Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Environmental Sciences (334)
- Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology (329)
- Climate (275)
- Life Sciences (235)
- Earth Sciences (216)
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (139)
- Meteorology (115)
- Natural Resources Management and Policy (101)
- Agriculture (88)
- Natural Resources and Conservation (88)
- Water Resource Management (88)
- Soil Science (83)
- Environmental Monitoring (54)
- Plant Sciences (53)
- Atmospheric Sciences (48)
- Geology (47)
- Viticulture and Oenology (46)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (43)
- Sustainability (43)
- Business (40)
- Law (40)
- Hydrology (39)
- Environmental Policy (38)
- Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment (35)
- Environmental Law (34)
- Natural Resources Law (34)
- Water Law (33)
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (32)
- State and Local Government Law (32)
- Institution
-
- East Tennessee State University (88)
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia (55)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (51)
- Linfield University (44)
- University of Colorado Law School (36)
-
- University of Kentucky (33)
- Selected Works (30)
- University of Wollongong (29)
- Utah State University (26)
- University of San Diego (25)
- Old Dominion University (15)
- The University of Maine (11)
- University of South Florida (11)
- Boise State University (9)
- Western Washington University (9)
- Chapman University (8)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (8)
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville (8)
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee (7)
- Western University (7)
- California State University, Monterey Bay (6)
- Central Washington University (6)
- Louisiana State University (6)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (6)
- William & Mary (6)
- University of South Carolina (5)
- Cal Poly Humboldt (4)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (4)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (4)
- Clark University (4)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Tennessee Climate Office Monthly Report (85)
- Linfield University Wine Studies Reports (44)
- Resource management technical reports (31)
- IGC Proceedings (1993-2023) (25)
- Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive) (24)
-
- San Diego Regional Climate Collaborative (24)
- Water, Climate and Uncertainty: Implications for Western Water Law, Policy, and Management (Summer Conference, June 11-13) (21)
- School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications (15)
- Theses and Dissertations (13)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (10)
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research (8)
- All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023 (7)
- Crop Updates (7)
- School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research (7)
- Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research (6)
- CCPO Publications (6)
- Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024) (6)
- UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones (6)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (6)
- Bulletins 4000 - (5)
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications (5)
- Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository (5)
- Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations (5)
- Honors Theses (5)
- LSU Doctoral Dissertations (5)
- Master's Theses (5)
- Masters Theses (5)
- Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference (5)
- Technical Bulletins (5)
- All Master's Theses (4)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 391 - 420 of 702
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Late Paleo-Indian Period Lithic Economies, Mobility, And Group Organization In Wisconsin, Ethan Adam Epstein
Late Paleo-Indian Period Lithic Economies, Mobility, And Group Organization In Wisconsin, Ethan Adam Epstein
Theses and Dissertations
The following dissertation focuses upon the organization of Pleistocene / Holocene period lithic technology in Wisconsin circa 10,000 – 10,500 years before present. Lithic debitage and flaked stone tools from the Plainview/Agate Basin components of the Heyrman I site (47DR381), the Dalles site (47IA374), and the Kelly North Tract site at Carcajou Point (47JE02) comprise the data set. These Wisconsin sites are located within a post glacial Great Lakes dune environment, an inland drainage/riverine environment, and an inland wetland/lacustrine environment. An assemblage approach is used to examine the structure of each site’s lithic economy. This broad approach to lithic organization …
Declining Dissolved Oxygen In The Central California Current Region, Alice Ren
Declining Dissolved Oxygen In The Central California Current Region, Alice Ren
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A potential consequence of climate change is a global decrease in dissolved oxygen at depth due to changes in the balance of ventilation, mixing, respiration, and photosynthesis in the oceans. Regionally, the California Current has experienced dissolved oxygen declines since the late 1980s with observations from Oregon and the Southern California Bight. Here, we present observations of declining dissolved oxygen along CalCOFI Line 67 off of Monterey Bay, in the Central California Current region, and investigate likely mechanisms. The hydrographic cruises obtained dissolved oxygen measurements 50-300 km from shore between 1998 and 2013, with quasi-seasonal sampling resolution. Dissolved oxygen decreased …
Climate In The Pilbara, Robert Sudmeyer
Climate In The Pilbara, Robert Sudmeyer
Bulletins 4000 -
The Pilbara is characterised by very hot summers, mild winters and low and variable rainfall. It is classified as hot desert in northern and inland areas and hot grasslands in the north-west. The Pilbara claims a number of climate records:
- seven of Western Australia’s top 10 hottest days, with Mardie recording the hottest day on record — 50.5 degrees Celsius (°C)
- most sunshine hours a day in Australia (more than 10 hours a day)
- second highest inter-annual variability in rainfall (second only to central Australia)
- the most cyclone-prone area along the Australian coastline.
During summer and early autumn (December to …
Changing Trends In Wave Heights In The U.S. Mid-Atlantic Region, Hillary Lane
Changing Trends In Wave Heights In The U.S. Mid-Atlantic Region, Hillary Lane
Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations
The pace and effects of climate change are an area of constant focus for coastal engineers as evolving patterns in the atmosphere worldwide affect the oceans and coasts on a regional and global scale. Surface waves respond to changing wind patterns both locally and from propagating swell, and the difficulty in predicting future wind patterns is well-established. Expectations that climate change will result in more frequent and intense coastal storms and consequently greater wave heights in the North Atlantic are still unrealized, and recent forecasts from a variety of atmosphere-ocean coupled global climate models instead predict decreasing wave heights through …
1924, Soil Survey Of King City Area, California
1924, Soil Survey Of King City Area, California
State and Federal Documents Relating to Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties
1924 report by E. J. Carpenter, A. E. Kocher and F. O. Youngs on the King City area of Monterey, California, including location and boundaries, climate, agriculture and the classes of soil.
1904, Water Resources In Salinas, United States Department Of Interior, Homer Hamlin
1904, Water Resources In Salinas, United States Department Of Interior, Homer Hamlin
State and Federal Documents Relating to Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties
The 1904 report pertains largely to that portion of the Salinas Valley lying within the boundaries of Monterey County. It describes the geography, topography, geology, climate factors and hydrology of the region discussing the methods of irrigation and irrigation systems, the extent of underground waters, and the possibility of extending irrigation by utilization of surface streams and impounding of flood waters.
1925, Soil Survey Of The Salinas Area, California, E. J. Carpenter And Stanley W. Cosby
1925, Soil Survey Of The Salinas Area, California, E. J. Carpenter And Stanley W. Cosby
State and Federal Documents Relating to Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties
The 1925 reports describes the area surveyed, the climate, agriculture, soils, irrigation and drainage of the Salinas Valley. The report was prepared by E. J. Carpenter, United States Department of Agriculture and Stanley W. Cosby, University of California. The report covers the greater part of the area previously addressed in the Lapham and Heileman 1901 soil survey report.
Wind Climatology: A Study Of Trends On Rodgers' Dry Lakebed, Dana Coppernoll-Houston
Wind Climatology: A Study Of Trends On Rodgers' Dry Lakebed, Dana Coppernoll-Houston
STAR Program Research Presentations
A number of smaller projects at the Armstrong Flight Research Center fly on or close to the ground and are subject to ground-level winds. Many of these are new prototype models, such as PRANDTL-D (Preliminary Research Aerodynamic Design to Lower Drag). Waiting for the right conditions on a day of variable winds can sometimes mean that teams fail to complete testing. A strategic analysis of wind behavior at a locations where winds can vary greatly due to terrain could lend insight into the best times to test for near-ground aircraft. The purpose of this project was to data mine historical …
Testing Of The Late-Ordovician Pre-Gice Warm Water Carbonate Hypothesis In Alabama, Brandon Euker, Stacey Law
Testing Of The Late-Ordovician Pre-Gice Warm Water Carbonate Hypothesis In Alabama, Brandon Euker, Stacey Law
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
The Guttenberg Carbon Isotope Excursion (GICE) (uppermost Sandbian-lower Katian, Late Ordovician) has been suggested to represent the transition from a Cambrian-Ordovician greenhouse world to Late Ordovician icehouse world. This transition is thought to coincide with a proposed shift from deposition of warm water carbonate rocks to cool water carbonate rocks in the North American midcontinent. We used oxygen isotopes (d18O) of conodonts to test the idea that the rocks below the GICE interval represent a consistently warm environment. Conodonts were isolated from samples of the Chickamauga Group collected at the Tidwell Hollow section in Blount County, AL, from …
Late Holocene Climate And Environmental Reconstruction Derived From The Asian Ice Core Array (Aica), Bjorn Grigholm
Late Holocene Climate And Environmental Reconstruction Derived From The Asian Ice Core Array (Aica), Bjorn Grigholm
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Recent climate change has impacted natural and human systems across the Earth, emphasizing the need for greater understanding of both the existing and changing natural and anthropogenic forcing mechanisms and subsequent responses of the Earth’s climate system. High-resolution, multi-parameter ice core records retrieved and analyzed from two Asian Ice Core Array (AICA) sites, Geladaindong (central Tibetan Plateau) and Inilchek (central Tien Shan) were utilized to reconstruct atmospheric chemical concentrations and composition over the past ~100-500 years, improving the understanding of late Holocene climate and environmental variability in Asia. Both ice cores were analyzed for major and trace elements, major soluble …
Tennessee Tornado Frequency, Vulnerability, And Relation To A Large-Scale Climate Variability, Vincent Marshall Brown
Tennessee Tornado Frequency, Vulnerability, And Relation To A Large-Scale Climate Variability, Vincent Marshall Brown
Masters Theses
This work explores the climatologies of isolated tornadoes and tornado outbreaks across the state of Tennessee, a state that in some years experiences more tornadoes than states in the heart of Tornado Alley. Part one assesses tornado frequency characteristics and fatality statistics within 100 km of three major Tennessee cities (Nashville, Memphis, and Knoxville) between 1950 and 2013. Nashville reported the most tornadoes, (426) but Memphis reported the most fatalities. Knoxville and Nashville tornadoes occurred on fewer days, while Memphis tornadoes were spread across more tornado days. Spring was the most active season for tornadoes, but Memphis still experienced approximately …
Water Resilient Cities: Climate Change, Infrastructure, Economies And Governance In The Great Lakes Basin, Wendy A. Kellogg
Water Resilient Cities: Climate Change, Infrastructure, Economies And Governance In The Great Lakes Basin, Wendy A. Kellogg
All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications
No abstract provided.
Climate Change, Infrastructure, Economies, And Governance In The Great Lakes Basin, Wendy A. Kellogg
Climate Change, Infrastructure, Economies, And Governance In The Great Lakes Basin, Wendy A. Kellogg
All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications
No abstract provided.
Everybody Counts Or Nobody Counts, Paul A. Craig, Michael N. Kotlarchyk, Sophia Maggelakis
Everybody Counts Or Nobody Counts, Paul A. Craig, Michael N. Kotlarchyk, Sophia Maggelakis
Academic Chairpersons Conference Proceedings
Like most campuses, we constantly deal with change at RIT, ranging from policy to climate. We believe everyone needs to feel valued - “Everybody Counts or Nobody Counts," and are attempting to build a supportive culture that includes individual and group mentoring, funding opportunities, and recognition.
Stable Isotope Paleolimnology Of Barry Lake, Ontario, Canada Since Ad - 1268, Zijun Liu
Stable Isotope Paleolimnology Of Barry Lake, Ontario, Canada Since Ad - 1268, Zijun Liu
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The paleolimnology of Barry Lake, SE Ontario, Canada is described using mineralogy, magnetic susceptibility, carbon:nitrogen ratio, mass accumulation rates, grain-size, δ18O and δ13C of authigenic calcite and mollusc aragonite, δ13C and δ15N of organic matter, and archival records. These sediments span the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), Little Ice Age (LIA), and human settlement. Interval I proxies (AD 1268-1350, MWP) indicate warmer and drier conditions and elevated lacustrine production. Interval II (AD 1350-1615) was cooler and wetter, with lower lacustrine production and low-oxygen conditions causing loss of shelly fauna. Interval III (AD 1615-1850, …
Experimental Evidence For Drought Induced Alternative Stable States Of Soil Moisture, David A. Robinson, Scott B. Jones, Inma Lebron, Sabine Reinsch, Maria T. Dominguez, Andrew R. Smith, Davey L. Jones, Miles R. Marshall, Bridget A. Emmett
Experimental Evidence For Drought Induced Alternative Stable States Of Soil Moisture, David A. Robinson, Scott B. Jones, Inma Lebron, Sabine Reinsch, Maria T. Dominguez, Andrew R. Smith, Davey L. Jones, Miles R. Marshall, Bridget A. Emmett
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
Ecosystems may exhibit alternative stable states (ASS) in response to environmental change. Modelling and observational data broadly support the theory of ASS, however evidence from manipulation experiments supporting this theory is limited. Here, we provide long-term manipulation and observation data supporting the existence of drought induced alternative stable soil moisture states (irreversible soil wetting) in upland Atlantic heath, dominated by Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. Manipulated repeated moderate summer drought, and intense natural summer drought both lowered resilience resulting in shifts in soil moisture dynamics. The repeated moderate summer drought decreased winter soil moisture retention by ∼10%. However, intense summer drought, …
2015 San Diego Regional Climate Collaborative Annual Report, San Diego Regional Climate Collaborative
2015 San Diego Regional Climate Collaborative Annual Report, San Diego Regional Climate Collaborative
San Diego Regional Climate Collaborative
The San Diego Regional Climate Collaborative is a network for public agencies that serves the San Diego region to share expertise, leverage resources and advance comprehensive solutions to facilitate climate change planning. By partnering with academia, nonprofits, and businesses, the SDRCC also works to leverage the profile of regional leadership. This is the 2015 San Diego Regional Climate Collaborative Annual Report.
Nres/Metr/Bsen 479/879: Hydroclimatology—A Peer Review Of Teaching Project Benchmark Portfolio, Francisco Munoz-Arriola
Nres/Metr/Bsen 479/879: Hydroclimatology—A Peer Review Of Teaching Project Benchmark Portfolio, Francisco Munoz-Arriola
UNL Faculty Course Portfolios
Rising temperatures and extreme hydrometeorological and climate events are evidences of a changing climate. An increasing population together with their demands for food, energy and water make changes in climate evidence the need to train a new generation of multidisciplinary professionals with a clear understanding of the effects of a changing climate in their activities. Historically, climate sciences were used for scientific and weather operational contexts and engineers applied stationary assumptions for multi-term planning. My goal is to identify elements built from classroom experiences about (a) the suitability of a hydroclimatology course for engineers and scientists; (b) the multidisciplinary skills; …
Petrography, Mineralogy, And Geochemistry Of Greenish- And Reddish-Gray Siltstones Straddling The Vertebrate-Defined Permian–Triassic Boundary In South Africa, Jiawen Li
Honors Theses
The Permian–Triassic Mass Extinction (PTME) is considered the largest in Earth’s history, yet the terrestrial response is not well understood. The Karoo Basin, South Africa, hosts abundant exposures of terrestrial deposits that span the Permian– Triassic Boundary (PTB). The terrestrial PTB is defined by a turnover in vertebrate assemblage zones and has been associated with a transition from greenish-gray to reddish-gray siltstone. The current PTME model states that the siltstone color change is a reflection of aridification and eolian deposition, which is believed to represent rapid climate change directly linked with the event. Greenish- and reddish-gray siltstones were collected from …
Not Only Climate: Interacting Drivers Of Treeline Change In Europe, Dominik Kulakowski, Ignacio Barbeito, Alejandro Casteller, Ryszard J. Kaczka, Peter Bebi
Not Only Climate: Interacting Drivers Of Treeline Change In Europe, Dominik Kulakowski, Ignacio Barbeito, Alejandro Casteller, Ryszard J. Kaczka, Peter Bebi
Geography
Treelines have long been recognized as important ecotones and likely harbingers of climate change. However, over the last century many treelines have been affected not only by global warming, but also by the interactions of climate, forest disturbance and the consequences of abrupt demographic and economic changes. Recent research has increasingly stressed how multiple ecological, biophysical, and human factors interact to shape ecological dynamics. Here we highlight the need to consider interactions among multiple drivers to more completely understand and predict treeline dynamics in Europe.
Changes In Wetland Conditions And Wetland Plant Communities In The Prairie Pothole Region After 50 Years, Ryann Cressey
Changes In Wetland Conditions And Wetland Plant Communities In The Prairie Pothole Region After 50 Years, Ryann Cressey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Wetlands in Stutsman County, North Dakota were revisited after 50 years to assess changes in wetland conditions and plant communities within wetland zones in the Prairie Pothole Region. In 1961-1966, Robert E. Stewart and Harold A. Kantrud conducted a study to investigate the relationship of wetland plant communities to variations of water permanence and chemistry on three study areas: Crystal Springs, Cottonwood, and Mt. Moriah. Within in this region, a severe drought occurred in 1988- 1992 followed by the longest deluge starting in 1993 with wetlands still impacted today. In 2013 and 2014, I revisited 80 of the original wetlands …
An Assessment Of Long-Term Changes In The Characterisitcs Of Precipitation In The Upper Midwest, Blake Steven Lea
An Assessment Of Long-Term Changes In The Characterisitcs Of Precipitation In The Upper Midwest, Blake Steven Lea
MSU Graduate Theses
As climate change progresses, many forecasts for the upper Midwest predict increases in annual precipitation, but with a shift in seasonal patterns that will leave the summer months drier with less frequent, higher magnitude storm events. Changes in precipitation patterns have the potential to alter the sediment budget and discharge patterns in watersheds. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects changes in frequency, magnitude, duration, and intensity of precipitation might have on streamflow and sediment budgets in the upper Midwest. This analysis was carried out using hourly precipitation data from 1948 to 2013 from 23 sites and …
Climate Change In The Dead Heart Of Australia, Joshua Larsen, Gerald C. Nanson, Timothy J. Cohen, Brian G. Jones, John D. Jansen, Jan-Hendrik May
Climate Change In The Dead Heart Of Australia, Joshua Larsen, Gerald C. Nanson, Timothy J. Cohen, Brian G. Jones, John D. Jansen, Jan-Hendrik May
Timothy Cohen
Despite the absence of large-scale glaciation, the Australian continent has experienced substantial environmental change throughout the Quaternary period. This is especially pronounced in central Australia, where one seventh of the continent is drained internally to the depocentre, and lowest point in Australia, Lake Eyre (Figure 1). Research has shown that at one time, large sandy braided and meandering rivers carried water through dunefields to a large freshwater lake system. Today, the rivers are hostage to the dunefield, and floodwaters might only reach Lake Eyre once every ten years or so. In order to understand the development of this arid desert …
An Integrated Drought Index (Idi) Incorporating Physical And Social Aspects, Rebecca L. Lanier
An Integrated Drought Index (Idi) Incorporating Physical And Social Aspects, Rebecca L. Lanier
Master's Theses
The purpose of this research was to determine significant bio-physical (physical and environmental) and social variables that can be integrated into a drought index to predict areas susceptible to drought. Severe drought events are capable of causing millions of dollars in damage. The 1988 drought caused the United States approximately $40 billion in damage. Drought forecasting, modeling, and detection have, therefore, become imperative to understand the social, economic and environmental impacts of droughts, and also to explore how these impacts play a role in the occurrence of a drought. A number of drought indices widely used in the U.S. rely …
Climate. A Period Of Consequence: Environmental Literature Of 2006 (2006), Shaun O’Connell
Climate. A Period Of Consequence: Environmental Literature Of 2006 (2006), Shaun O’Connell
New England Journal of Public Policy
The author talks about the consequences of not respecting the climate and understanding global warming will cause ecocide and our own extinction.
Reprinted from New England Journal of Public Policy 21, no. 2 (2007), article 5.
Models Describing The Sea Level Rise In Key West, Florida, Karm-Ervin Jean
Models Describing The Sea Level Rise In Key West, Florida, Karm-Ervin Jean
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Lately, we have been noticing an unusual rise in the sea level near many Floridian cities. By 2060, scientists believe that the sea level in the city of Key West will reach between 22.86 to 60.96 centimeters (Strauss et al. 2012). The consequences of sea level rise are unpleasant by gradually tearing away our beaches and natural resources, destroying our homes and businesses, etc. Definitively, a continual increase of the sea level will affect everyone either directly or indirectly.
In this study, the sea level measurements of four Floridian coastal cities (including Key West) are collected in order to describe …
Understanding Climate Change And Sea Level: A Case Study Of Middle School Student Comprehension And An Evaluation Of Tide Gauges Off The Panama Canal In The Pacific Ocean And Caribbean Sea, Juan Carlos Millan-Otoya
Understanding Climate Change And Sea Level: A Case Study Of Middle School Student Comprehension And An Evaluation Of Tide Gauges Off The Panama Canal In The Pacific Ocean And Caribbean Sea, Juan Carlos Millan-Otoya
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The present study had two main objectives. The first was to determine the degree of understanding of climate change, sea level and sea level rise among middle school students. Combining open-ended questions with likert-scaled questions, we identified student conceptions on these topics in 86 students from 7th and 8th grades during 2012 and 2013 before and after implementing a Curriculum Unit (CU). Additional information was obtained by adding drawings to the open-ended questions during the second year to gauge how student conceptions varied from a verbal and a visual perspective. Misconceptions were identified both pre- and post-CU among …
Sustainability@Bsu - Fall 2015, Center For Sustainability, Bridgewater State University
Sustainability@Bsu - Fall 2015, Center For Sustainability, Bridgewater State University
Center for Sustainability Magazine
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of Urbanization On The Embodied Energy Of Drinking Water In Tampa, Florida, Mark Vincent Eli Santana
The Effect Of Urbanization On The Embodied Energy Of Drinking Water In Tampa, Florida, Mark Vincent Eli Santana
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Increasing urbanization has serious implications for resource and energy use. One of these resources is drinking water. The increased amount of impervious surfaces associated with urban development is responsible for increased runoff during rain events, which may have a negative impact on the quality of nearby bodies of water, including drinking water sources. The growing populations associated with urbanization require a higher water demand. In addition, urban drinking water systems use energy to collect, treat, and distribute a safe reliable effluent to users. Therefore, this study focuses on the degree to which urbanization influences the embodied energy of drinking water …
Human Impacts On Fire In De Soto National Forest, Mississippi, U.S.A., Charles Raymond White
Human Impacts On Fire In De Soto National Forest, Mississippi, U.S.A., Charles Raymond White
Master's Theses
Fire is a common occurrence in the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests of the Southeast United States. Prescribed fire is used to manage these threatened ecosystems, but information regarding historical fire activity is unknown. My goals were to determine the historical fire regimes in De Soto National Forest (DSNF), southern Mississippi, and determine the influence of climate and land use history on fire activity at two study sites: Fern Gulley Ridge (FGR) and Death Scar Valley (DSV). The composite mean fire interval during the prescribed burning period (1980–2013) was 3.4 years. During settlements periods, fire intervals at FGR …