Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Boron And Metal Catalyzed C-C And C-H Bond Formation, Adam Barret Pippin

Doctoral Dissertations

Research efforts focused on the use of boron and metals to form new carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds are summarized in this dissertation. Several novel reactions have been developed. These include: the deoxygenation of benzylic alcohols using chloroboranes; alkenylation of benzylic alcohols using boron trichloride; and dialkynlation of aryl aldehydes using dialkynylboron chloride. Numerous applications of these novel reactions have been developed. These include alternate routes to diphenylmethanes and 1,4-diynes from easily prepared dialkynylboron chlorides. In addition, E and Z alkenyl halides can now be prepared using boron trichloride without the use of butyllithium. The stereochemistry of the alkenyl halide can …

Controlling Nanoparticle Dispersion For Nanoscopic Self-Assembly, Nathan S. Starkweather

Master's Theses

Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter and devices on the nanometer scale. Below the critical dimension length of 100nm, materials begin to display vastly different properties than their macro- or micro- scale counterparts. The exotic properties of nanomaterials may trigger the start of a new technological revolution, similar to the electronics revolution of the late 20^th century. Current applications of nanotechnology primarily make use of nanoparticles in bulk, often being made into composites or mixtures. While these materials have fantastic properties, organization of nano and microstructures of nanoparticles may allow the development of novel devices with many unique properties. …

A Cucurbit[8]Uril Sponge, Vijayakumar Ramalingam, Sharon K. Kwee, Lisa M. Ryno, Adam R. Urbach

Chemistry Faculty Research

This paper describes a convenient approach to quantitative removal of the synthetic host cucurbit[8]uril (Q8) from aqueous mixtures using a sepharose resin coated in memantine groups to selectively sequester Q8 in the presence of competing hosts and guests. The “Q8 sponge” can separate Q8 from Q6 and reverse the Q8-mediated dimerization of peptides.

College Of Science And Mathematics Newsletter, Fall 2012, College Of Science And Mathematics, Wright State University

College of Science and Mathematics Newsletters

This 8 page newsletter discusses various happenings within the College of Science and Mathematics. It begins with a letter from the dean, and continues on with news, events, alumni news, and other community news.

Spectroscopy And Dynamics Of The Predissociated, Quasi-Linear S₂ State Of Chlorocarbene, Chong Tao, Craig A. Richmond, Calvin Mukarakate, Scott H. Kable, George B. Bacskay, Eric C. Brown, Richard Dawes, Phalgun Lolur, Scott A. Reid

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this work, we report on the spectroscopy and dynamics of the quasi-linear S₂ state of chlorocarbene, CHCl, and its deuterated isotopologue using optical-optical double resonance (OODR) spectroscopy through selected rovibronic levels of the S₁ state. This study, which represents the first observation of the S₂ state in CHCl, builds upon our recent examination of the corresponding state in CHF, where pronounced mode specificity was observed in the dynamics, with predissociation rates larger for levels containing bending excitation. In the present work, a total of 14 S₂ state vibrational levels with angular momentum 1 were observed …

Aging Of A Thermoelectric Module: Visualization Of Elemental Analysis, Stacie M. Dahl, Bernice E. Mills

Stacie M Dahl

Visualization of elemental composition is done to compare the surfaces of an aged thermoelectric module (TM) to an unaged one. The two modules’ exteriors are also compared to their interiors. Highlights of the analysis are presented here.

Covalent Modification That Enhances Protein Properties And Functions And Folds Random Coil Into Alpha-Helix, Deepali Prashar

Chemistry - Dissertations

Understanding the fundamental science of aggregation and surface adsorption of proteins is critical for developing protein-based drugs, understanding aggregation-induced diseases and for preventing biofouling that impacts a wide range of industries. In spite of the advances in sensitive and high-throughput analytical methods, the commercialization of protein drugs has been impeded by poor solubility, inevitable aggregation, and difficulty in purification. The primary aim of this dissertation is to modify proteins covalently to induce folding in random coil sequences, prevent aggregation, surface adsorption and for increasing the thermal stability against aggregation of proteins.

The first chapter describes the chemistry for modifying the …

Synthesis Of 1,1-Dialkyhydrazines And Their Hydroxyl Radical Degradation In Aqueous Environments, Benjamin F. Strong

Masters Theses

Determination of hydroxyl radical rate constants are essential to ensure adequate degradation of contaminants in wastewater. Hydrazines are an important class of organic contaminants and are the focus of this research. Ten 1,1-dialkylhydrazines are synthesized by the zinc reduction of the corresponding N-nitrosamines. Their hydroxyl radical rate constants are determined using the linear accelerator at the Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory at pH 4, 7, and 10.

Their rate constants are found to depend on the protonation state of the molecule. At pH 4 the molecules are fully protonated and hydrogen atom abstraction is favored from the alkyl chains. At …

Development Of Nano-Scale Featured Materials For Electrode Modification And Solid Supports., Amy Rue

Theses and Dissertations

This work utilized the sol-gel process in two ways. First, macroporous silica thin films were developed using a combination of casting techniques and templating. Macroporsity was introduced to the silica thin films by either doping the silica sol before casting or by ordering the template on a substrate and then casting a sol over it. These techniques were first used to create silica thin films with long microchannel pores (200 nm x 60 µm) from a doped sol with the bacteria, B. Megaterium, as the template for nanomaterial formation. To enable the formation long microchannels, the flexible bacteria chains were …

Il-6 Regulation On Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Remodeling During Cancer Cachexia In The ApcMin/+ Mouse, James P. White, Melissa J. Puppa, Shuichi Sato, Song Gao, Robert L. Price, John W. Baynes, Matthew C. Kostek, Lydia E. Matesic, James A. Carson

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:

Muscle protein turnover regulation during cancer cachexia is being rapidly defined, and skeletal muscle mitochondria function appears coupled to processes regulating muscle wasting. Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and the expression of proteins regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics are disrupted in severely cachectic Apc^Min/+ mice. It has not been determined if these changes occur at the onset of cachexia and are necessary for the progression of muscle wasting. Exercise and anti-cytokine therapies have proven effective in preventing cachexia development in tumor bearing mice, while their effect on mitochondrial content, biogenesis and dynamics is not well understood. The purposes of …

Analysis Of Biodiesel Quality Using Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Kellyann M. Murphy

Pomona Senior Theses

The alternative fuel biodiesel is produced from the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fat to fatty acid methyl esters. Pomona has a reactor on campus that can be used to run this reaction and produce biodiesel. The use of biodiesel has been found to lower air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, but can be potentially harmful to the engines if it contains impurities. This paper proposes a method using high-performance liquid chromatography to test the quality of biodiesel. This method utilizes instrumentation and materials that are available in Pomona College's Chemistry Department, requires very little sample preparation, and is …

Mechanistic Studies And Optimization Of Microwave-Assisted Palladium-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Reactions And An Academic Prospective On “Quality By Design”, Neha K. Grewal

Honors Scholar Theses

This compilation of work includes four aspects: (1) an academic review on the significance and implementation of Quality by Design (QbD), (2) mechanistic studies on the palladium-catalyzed synthesis of diarylmethanes, (3) the optimization of microwave-assisted click reactions and Suzuki couplings for use in an undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory manual, and (4) monitoring the progress of organic transformations using Raman spectroscopy.

Ferrocene Constrained Helical Peptides Via On-Resin Cyclization, Thomas A. Mcteague

Senior Theses and Projects

Previous research within the Curran group has demonstrated that ferrocene may be used as an organometallic constraint to induce the formation of α-helices in short peptides which traditionally possess undefined conformations. Through strategic placement of lysine residues at the i and i+3 positions within the peptide, such a constraint was accomplished via the crosslinking of the lysine side chains to ferrocene dicarboxylic acid chloride in solution phase synthesis. The aim of this work was to develop a method for solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) for the synthesis of these ferrocene-constrained helices. In particular, we seek to develop a method in …

Surficial Redistribution Of Fallout 131iodine In A Small Temperate Catchment, Joshua D. Landis, Nathan T. Hamm, Carl E. Renshaw, W. Brian Dade, Francis J. Magilligan, John D. Gartner

Dartmouth Scholarship

Isotopes of iodine play significant environmental roles, including a limiting micronutrient (¹²⁷I), an acute radiotoxin (¹³¹I), and a geochemical tracer (¹²⁹I). But the cycling of iodine through terrestrial ecosystems is poorly understood, due to its complex environmental chemistry and low natural abundance. To better understand iodine transport and fate in a terrestrial ecosystem, we traced fallout ¹³¹iodine throughout a small temperate catchment following contamination by the 11 March 2011 failure of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power facility. We find that radioiodine fallout is actively and efficiently scavenged by the soil system, where it …

Characterization Of A Reductively-Activated Elimination Pathway Relevant To The Biological Chemistry Of The Kinamycins And Lomaiviticins, Seann P. Mulcahy, Christina M. Woo, Weidong Ding, George A. Ellestad, Seth B. Herzon

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The lomaiviticins (1 and 2) and kinamycins (3–5) are bacterial metabolites with potent antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. Herein we establish that 1–5 are capable of generating electrophilic acylfulvene intermediates (6) under mildly reducing conditions. These acylfulvenes 6 are formed by a multistep process comprising two-electron reduction and loss of dinitrogen to form an ortho-quinone methide, followed by elimination. Based on these studies, the structure of the product formed from 1 in DNA-cleavage assays is proposed (26). We also show that the bis(hydroxynaphthoquinone) substructures of the lomaiviticins activate the metabolites toward reduction. Finally, based on COMPARE and time-dependent cell response profiling …

The Equation, Winter 2012, College Of Science And Mathematics, Wright State University

College of Science and Mathematics Newsletters

This 39 page newsletter discusses various happenings within the College of Science and Mathematics. It begins with a letter from the dean, and continues on with news, events, alumni news, and other community news.

Ethanol From The Field To The Pump, Cameron Heiser

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster describes the use of dry mill and wet mill processes to produce ethanol.

Fluoride And Your Teeth: How Fluoride In Dental Products Protects Your Teeth From Cavities, Jacob Dickey

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster examines the use and effectiveness of fluorine to prevent cavities.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Thanaporn Chittiphalungsri

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster describes the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.

The Many Pharmaceutical Discoveries Of Gertrude B. Elion, Alayna Bonse

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster discusses the contributions of Gertrude B. Elion to pharmaceutical science.

Design And Synthesis Of Antithrombotic Liposomal Protein Conjugate, Hailong Zhang

ETD Archive

Recent advances in the molecular bases of haemostasis have highlighted that endothelial thrombomodulin (TM) plays a critical role in local haemostasis by binding thrombin and subsequently converting protein C to its active form (APC). In addition, the binding of thrombin to TM drastically alters the thrombin's procoagulant activities to anticoagulant activities. The lipid bilayer in which it resides serves as an essential 'cofactor', locally concentrating and coordinating the appropriate alignment of reacting cofactors and substrates for protein C activation. On the other hand, liposomes have been extensively studied as cell membrane model as well as carrier for delivering certain vaccines, …

Methylation Markers In Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Avinash Gavicharla

ETD Archive

Hepatocellular Carcinoma is one of the major causes for mortality in the world and is usually asymptomatic until late stage decreasing the survival rate. There is an increase of incidence every year and current diagnostic and prognostic bio markers like AFP have their limitations in the wider context. Therefore, it is important to develop novel biomarkers. The aim of the Research is to understand the cytosine methylation and investigate the role of the p16 and SLIT-2 genes as biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. The methylation profiles of the genes were assessed on bisulfite modified DNA samples with the aid of Real …

Soil Chemistry: Understanding Phosphorus In The Environment, Paul Milham, Warwick Dougherty, Robert John Morrison, Robert Graham Clark, Ronald Smernik, Ashlea Doolette, Lucy Burkitt, Damian Collins, Rebeca Alvarez, Andrew Thomas

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

It is an essential ingredient in food production, but poor management means bad news downstream. Understanding the way phosphorus behaves in the environment calls for soil and plant biology, and some new soil chemistry.

Linus Pauling: Scientist Of The 20th Century, Laura Ward

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster describes the contributions scientist Linus Pauling made to the fields of chemistry and molecular biology, including his hybridization theory.

Facile Synthesis Of Functionalized Poly (Arylene Ether Sulfone)S, Mehmet Tatli

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The synthesis of poly(arylene ether sulfone)s, with a pendant aryl iodide, was achieved via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) polycondensation of 3-iodo-3',5'-difluoro-diphenylsulfone (2) with Bisphenol-A. Monomer 2 was prepared by the reaction of 3, 5-difluorodiphenylsulfone with N-iodosuccinimide (NIS). Model reactions indicated that the iodo group was stable to NAS conditions. Both GC/MS analysis and NMR spectroscopy indicated quantitative displacement of the two fluorine atoms while the iodo group remained untouched. Furthermore, the modification of the iodo polymer was achieved via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction with phenyl, naphthyl, and phenylacetyl boronic acids. The thermal properties of the polymers were evaluated via DSC and …

Effects Of Activated Carbon Surface Chemistry Modification On The Adsorption Of Mercury From Aqueous Solution, Emily K. Faulconer

Publications

Mercury (Hg), a naturally occurring element, is toxic and can lead to negative health impacts for humans and ecosystems. Activated carbon adsorption is effective in treating Hg-laden aqueous effluent for safe discharge. Two modifications of commercially available activated carbon were investigated: iron impregnation to allow for magnetic sorbent recapture and wet chemical oxidation to enhance aqueous Hg capture. The modified carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption, XRD, pHpzc, vibrating sample magnetometry, elemental analysis, and total acidity titration. The 3:1 C:Fe magnetic powdered activated carbon (MPAC) retained a high surface area of 790 m2 /g and was 95% magnetically recoverable, with …

Fractional Comparison Of Arson Accelerants Using Advanced Distillation, Sarah Clickner

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Detection of accelerants is often critical in proving a fire was intentional. Establishing a fire was intentionally set is not an easy task and hinges on the preservation of accelerant present in fire debris. Various accelerants have previously been studied using the advanced distillation method to get fractional composition information. The resulting fractions from advanced distillations were compared to evaporation and burn samples to determine if there were any similarities.

Statistical Analysis Of Gasoline As An Accelerant Using Principal Component Analysis, Carolyn Frantz

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Arson is one of the most difficult crimes to investigate, as much of the physical evidence is destroyed by the fire. Evidence of an accelerant at a scene is often vital in determining whether a fire was intentional or accidental. Gasoline is one of the most commonly used accelerants, due to its wide availability and low cost. Neat gasoline samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify the components present in each gasoline and differentiate between gasoline samples based on their seasonal blend and grade. Advanced distillations were executed to compare regular and premium grade gasolines and determine …

Synthesis Of Mixed Metal Trinuclear Cluster Of Molybdenum And Tungsten And Their Electrochemistry In Ionic Liquids, Jessica Ann Davis

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Research is being done to find a material to improve the efficiency of the ethanol fuel cell by using a platinum free catalyst. Mo2WO2(O2CCH3)6 cluster was synthesized using Mo2(O2CCH3)4 dimer and Na2WO4. One ionic liquid, EMImBF4, was synthesized using methylimidazolim and chloroethane in the first step, and EMImCl and NaBF4 in the second step. The electrochemical properties of the ionic liquid and the metal cluster were studied. A potential window for the EMImBF4 was found to be 3.2 V. The ionic liquid has a wider potential window, and allowed for the observation of the redox properties of Mo2WO2(O2CCH3)6. The electrochemistry …

Cbe5e− (E = Al, Ga, In, Tl): Planar Pentacoordinate Carbon In Heptaatomic Clusters, Abril C. Castro, Gerarso Martinez-Guajardo, Thomas Johnson, Jesus M. Ugalde, Yan-Bo Wu, Jose M. Mercero, Thomas Heine, Kelling J. Donald, Gabriel Merino

Chemistry Faculty Publications

A series of clusters with the general formula CBe₅E^- (E = Al, Ga, In, Tl) are theoretically shown to have a planar pentacoordinate carbon atom. The structures show a simple and rigid topological framework—a planar EBe4 ring surrounding a C center, with one of the ring Be–Be bonds capped in-plane by a fifth Be atom. The system is stabilized by a network of multicenter σ bonds in which the central C atom is the acceptor, and π systems as well by which the C atom donates charge to the Be and E atoms that encircle it.