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2024

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Articles 5371 - 5400 of 7944

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Stability Verification In Stochastic Control Systems Via Neural Network Supermartingales, Mathias Lechner, Dorde Zikelic, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Thomas A. Henzinger Mar 2024

Stability Verification In Stochastic Control Systems Via Neural Network Supermartingales, Mathias Lechner, Dorde Zikelic, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Thomas A. Henzinger

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We consider the problem of formally verifying almost-sure (a.s.) asymptotic stability in discrete-time nonlinear stochastic control systems. While verifying stability in deterministic control systems is extensively studied in the literature, verifying stability in stochastic control systems is an open problem. The few existing works on this topic either consider only specialized forms of stochasticity or make restrictive assumptions on the system, rendering them inapplicable to learning algorithms with neural network policies. In this work, we present an approach for general nonlinear stochastic control problems with two novel aspects: (a) instead of classical stochastic extensions of Lyapunov functions, we use ranking …

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2024 Draft Final Silver Bow Creek Conservation Area Repository Data Gap Quality Assurance Project Plan (Qapp), Pioneer Technical Services, Inc. Mar 2024

2024 Draft Final Silver Bow Creek Conservation Area Repository Data Gap Quality Assurance Project Plan (Qapp), Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

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Grove Gulch Sedimentation Bay Final Remedial Design Report, Woodard & Curran Mar 2024

Grove Gulch Sedimentation Bay Final Remedial Design Report, Woodard & Curran

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

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Health And Safety Plan (Hasp) Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit, Woodard & Curran Mar 2024

Health And Safety Plan (Hasp) Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit, Woodard & Curran

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

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Final Quarterly Operations And Maintenance Report Butte Treatment Lagoon System – Second Quarter 2022, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc. Mar 2024

Final Quarterly Operations And Maintenance Report Butte Treatment Lagoon System – Second Quarter 2022, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

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Rising Water Temperature In Rivers: Ecological Impacts And Future Resilience, Matthew F. Johnson, Lindsey K. Albertson, Adam C. Algar, Stephen J. Dugdale, Patrick Edwards, Judy England, Christopher Gibbins, Multiple Additional Authors Mar 2024

Rising Water Temperature In Rivers: Ecological Impacts And Future Resilience, Matthew F. Johnson, Lindsey K. Albertson, Adam C. Algar, Stephen J. Dugdale, Patrick Edwards, Judy England, Christopher Gibbins, Multiple Additional Authors

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Rising water temperatures in rivers due to climate change are already having observable impacts on river ecosystems. Warming water has both direct and indirect impacts on aquatic life, and further aggravates pervasive issues such as eutrophication, pollution, and the spread of disease. Animals can survive higher temperatures through physiological and/or genetic acclimation, behavioral and phenological change, and range shifts to more suitable locations. As such, those animals that are adapted to cool-water regions typically found in high altitudes and latitudes where there are fewer dispersal opportunities are most at risk of future extinction. However, sub-lethal impacts on animal physiology and …

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Seasonal Variability And Predictability Of Monsoon Precipitation In Southern Africa, Matthew F. Horan, Fred Kucharski, Moetasim Ashfaq Mar 2024

Seasonal Variability And Predictability Of Monsoon Precipitation In Southern Africa, Matthew F. Horan, Fred Kucharski, Moetasim Ashfaq

Faculty Publications

Rainfed agriculture is the mainstay of economies across Southern Africa (SA), where most precipitation is received during the austral summer monsoon. This study aims to further our understanding of monsoon precipitation predictability over SA. We use three natural climate forcings, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the Indian Ocean Precipitation Dipole (IOPD)—the dominant precipitation variability mode—to construct an empirical model that exhibits significant skill over SA during monsoon in explaining precipitation variability and in forecasting it with a five-month lead. While most explained precipitation variance (50%–75%) comes from contemporaneous IOD and IOPD, preconditioning all three forcings is key …

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Thermal, Electrical, And Spin Transport: Encompassing Low-Damping Ferromagnets And Antiferromagnetic/Ferromagnetic Heterostructures, Matthew Ryan Natale Mar 2024

Thermal, Electrical, And Spin Transport: Encompassing Low-Damping Ferromagnets And Antiferromagnetic/Ferromagnetic Heterostructures, Matthew Ryan Natale

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Continuing technological advancements bring forth escalating challenges in global energy consumption and subsequent power dissipation, posing significant economic and environmental concerns. In response to these difficulties, the fields of thermoelectrics, spintronics, and spincaloritronics emerge as contemporary solutions, each presenting unique advantages. Thermoelectric devices, based on the Seebeck effect, other a passive, carbon-free energy generating solution from waste heat. Although current thermoelectric technology encounters hurdles in achieving optimal efficiencies without intricate designs or complex materials engineering, recently research into low-damping metallic ferromagnetic thin films have provided a new method to enhance spin wave lifetimes, thus contributing to thermoelectric voltage improvements. As …

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Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2023, Nathan A. Slaton Mar 2024

Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2023, Nathan A. Slaton

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Rapid technological changes in crop management and production require that the research efforts be presented in an expeditious manner. The contributions of soil fertility and fertilizers are major production factors in all Arkansas crops. The studies described within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university’s research efforts. Additionally, soil-test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.

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A 2,000-Year Record Of Eelgrass (Zostera Marina L.) Colonization Shows Substantial Gains In Blue Carbon Storage And Nutrient Retention, Martin Dahl, Martin Gullström, Irene Bernabeu, Oscar Serrano, Carmen Leiva-Dueñas, Hans W. Linderholm, Maria E. Asplund, Mats Björk, Tinghai Ou, J. Robin Svensson, Elinor Andrén, Thomas Andrén, Sanne Bergman, Sara Braun, Anneli Eklöf, Zilvinas Ežerinskis, Andrius Garbaras, Petter Hällberg, Elin Löfgren, Malin E. Kylander, Pere Masqué, Justina Šapolaitė, Rienk Smittenberg, Miguel A. Mateo Mar 2024

A 2,000-Year Record Of Eelgrass (Zostera Marina L.) Colonization Shows Substantial Gains In Blue Carbon Storage And Nutrient Retention, Martin Dahl, Martin Gullström, Irene Bernabeu, Oscar Serrano, Carmen Leiva-Dueñas, Hans W. Linderholm, Maria E. Asplund, Mats Björk, Tinghai Ou, J. Robin Svensson, Elinor Andrén, Thomas Andrén, Sanne Bergman, Sara Braun, Anneli Eklöf, Zilvinas Ežerinskis, Andrius Garbaras, Petter Hällberg, Elin Löfgren, Malin E. Kylander, Pere Masqué, Justina Šapolaitė, Rienk Smittenberg, Miguel A. Mateo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Assessing historical environmental conditions linked to habitat colonization is important for understanding long-term resilience and improving conservation and restoration efforts. Such information is lacking for the seagrass Zostera marina, an important foundation species across cold-temperate coastal areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we reconstructed environmental conditions during the last 14,000 years from sediment cores in two eelgrass (Z. marina) meadows along the Swedish west coast, with the main aims to identify the time frame of seagrass colonization and describe subsequent biogeochemical changes following establishment. Based on vegetation proxies (lipid biomarkers), eelgrass colonization occurred about 2,000 years ago after geomorphological changes …

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Environmental Dna Metabarcoding Of Pan Trap Water To Monitor Arthropod-Plant Interactions, Joshua H. Kestel, David L. Field, Philip W. Bateman, Nicole E. White, Karen L. Bell, Paul Nevill Mar 2024

Environmental Dna Metabarcoding Of Pan Trap Water To Monitor Arthropod-Plant Interactions, Joshua H. Kestel, David L. Field, Philip W. Bateman, Nicole E. White, Karen L. Bell, Paul Nevill

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Globally, the diversity of arthropods and the plants upon which they rely are under increasing pressure due to a combination of biotic and abiotic anthropogenic stressors. Unfortunately, conventional survey methods used to monitor ecosystems are often challenging to conduct on large scales. Pan traps are a commonly used pollinator survey method and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding of pan trap water may offer a high-throughput alternative to aid in the detection of both arthropods and the plant resources they rely on. Here, we examined if eDNA metabarcoding can be used to identify arthropods and plant species from pan trap water, and …

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Voice Synthesis Improvement By Machine Learning Of Natural Prosody, Joseph Kane, Michael N. Johnstone, Patryk Szewczyk Mar 2024

Voice Synthesis Improvement By Machine Learning Of Natural Prosody, Joseph Kane, Michael N. Johnstone, Patryk Szewczyk

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Since the advent of modern computing, researchers have striven to make the human–computer interface (HCI) as seamless as possible. Progress has been made on various fronts, e.g., the desktop metaphor (interface design) and natural language processing (input). One area receiving attention recently is voice activation and its corollary, computer-generated speech. Despite decades of research and development, most computer-generated voices remain easily identifiable as non-human. Prosody in speech has two primary components—intonation and rhythm—both often lacking in computer-generated voices. This research aims to enhance computer-generated text-to-speech algorithms by incorporating melodic and prosodic elements of human speech. This study explores a novel …

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Introducing Pour Points: Characteristics And Hydrological Significance Of A Rainfall-Concentrating Mechanism In A Water-Limited Woodland Ecosystem, Ashvath S. Kunadi, Tim Lardner, Richard P. Silberstein, Matthias Leopold, Nik Callow, Erik Veneklaas, Aryan Puri, Eleanor Sydney, Sally E. Thompson Mar 2024

Introducing Pour Points: Characteristics And Hydrological Significance Of A Rainfall-Concentrating Mechanism In A Water-Limited Woodland Ecosystem, Ashvath S. Kunadi, Tim Lardner, Richard P. Silberstein, Matthias Leopold, Nik Callow, Erik Veneklaas, Aryan Puri, Eleanor Sydney, Sally E. Thompson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The interception of rainfall by plant canopies alters the depth and spatial distribution of water arriving at the soil surface, and thus the location, volume, and depth of infiltration. Mechanisms like stemflow are known to concentrate rainfall and route it deep into the soil, yet other mechanisms of flow concentration are poorly understood. This study characterizes pour points, formed by the detachment of water flowing under a branch, using a combination of field observations in Western Australian banksia woodlands and rainfall simulation experiments on Banksia menziesii branches. We aim to establish the hydrological significance of pour points in a water-limited …

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Investigating Communication Of Findings In Environmental Impact Assessment And Developing A Research Agenda For Improvement, Alan Bond, Francois Retief, Angus Morrison-Saunders, Jenny Pope, Reece C. Alberts, Claudine Roos, Dirk Cilliers Mar 2024

Investigating Communication Of Findings In Environmental Impact Assessment And Developing A Research Agenda For Improvement, Alan Bond, Francois Retief, Angus Morrison-Saunders, Jenny Pope, Reece C. Alberts, Claudine Roos, Dirk Cilliers

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) aims to embed consideration of the significance of predicted environmental consequences (the findings) of proposed developments into approval decision making. Achieving this aim relies on adequate communication of the findings of the EIA to the stakeholders, especially the decision makers responsible for the approval decision. However, the naïve assumption that this communication of findings can be effectively achieved through the publication of a written report pervades legislation worldwide, despite decades of evidence to the contrary. As a first step towards improving such communication, this research identifies the contingent conditions associated with effectively transferring EIA findings from …

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Possible Role Of Correlation Coefficients And Network Analysis Of Multiple Intracellular Proteins In Blood Cells Of Patients With Bipolar Disorder In Studying The Mechanism Of Lithium Responsiveness: A Proof-Concept Study, Keming Gao, Marzieh Ayati, Nicholas M. Kaye, Mehmet Koyutürk, Joseph R. Calabrese, Eric Christian, Hillard M. Lazarus, David Kaplan Mar 2024

Possible Role Of Correlation Coefficients And Network Analysis Of Multiple Intracellular Proteins In Blood Cells Of Patients With Bipolar Disorder In Studying The Mechanism Of Lithium Responsiveness: A Proof-Concept Study, Keming Gao, Marzieh Ayati, Nicholas M. Kaye, Mehmet Koyutürk, Joseph R. Calabrese, Eric Christian, Hillard M. Lazarus, David Kaplan

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: The mechanism of lithium treatment responsiveness in bipolar disorder (BD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the utility of correlation coefficients and protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses of intracellular proteins in monocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes of patients with BD in studying the potential mechanism of lithium treatment responsiveness. Methods: Patients with bipolar I or II disorder who were diagnosed with the MINI for DSM-5 and at any phase of the illness with at least mild symptom severity and received lithium (serum level ≥ 0.6 mEq/L) for 16 weeks were divided into two groups, responders (≥50% …

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Non-Relativistic Limit Of Selected Terms From The Sme Dirac Lagrangian, Quinn Reece Mar 2024

Non-Relativistic Limit Of Selected Terms From The Sme Dirac Lagrangian, Quinn Reece

Physics

We examine a selection of individual CPT/Lorentz violating terms present in the relativistic lagrangian for a free spin- 1 2 Dirac fermion of mass m in the Standard Model Extension. Euler-Lagrange relations will be applied to give Dirac-like equations including these terms and a novel procedure will be used to generate non-relativistic limits of these equations which are Schr¨odinger-Pauli-like equations. These equations will be analyzed using classical quantum mechanics toy problems to gain physical intuition for the effects of the CPT violating terms, and the results will be discussed. We will conclude with discussion on future work will include the …

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New Geochemical And Geochronological Insights On Forearc Magmatism Across The Sanak-Baranof Belt, Southern Alaska: A Tale Of Two Belts, Adrian A. Wackett, Diane R. Smith, Cameron Davidson, John I. Garver Mar 2024

New Geochemical And Geochronological Insights On Forearc Magmatism Across The Sanak-Baranof Belt, Southern Alaska: A Tale Of Two Belts, Adrian A. Wackett, Diane R. Smith, Cameron Davidson, John I. Garver

Geosciences Faculty Research

The Sanak- Baranof belt includes a series of near- trench plutons that intrude the outboard Chugach– Prince William terrane over ~2200 km along the southern Alaskan margin. We present new petrological, geochronological, and geochemical data for comagmatic microgranitoid enclaves and granitoid rocks from the Crawfish Inlet (ca. 53– 47 Ma) and Krestof Island (ca. 52 Ma) plutons on Baranof and Krestof Islands, as well as the Mount Stamy (ca. 51 Ma) and Mount Draper (ca. 54– 53 Ma) plutons and associated mafic rocks that intrude the Boundary block at Nunatak Fiord near Yakutat, Alaska, USA. These data suggest that intrusion …

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Method For Calibrating An Arduino-Based Soil Moisture Sensor Using Van Genuchten’S Equation, Victorino A. Bato, John Osbert Alindogan Mar 2024

Method For Calibrating An Arduino-Based Soil Moisture Sensor Using Van Genuchten’S Equation, Victorino A. Bato, John Osbert Alindogan

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Instructions on building a do-it-yourself soil moisture sensor using Arduino microcontrollers abound on the Internet. These do-it-yourself soil moisture sensors are favorite projects by both plant and microcontroller enthusiasts because the parts are affordable and the end product is functional. In the absence of proper calibration, these soil moisture sensors cannot generate usable information on the status of plant-available-water in the soil. This research demonstrates the calibration of an Arduino-based soil moisture sensor using the soil moisture characteristic curve of a clay loam soil. Van Genuchten’s model was used to generate an equation and various parameters specific to the soil. …

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Conditional Neural Heuristic For Multiobjective Vehicle Routing Problems, Mingfeng Fan, Yaoxin Wu, Zhiguang Cao, Wen Song, Guillaume Sartoretti, Huan Liu, Guohua Wu Mar 2024

Conditional Neural Heuristic For Multiobjective Vehicle Routing Problems, Mingfeng Fan, Yaoxin Wu, Zhiguang Cao, Wen Song, Guillaume Sartoretti, Huan Liu, Guohua Wu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Existing neural heuristics for multiobjective vehicle routing problems (MOVRPs) are primarily conditioned on instance context, which failed to appropriately exploit preference and problem size, thus holding back the performance. To thoroughly unleash the potential, we propose a novel conditional neural heuristic (CNH) that fully leverages the instance context, preference, and size with an encoder–decoder structured policy network. Particularly, in our CNH, we design a dual-attention-based encoder to relate preferences and instance contexts, so as to better capture their joint effect on approximating the exact Pareto front (PF). We also design a size-aware decoder based on the sinusoidal encoding to explicitly …

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Supply Is Not Limulus: Research Review Of Horseshoe Crab Conservation In The Face Of Intense Pharmaceutical Demand, Zoya Galeev Mar 2024

Supply Is Not Limulus: Research Review Of Horseshoe Crab Conservation In The Face Of Intense Pharmaceutical Demand, Zoya Galeev

University Honors Theses

Horseshoe crabs are being used by the pharmaceutical industry to conduct endotoxin tests using LAL derived from the organism’s blood to ensure safe medical practice. Their annual collection and bleeding, while not always leading to mortality, affects horseshoe crab behavior and health. This research seeks to understand how the American horseshoe crab, L. polyphemus, is being used by pharmaceutical agencies and the implications that their harvesting has on the industry and the conservation of the species. Studies were collected from the past decade across two databases, Web of Science (WOS) and PubMed, to assess present conservation techniques to reduce …

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Mask2former With Improved Query For Semantic Segmentation In Remote-Sensing Images, Shichen Guo, Qi Wang, Shiming Xiang, Shuwen Wang, Xuezhi Wang Mar 2024

Mask2former With Improved Query For Semantic Segmentation In Remote-Sensing Images, Shichen Guo, Qi Wang, Shiming Xiang, Shuwen Wang, Xuezhi Wang

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Semantic segmentation of remote sensing (RS) images is vital in various practical applications, including urban construction planning, natural disaster monitoring, and land resources investigation. However, RS images are captured by airplanes or satellites at high altitudes and long distances, resulting in ground objects of the same category being scattered in various corners of the image. Moreover, objects of different sizes appear simultaneously in RS images. For example, some objects occupy a large area in urban scenes, while others only have small regions. Technically, the above two universal situations pose significant challenges to the segmentation with a high quality for RS …

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Transiam: Aggregating Multi-Modal Visual Features With Locality For Medical Image Segmentation, Xuejian Li, Shiqiang Ma, Junhai Xu, Jijun Tang, Shengfeng He, Fei Guo Mar 2024

Transiam: Aggregating Multi-Modal Visual Features With Locality For Medical Image Segmentation, Xuejian Li, Shiqiang Ma, Junhai Xu, Jijun Tang, Shengfeng He, Fei Guo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Automatic segmentation of medical images plays an important role in the diagnosis of diseases. On single-modal data, convolutional neural networks have demonstrated satisfactory performance. However, multi-modal data encompasses a greater amount of information rather than single-modal data. Multi-modal data can be effectively used to improve the segmentation accuracy of regions of interest by analyzing both spatial and temporal information. In this study, we propose a dual-path segmentation model for multi-modal medical images, named TranSiam. Taking into account that there is a significant diversity between the different modalities, TranSiam employs two parallel CNNs to extract the features which are specific to …

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Iterative Graph Self-Distillation, Hanlin Zhang, Shuai Lin, Weiyang Liu, Pan Zhou, Jian Tang, Xiaodan Liang, Eric Xing Mar 2024

Iterative Graph Self-Distillation, Hanlin Zhang, Shuai Lin, Weiyang Liu, Pan Zhou, Jian Tang, Xiaodan Liang, Eric Xing

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Recently, there has been increasing interest in the challenge of how to discriminatively vectorize graphs. To address this, we propose a method called Iterative Graph Self-Distillation (IGSD) which learns graph-level representation in an unsupervised manner through instance discrimination using a self-supervised contrastive learning approach. IGSD involves a teacher-student distillation process that uses graph diffusion augmentations and constructs the teacher model using an exponential moving average of the student model. The intuition behind IGSD is to predict the teacher network representation of the graph pairs under different augmented views. As a natural extension, we also apply IGSD to semi-supervised scenarios by …

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Community Similarity Based On User Profile Joins, Konstantinos Theocharidis, Hady Wirawan Lauw Mar 2024

Community Similarity Based On User Profile Joins, Konstantinos Theocharidis, Hady Wirawan Lauw

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Similarity joins on multidimensional data are crucial operators for recommendation purposes. The classic ��-join problem finds all pairs of points within �� distance to each other among two ��-dimensional datasets. In this paper, we consider a novel and alternative version of ��-join named community similarity based on user profile joins (CSJ). The aim of CSJ problem is, given two communities having a set of ��-dimensional users, to find how similar are the communities by matching every single pair of users (a user can be matched with at most one other user) having an absolute difference of at most �� per …

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Revisiting The Markov Property For Machine Translation, Cunxiao Du, Hao Zhou, Zhaopeng Tu, Jing Jiang Mar 2024

Revisiting The Markov Property For Machine Translation, Cunxiao Du, Hao Zhou, Zhaopeng Tu, Jing Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we re-examine the Markov property in the context of neural machine translation. We design a Markov Autoregressive Transformer (MAT) and undertake a comprehensive assessment of its performance across four WMT benchmarks. Our findings indicate that MAT with an order larger than 4 can generate translations with quality on par with that of conventional autoregressive transformers. In addition, counter-intuitively, we also find that the advantages of utilizing a higher-order MAT do not specifically contribute to the translation of longer sentences.

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Monocular Bev Perception Of Road Scenes Via Front-To-Top View Projection, Wenxi Liu, Qi Li, Weixiang Yang, Jiaxin Cai, Yuanhong Yu, Yuexin Ma, Shengfeng He, Jia Pan Mar 2024

Monocular Bev Perception Of Road Scenes Via Front-To-Top View Projection, Wenxi Liu, Qi Li, Weixiang Yang, Jiaxin Cai, Yuanhong Yu, Yuexin Ma, Shengfeng He, Jia Pan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

HD map reconstruction is crucial for autonomous driving. LiDAR-based methods are limited due to expensive sensors and time-consuming computation. Camera-based methods usually need to perform road segmentation and view transformation separately, which often causes distortion and missing content. To push the limits of the technology, we present a novel framework that reconstructs a local map formed by road layout and vehicle occupancy in the bird's-eye view given a front-view monocular image only. We propose a front-to-top view projection (FTVP) module, which takes the constraint of cycle consistency between views into account and makes full use of their correlation to strengthen …

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On The Effects Of Information Asymmetry In Digital Currency Trading, Kwansoo Kim, Robert John Kauffman Mar 2024

On The Effects Of Information Asymmetry In Digital Currency Trading, Kwansoo Kim, Robert John Kauffman

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We report on two studies that examine how social sentiment influences information asymmetry in digital currency markets. We also assess whether cryptocurrency can be an investment vehicle, as opposed to only an instrument for asset speculation. Using a dataset on transactions from an exchange in South Korea and sentiment from Korean social media in 2018, we conducted a study of different trading behavior under two cryptocurrency trading market microstructures: a bid-ask spread dealer's market and a continuous trading buy-sell, immediate trade execution market. Our results highlight the impacts of positive and negative trader social sentiment valences on the effects of …

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T-Sciq: Teaching Multimodal Chain-Of-Thought Reasoning Via Large Language Model Signals For Science Question Answering, Lei Wang, Yi Hu, Jiabang He, Xing Xu, Ning Liu, Hui Liu, Heng Tao Shen Mar 2024

T-Sciq: Teaching Multimodal Chain-Of-Thought Reasoning Via Large Language Model Signals For Science Question Answering, Lei Wang, Yi Hu, Jiabang He, Xing Xu, Ning Liu, Hui Liu, Heng Tao Shen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated exceptional performance in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. They have also shown the ability to perform chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning to solve complex problems. Recent studies have explored CoT reasoning in complex multimodal scenarios, such as the science question answering task, by fine-tuning multimodal models with high-quality human-annotated CoT rationales. However, collecting high-quality COT rationales is usually time-consuming and costly. Besides, the annotated rationales are hardly accurate due to the external essential information missed. To address these issues, we propose a novel method termed T-SciQ that aims at teaching science question answering with …

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Towards Understanding Convergence And Generalization Of Adamw, Pan Zhou, Xingyu Xie, Zhouchen Lin, Shuicheng Yan Mar 2024

Towards Understanding Convergence And Generalization Of Adamw, Pan Zhou, Xingyu Xie, Zhouchen Lin, Shuicheng Yan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

AdamW modifies Adam by adding a decoupled weight decay to decay network weights per training iteration. For adaptive algorithms, this decoupled weight decay does not affect specific optimization steps, and differs from the widely used ℓ2-regularizer which changes optimization steps via changing the first- and second-order gradient moments. Despite its great practical success, for AdamW, its convergence behavior and generalization improvement over Adam and ℓ2-regularized Adam (ℓ2-Adam) remain absent yet. To solve this issue, we prove the convergence of AdamW and justify its generalization advantages over Adam and ℓ2-Adam. Specifically, AdamW provably converges but minimizes a dynamically regularized loss that …

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Ur2m: Uncertainty And Resource-Aware Event Detection On Microcontrollers, Hong Jia, Young D. Kwon, Dong Ma, Nhat Pham, Lorena Qendro, Tam Vu, Cecilia Mascolo Mar 2024

Ur2m: Uncertainty And Resource-Aware Event Detection On Microcontrollers, Hong Jia, Young D. Kwon, Dong Ma, Nhat Pham, Lorena Qendro, Tam Vu, Cecilia Mascolo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Traditional machine learning techniques are prone to generating inaccurate predictions when confronted with shifts in the distribution of data between the training and testing phases. This vulnerability can lead to severe consequences, especially in applications such as mobile healthcare. Uncertainty estimation has the potential to mitigate this issue by assessing the reliability of a model's output. However, existing uncertainty estimation techniques often require substantial computational resources and memory, making them impractical for implementation on microcontrollers (MCUs). This limitation hinders the feasibility of many important on-device wearable event detection (WED) applications, such as heart attack detection. In this paper, we present …

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