), particularly in the context of disease outbreaks modeled by a Galton-Watson process. Towards this goal, we construct the classical Bayes estimator, the Maximum Likelihood estimator, and the Empirical Bayes (EB) estimator under the Square Error Loss function in Chapter II. We prove that the Empirical Bayes estimator is asymptotically optimal and estimate the rate of convergence. We then proceed to monotonize the Empirical Bayes …

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Mitigation Methods For Instrumental Artifacts In Gravitational Wave Data, Raghav Girgaonkar May 2024

Mitigation Methods For Instrumental Artifacts In Gravitational Wave Data, Raghav Girgaonkar

Theses and Dissertations

Strain data from ground-based gravitational wave detectors are regularly affected by instrumental artifacts known as glitches. Such glitches form the background of false alarms in the detection of gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences, in-turn reducing search sensitivity. If left unaccounted, these glitches along with other non-stationarity may also contribute towards a corrupted representation of the statistical properties of detector noise, subsequently affecting parameter estimation for detected gravitational wave candidates. Therefore, effective data analysis methods to veto glitches and identify non-stationarities in detector data are crucial to enhancing the sensitivity of a gravitational wave search. In this thesis, we …

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Conditional Quantization For Uniform Distributions On Line Segments And Regular Polygons, Tsianna Danielle Dominguez May 2024

Conditional Quantization For Uniform Distributions On Line Segments And Regular Polygons, Tsianna Danielle Dominguez

Theses and Dissertations

Quantization for a Borel probability measure refers to the idea of estimating a given probability by a discrete probability with support containing a finite number of elements. If in the quantization some of the elements in the support are preselected, then the quantization is called a conditional quantization. In this thesis, we have investigated the conditional quantization for the uniform distributions defined on the unit line segments and m-sided regular polygons, where m ≥ 3, inscribed in a unit circle.

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Variational Bias Sampling For Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems, Prisca Stephens May 2024

Variational Bias Sampling For Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems, Prisca Stephens

Theses and Dissertations

Advancements in digitalization has yielded enormous growth of data on online platforms, overwhelming users with multitude of options to choose from. Recommender systems narrow down these options to a few relevant ones thereby facilitating the decision-making processes for users. This study presents a framework for integrating variational bias sampling into model-based collaborative filtering techniques for recommender systems. Variational bias sampling is a novel and unique way to account for random factors that affect explicit ratings in collaborative filtering recommender systems. A Gaussian distribution is used to model all the possible random factors that could affect ratings. Sampling user and item …

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A Study Of Quantitative Reasoning Instructors’ Choices And Motivations When Teaching Quantitative Reasoning For The First Time, Trish Ann Harding May 2024

A Study Of Quantitative Reasoning Instructors’ Choices And Motivations When Teaching Quantitative Reasoning For The First Time, Trish Ann Harding

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative study delves into the instructional decision-making processes of post-secondary instructors teaching quantitative reasoning (QR) courses for the first time. The study aims to address the gap in understanding how first-time QR instructors navigate the complexities of curriculum design and pedagogical strategies, and how these experiences contribute to their professional development. The research questions center on identifying the instructional decisions made by these instructors, exploring the factors influencing their decision-making, and understanding the impact of exercising agency has on their professional development. Through in-depth exploration, this study seeks to shed light on the challenges and opportunities faced by first-time …

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How Mathematics Instructors Foster The Development Of Black Students' Mathematics Identity In Undergraduate Active Learning Mathematics Courses, Ashly J. Olusanya May 2024

How Mathematics Instructors Foster The Development Of Black Students' Mathematics Identity In Undergraduate Active Learning Mathematics Courses, Ashly J. Olusanya

Theses and Dissertations

Black students must overcome unique challenges to succeed in mathematics. Educators are tasked with identifying equitable teaching practices to support these students. Active learning (AL) is a teaching pedagogy that engages students in rigorous mathematical activities and encourages student participation. This research study will explore the professors’ beliefs about how students learn mathematics and why they use active learning in their collegiate mathematics courses. The study explores the connections between these beliefs and their reported use of instructional practices. The study also identifies the instructors’ beliefs about developing students’ mathematics identities, particularly their Black …

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A Study On A Vector Complex Modified Korteweg-De Vries Equation, Changyan Shi May 2024

A Study On A Vector Complex Modified Korteweg-De Vries Equation, Changyan Shi

Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, we systematically study a vector complex modified Kordeweg-de Vries equation by combining Hirota's bilinear method and the the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) reduction method. This vector nonlinear equation is a multi-component generalization of the well-known modified Kordeweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation and can be reduced to the known Hirota equation, Sasa-Satsuma (SS) equation, Sasa-Satsuma-mKdV equation as well as coupled Sasa-Satsuma equation. First, we bilinearize the vector complex mKdV equation under both the zero and nonzero boundary conditions by introducing auxiliary tau functions. Then, starting from two sets of bilinear equations of multi-component KP hierarchy and single-component KP-Toda …

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Soil Carbon Sequestration Efforts In Arid And Semi-Arid Climates Under Conservation Agriculture And Reforestation, Samantha Lynn Colunga May 2024

Soil Carbon Sequestration Efforts In Arid And Semi-Arid Climates Under Conservation Agriculture And Reforestation, Samantha Lynn Colunga

Theses and Dissertations

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a vital role in the global carbon cycle and aids in climate change mitigation. However, deforestation and intensive agricultural practices threaten topsoil and carbon (C) pools through soil disturbances releasing vast amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) by enhancing the decomposition of organic materials. Degraded soils typically lack stable aggregates, nutrient and water retention, and overall low fertility. In arid and semi-arid regions, soils are in an even more dire situation, as low precipitation and high temperatures slow down the accumulation of SOC. This thesis has two objectives: 1) to evaluate whether conservation tillage practices increase …

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Exploring Binding Pockets In The Conformational States Of The Sars-Cov-2 Spike Trimers For The Screening Of Allosteric Inhibitors Using Molecular Simulations And Ensemble-Based Ligand Docking, Grace Gupta, Gennady M. Verkhivker May 2024

Exploring Binding Pockets In The Conformational States Of The Sars-Cov-2 Spike Trimers For The Screening Of Allosteric Inhibitors Using Molecular Simulations And Ensemble-Based Ligand Docking, Grace Gupta, Gennady M. Verkhivker

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Understanding mechanisms of allosteric regulation remains elusive for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, despite the increasing interest and effort in discovering allosteric inhibitors of the viral activity and interactions with the host receptor ACE2. The challenges of discovering allosteric modulators of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins are associated with the diversity of cryptic allosteric sites and complex molecular mechanisms that can be employed by allosteric ligands, including the alteration of the conformational equilibrium of spike protein and preferential stabilization of specific functional states. In the current study, we combine conformational dynamics analysis of distinct forms of the full-length spike protein trimers and …

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Generalizations Of The Hardy Spaces And The Schwarz Boundary Value Problem, William L. Blair May 2024

Generalizations Of The Hardy Spaces And The Schwarz Boundary Value Problem, William L. Blair

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

We prove that many of the boundary properties associated with functions in the classic holomorphic Hardy spaces on the complex unit disk are present in Hardy classes of solutions to certain nonhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann equations and higher-order generalizations of these equations. Also, we explicitly solve generalizations of the Schwarz boundary value problem on the complex unit disk and the upper-half plane when the boundary condition is in terms of boundary values in the sense of distributions.

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Automatic Appraisals Of Houses, Robert Sloan Scroggin May 2024

Automatic Appraisals Of Houses, Robert Sloan Scroggin

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Multiple hedonic models and an automatic appraiser model were used to create a residential house’s estimated sales price. The goal is to use the limited data available to a REALTOR® to estimate the future sales price of a residential home without the aid of pictures of the property or viewing the physical property. The first model automates some of the actions of an appraiser by finding comparable sales based on proximity, based both on distance between houses and characteristics of the houses, and then calculating a weighted average price for an estimated sales price of future sales. If the model …

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Green At Eye Level: From Measurement Approaches To Simulated Models And Inequality Assessments In U.S. Major Cities, Jingjing Yan May 2024

Green At Eye Level: From Measurement Approaches To Simulated Models And Inequality Assessments In U.S. Major Cities, Jingjing Yan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation delves into the multifaceted dynamics of urban greenness, addressing critical aspects of sustainable urban development. Providing urban green spaces has been widely acknowledged to offer numerous benefits to individuals and communities. Recently, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of evaluating urban greenness from a human-centered perspective, partly due to the rapid development of eye-level greenness measurement. First, to provide a comprehensive overview of measurement approaches and topics related to eye-level urban greenness, a systematic review of 77 papers was conducted in this research. This review revealed that street view images are the primarily utilized data …

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