Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Semantic Segmentation Of Point Cloud Sequences Using Point Transformer V3, Marion Sisk

Master's Theses

Semantic segmentation of point clouds is a basic step for many autonomous systems including automobiles. In autonomous driving systems, LiDAR sensors are frequently used to produce point cloud sequences that allow the system to perceive the environment and navigate safely. Modern machine learning techniques for segmentation have predominately focused on single-scan segmentation, however sequence segmentation has often proven to perform better on common segmentation metrics. Using the popular Semantic KITTI dataset, we show that by providing point cloud sequences to a segmentation pipeline based on Point Transformer v3, we increase the segmentation performance between seven and fifteen percent when compared …

Machine Learning-Based Gps Jamming And Spoofing Detection, Alberto Squatrito

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

The increasing reliance on Global Positioning System (GPS) technology across various sectors has exposed vulnerabilities to malicious attacks, particularly GPS jamming and spoofing. This thesis presents an analysis into detection and mitigation strategies for enhancing the resilience of GPS receivers against jamming and spoofing attacks. The research entails the development of a simulated GPS signal and a receiver model to accurately decode and extract information from simulated GPS signals. The study implements the generation of jammed and spoofed signals to emulate potential threats faced by GPS receivers in practical settings. The core innovation lies in the integration of machine learning …

Table Of Contents, The Editors

Coal Geology & Exploration

No abstract provided.

Sulphate Contamination In An Abandoned Coal Mine In Light Of Mining Effects, Qi Yueming, Zhou Pei, Zhou Lai, Jiang Dan, Yang Yuqing, Liu Yanzhuo

Coal Geology & Exploration

Abandoned high-sulfur coal mines will become deeply buried acid-producing contamination sites, posing hazards to adjacent aquifers and surrounding environments. Furthermore, mining effects and the complex spatial distribution of abandoned mines complicate the assessment of the contamination processes and degrees in adjacent aquifers. Focusing on a certain abandoned coal mine, this study examined the migration characteristics of SO₄ ²⁻ pollution in acid mine drainage using numerical simulations by taking sulfate (SO₄ ²⁻) as the characteristic contaminant and considering the effects of the fractures formed by the mining of multiple coal seams on the aquifer structure. Furthermore, it analyzed …

Berkely Pit Repository Cost Comparison, Josh Bryson

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Trip - Transformer Interatomic Potential Predicts Realistic Energy Surface Using Physical Bias, Bryce Eric Hedelius

Theses and Dissertations

Accurate interatomic energies and forces enable high-quality molecular dynamics simulations, torsion scans, potential energy surface mapping, and geometry optimization. Machine learning algorithms have enabled rapid estimates of energies and forces with high accuracy. Further development of machine learning algorithms holds promise for producing general potentials that support dozens of atomic species. I present my own Transformer Interatomic Potential (TrIP): a chemically sound potential based on the SE(3)-Transformer. TrIP's species-agnostic architecture--using continuous atomic representation and homogenous graph convolutions--encourages parameter sharing between atomic species for more general representations of chemical environments, keeps a reasonable number of parameters, serves as a form of …

Modeling And Synthesis Of 3-(2,6-Disubstituted 5-Pyrimidyl) Propionic Acids As Inhibitors Of Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (Lmw-Ptp), Kennedy Bueno, Madisen Carter

Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)

Low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) is an enzyme and a known signal pathway for growth factors and cellular transformation in eukaryotic cells. Our research aims to synthesize 12 new potential inhibitors of LMW-PTP and analyze their inhibitory activity and binding affinity. The inhibition of both isoforms of LMW-PTP has been the primary focus of research due to their potential role in breast, colon, and other cancers as well as type II diabetes. One known inhibitor, pyridoxal 5’- phosphate (PLP), is essential for various enzymatic reactions within the body, such as the synthesis of neurotransmitters, and is therefore impractical …

Thermal Performance Investigation Of Thermoelectric Cooling System With Various Hot-Side Cooling Methods, Bowo Y. Prasetyo, Parisya P. Rosulindo, Fujen Wang

Makara Journal of Technology

Thermoelectric devices have been widely used in various applications, including cooling and power generation. The potential application of thermoelectric cooling systems has been studied. However, these systems still face challenges in achieving optimal performance compared with other cooling systems. Several factors, including the hot-side cooling method, influence the performance of thermoelectric systems. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different hot-side cooling methods on the thermoelectric performance and thermal behavior of thermoelectric cooling systems. The testing methods involved the combination of the thermoelectric module with five hot-side heat exchangers, including a square heatsink, a round heatsink, a two-pipe heat …

Lmcrot: An Enhanced Protein Crotonylation Site Predictor By Leveraging An Interpretable Window-Level Embedding From A Transformer-Based Protein Language Model, Pawel Pratyush, Soufia Bahmani, Suresh Pokharel, Hamid D. Ismail, Dukka Bahadur

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 2

MOTIVATION: Recent advancements in natural language processing have highlighted the effectiveness of global contextualized representations from Protein Language Models (pLMs) in numerous downstream tasks. Nonetheless, strategies to encode the site-of-interest leveraging pLMs for per-residue prediction tasks, such as crotonylation (Kcr) prediction, remain largely uncharted. RESULTS: Herein, we adopt a range of approaches for utilizing pLMs by experimenting with different input sequence types (full-length protein sequence versus window sequence), assessing the implications of utilizing per-residue embedding of the site-of-interest as well as embeddings of window residues centered around it. Building upon these insights, we developed a novel residual ConvBiLSTM network designed …

Why Your Clothes Could Be Killing You: The Detection Of Bpa In Clothing Using Fluorescence Spectrophotometry, Bella Bevel

Scholars Day Conference

Bisphenol-A, better known as BPA, is a carcinogenic compound found in many plastic-containing products due to its ability to add rigidity and strength to the plastic. However, BPA has been found in a wide variety of products not traditionally thought of as “plastic” including feminine hygiene products, printer receipts, and even clothing. Clothing containing a polyester/spandex blend, common in athletic wear, contains BPA, whereas traditional cotton clothing does not. Using flourospectroscopy, the presence of BPA in these types of clothing was confirmed, as well as measured over time. Strips of clothing containing polyester and spandex blends were submerged in a …

Climate Change: Is It An Existential Crisis?, Whit Lawrence, Emily Payne

Scholars Day Conference

With the help of Dr. Knight, we did a literature review of four different books on climate change. These books covered different aspects of the controversial topic. After reading, we made our own conclusions on whether or not climate change was the existential crisis many say it is.

The Mental Health And Developmental Effects Of Bisphenol-A, Maryann Rettig

Scholars Day Conference

My directed study focuses on the mental health and developmental effects of bisphenol-A (BPA) on individuals in close contact with the chemical product. BPA is an organic chemical produced in large quantities that is used in the production of many polycarbonate plastics, feminine hygiene products, and epoxy resins that coat some metal food cans. Because of it being everywhere, BPA often leaches dermally and orally into the human body. The physical effects of BPA have been known and observed for years. However, its mental health effects specifically are not as commonly known. Therefore, in my directed study I would be …

Tree Canopy Cover Influences Habitat Use Of Breeding Birds At Jack Mountain Wildlife Management Area, Kaleigh Thomas

Scholars Day Conference

Across the United States, bird populations have declined due to habitat loss. To better understand habitat use by birds, researchers observed populations at Jack Mountain Wildlife Management Area in southwest Arkansas. Students at Ouachita Baptist University surveyed 94 point count locations to estimate species diversity (total number of species observed) and species abundance (total number of individuals observed). At each point, students recorded the percentage of tree canopy cover, ground cover, midstory cover, and shrub cover. These variables were used as explanatory variables in multiple regression analyses to determine which variables were influential in explaining variation in species diversity and …

The Mathematical And Historical Significance Of The Four-Color Theorem, Brock Bivens

Scholars Day Conference

Computers becoming more readily used in mathematics.

Amending The Native American Graves Protection And Repatriation Act: Human Rights, Sovereignty, And Cultural Sustainability, Maddie Mulcahey

Sustainability Research & Practice Seminar Presentations

Madeline Mulcahey, Anthropology '24 presents "Amending the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act: Human Rights, Sovereignty, and Cultural Sustainability"

An Analysis Of Pollution In Liverpool, Uk, Luke W. Lawson

Honors Theses

Within this experiment the different levels of pollution in areas around Liverpool were tested. These areas were Stanley Park, Lunt Meadows, and Woolton Road. At Stanley Park one of two transects had a geochemical analysis as well as magnetic measurements run to investigate source attribution within the urban environment resulting in data showing high variability in soil properties among the transect. With data supporting evidence of diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic properties in soil along the same transect. At Lunt Meadows, through the use of XRF for soil samples and nitrate and phosphate testing for water samples, it was found that …

Virtual Reality As An Adjunct To Behavior Therapy: A Systematic Literature Review, Alya Alharrasi

Honors Theses

The World Health Organization (WHO) projects that by 2030, mental disorders will become the primary source of global disease burden [1]. Anxiety-related disorders, including specific phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and various forms of general or specific anxiety, are the most rapidly growing mental health disorders worldwide [2]. In the United States (US), over 1 in 10 American youths are experiencing depression, resulting in a severe impact on their personal, academic, or professional encounters and social engagements [3]. Similarly, anxiety disorders affect up to one-third of the US population during their lifetime [4].

Due to the growth of mental health …

Vt-Nmr Analysis Of Rotation-Inversion Of N-(4-Hydroxybutyl)-N-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl) Tert-Butyl Carbamate: Utilizing The −Ch2cf3 Appendage As A Reporter On E/Z-Isomerization, Brian Jameson, Rainer Glaser

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The rotational barrier about the CN carbamate bond of N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) tert-butyl carbamate 1 was determined by variable temperature (VT) 13C and 19F NMR spectroscopy. The −CH2CF3 appendage reports on rotational isomerism and allows for the observation of separate signals for the E- and Z-ensembles at low temperature. The activation barrier for E/Z-isomerization was quantified using Eyring-Polanyi theory which requires the measurements of the maximum difference in Larmor frequency Δνmax and the convergence temperature Tc. Both Δνmax and Tc were interpolated by analyzing sigmoidal functions fitted to data describing signal separation and the quality of the superposition of the E- and …

Hello, World., Elliot Cetinski, Evan Chartock, Olivia Cross, Kiran Drew, Kaya Eller, Ben Little, Joey Nolan, Spencer Toth, Sophie Wahl-Taylor, Sadie Walker, Destiny Young, Annie Zulick

Theater and Dance Presentations

This project works to theatrically represent the current state of Artificial Intelligence (AI), as well as its benefits and drawbacks, in the style of the Living Newspaper. Originating from a Great Depression-era job program, the Living Newspaper sought to take headlines and present them onstage for a poignant and contemporary social critique. This work does the same, melding different angles of the AI debate into a single production that emphasizes the rapidly progressing state of modern AI technology and the need for humans to consider the impacts such technologies will have. Furthermore, it asks the audience to question their position …

A 2-D Numerical Model For Evaluating Daylight Penetration In Short Tunnels For Enhanced Driver Safety, Joachim James

Master's Theses

It is commonly assumed that daylight will adequately penetrate short tunnels, leading to the misconception that artificial lighting is unnecessary during the daytime. Past studies revealed higher frequency of crashes in short tunnels and despite that there is lack of national guidelines warranting artificial lighting for short tunnels. Inadequately lit tunnels pose safety risks, while excessive lighting can be costly. Hence, it becomes crucial to investigate the extent of daylight penetration in short tunnels and identify disappearance zones within these tunnels. This research can help determine the necessity of artificial lighting, and which specific areas of the tunnel require lighting. …

Are Students Actually Learning What You Think They Are? An Exploration Into The Educational Outcomes Of Course Based Undergraduate Research Labs, Matilda Dumaine, Jacob Saadoun

Biology Presentations

It is important to understand whether students are acquiring intended educational objectives. A course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) lab seeks to blend the logistical ease and accessibility of college courses with the educational benefits of research experiences. By employing inquiry-based teaching methods, CURE labs enable students to collaborate in a group setting under the guidance of a faculty member, engaging in hands-on research. This project studies how educational outcomes of CURE labs can be measured. CURE labs may improve anything from technical lab skills, to scientific literacy, to persistence in science. These short-, middle-, and long-term goals may be measured …

Scholars Day 2024 Program Of Events, Carl Goodson Honors Program

Scholars Day

This is the program of events for the 2023 Scholars Day Conference, where undergraduates across disciplines present their scholarly and creative works.

Microplastic Quantification On The Effect Of Endoparasite Communities In Florida Seabirds, Sarah N. Prieto

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Microplastics are being studied in a variety of different projects to better understand their impact and threat to wildlife species. Although there is an understanding that microplastics are affecting our wildlife, there are still questions about how coastal seabirds come to ingest them and how the ingestion is altering critical biological processes, such as that for endoparasite communities. This project aims to determine a better understanding of two main objectives: assessment of the presence of secondary ingestion of microplastics in coastal seabirds due to the fish species they prey on and relationship between microplastics and endoparasite communities' structure and state …

Chemical And Physiological Interactions Between E-Liquid Constituents: Cause For Concern?, Robert M. Strongin, Eva Sharma, Hanno C. Erythropel, Nada O F Kassem, Alexandra Noël, D H. Peyton, Irfan Rahman

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Studies of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) toxicity have largely focused on individual components such as flavour additives, base e-liquid ingredients (propylene glycol, glycerol), device characteristics (eg, model, components, wattage), use behaviour, etc. However, vaping involves inhalation of chemical mixtures and interactions between compounds can occur that can lead to different toxicities than toxicity of the individual components. Methods based on the additive toxicity of individual chemical components to estimate the health risks of complex mixtures can result in the overestimation or underestimation of exposure risks, since interactions between components are under-investigated. In the case of ENDS, the potential of …

Combining Empirical And Physics-Based Models For Solar Wind Prediction, Rob Johnson, Soukaina Filali Boubrahimi, Omar Bahri, Shah Muhammad Hamdi

Computer Science Faculty and Staff Publications

Solar wind modeling is classified into two main types: empirical models and physics-based models, each designed to forecast solar wind properties in various regions of the heliosphere. Empirical models, which are cost-effective, have demonstrated significant accuracy in predicting solar wind at the L1 Lagrange point. On the other hand, physics-based models rely on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) principles and demand more computational resources. In this research paper, we build upon our recent novel approach that merges empirical and physics-based models. Our recent proposal involves the creation of a new physics-informed neural network that leverages time series data from solar wind predictors to …

Models Of Low Mass Stars As Physical Labratories, Emily M. Boudreaux

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Low mass stars account for approximately 70 percent of the stellar populations (Conroy & Van Dokkum, 2012); yet, due to their small sizes and cool temperatures they account for only a small fraction of the galaxies luminosity function (Laughlin et al., 1997). Moreover, due to the lack of laboratory conditions available to astronomy and astrophysics low mass stars can provide a rare controlled environment for calibrations of numerical models. Consequently, across multiple domains there has been significant interest in these key astronomical objects. In this thesis I present three projects which have further revealed properties of low mass stars and …

Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Unreclaimed (Ur) Sites Final Ur Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) Submittal #4 – Request For Change (Rfc) -Ur Fsp #4-001., Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Towards A Practical Method For Monitoring Kinetic Processes In Polymers With Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy, Robert Vito Chimenti

Theses and Dissertations

Unlike liquids and crystalline solids, glassy materials exist in a constant state of structural nonequilibrium. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of material kinetics is critical for understanding the structure-property-processing relationships of polymeric materials. Amorphous materials universally display low-frequency Raman features related to the phonon density of states resulting in a broad disorder band for Raman shifts below 100 cm-1, which is related to the conformational entropy and the modulus. This disorder band is dominated by the Boson peak, a feature due to phonon scattering because of disorder and can be related to the transverse sound velocity of the material, and a …

Predicting Ffar4 Agonists Using Structure-Based Machine Learning Approach Based On Molecular Fingerprints, Zaid Anis Sherwani, Syeda Sumayya Tariq, Mamona Mushtaq, Ali Raza Siddiqui, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Aftab Ahmed, Zaheer Ul-Haq

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (FFAR4), a G-protein-coupled receptor, is responsible for triggering intracellular signaling pathways that regulate various physiological processes. FFAR4 agonists are associated with enhancing insulin release and mitigating the atherogenic, obesogenic, pro-carcinogenic, and pro-diabetogenic effects, normally associated with the free fatty acids bound to FFAR4. In this research, molecular structure-based machine-learning techniques were employed to evaluate compounds as potential agonists for FFAR4. Molecular structures were encoded into bit arrays, serving as molecular fingerprints, which were subsequently analyzed using the Bayesian network algorithm to identify patterns for screening the data. The shortlisted hits obtained via machine learning protocols …

Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Unreclaimed (Ur) Sites Final Ur Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) Submittal #4 – Request For Change (Rfc) -Ur Fsp #4-001., Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.