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Climate change

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Articles 1 - 30 of 1680

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Impact Of Snow Accumulation On Structural Integrity: Present And Future Perspectives, Kenneth K. Pomeyie Dec 2024

Impact Of Snow Accumulation On Structural Integrity: Present And Future Perspectives, Kenneth K. Pomeyie

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

In the United States, accommodating the weight of accumulated snow on buildings is a crucial consideration in building design. Engineers are tasked with determining the design snow load, which is defined as the weight of accumulated snow that a structure should withstand to limit the risk of building collapse to an acceptably low level. Typically, this process involves analyzing historical data of the annual maximum snow accumulations for each snow season. However, accurately assessing these design snow loads entails navigating through a series of statistical challenges. This dissertation, composed of three papers, is dedicated to addressing these statistical hurdles in …

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Regulating Shipping Of Carbon Dioxide For Sequestration, Carolina Arlota, Michael B. Gerrard Oct 2024

Regulating Shipping Of Carbon Dioxide For Sequestration, Carolina Arlota, Michael B. Gerrard

Faculty Scholarship

A number of facilities intended for permanent sequestration of carbon dioxide are being developed in the United States. Several will be located on or near the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, making them easily accessible to ships. Meanwhile, in Europe there is substantial interest in capturing carbon dioxide from industrial operations, but currently inadequate sequestration facilities, and growing interest in shipping carbon dioxide for sequestration in the United States. This Article reviews the main U.S. federal laws applicable to transportation and geologic storage of carbon dioxide, including laws enacted to implement relevant international treaties. The Article also contextualizes its …

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Implications For Grasslands Of The Response To Climate Change By The World Food System, Martin Parry, Cynthia Rosenzweig Sep 2024

Implications For Grasslands Of The Response To Climate Change By The World Food System, Martin Parry, Cynthia Rosenzweig

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

A recent and preliminary assessment of the sensitivity of the world food trade to climate change has indicated the following: Assuming {unrealistically} no adjustments in inputs, global food grains production in 2060 is estimated to be reduced by l-7% from the level that would be expected under a future without climate change. Food prices, including feedstock prices, are estimated lo be increased as a consequence, The implications of lhese changes for grassland production systems are considered. Two broad types of adjustmenls in inputs can be envisaged: firstly, on-farm responses of crop type and management and, secondly, national and international policy …

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Climate Change: Adapting Tropical And Subtropical Grasslands, G M. Mckeon, S M. Howden, N.O J. Abel, J M. King Sep 2024

Climate Change: Adapting Tropical And Subtropical Grasslands, G M. Mckeon, S M. Howden, N.O J. Abel, J M. King

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Climate change as a result of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations or lhe repetition of historical climale variability will affect the management and production of tropical and subtropical grasslands that support about half the world's domestic herbivores. Previous studies of the regional impact of climate change and climate variability on intensive agriculture have shown lhat such evaluation should include the known and expected abilities of managers and governments to respond by reducing the negative impacts and taking advantage of positive opportunities, A high priority for grassland scientists is the development of similar evaluation capabilities for grassland systems, which are more complex …

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Evaluating The Effects Of Climate Changes On Grasslands, Robert G. Woodmansee, William E. Riebsame Sep 2024

Evaluating The Effects Of Climate Changes On Grasslands, Robert G. Woodmansee, William E. Riebsame

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Determining the effects of climate change on cold region grasslands requires the integration of knowledge from the biological, physical and social sciences. That integration is dependent on new methods, technologies and facilitation techniques ! that allow evaluation and management of complexity rather than focusing on simplification. Specifically, grassland response can be defined as the interaction of 10 basic sectors: (I) wenther and climate (Including chemical factors}, (2) winter, (3) soil properties, (4) assemblages of organisms, (5) energy, (6) economic viability, (7) individual human behavior, (8) cultural and community viability, (9) organisational penalty, and (10) political, legal, policy, and regulatory Influences. …

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Prediction Of Grassland Plant Responses To Global Change, B D. Campbell, J P. Grime Sep 2024

Prediction Of Grassland Plant Responses To Global Change, B D. Campbell, J P. Grime

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Global change is challenging the predictive power of biology. Increasingly, biologists are being asked to draw together existing knowledge and new experimental data, in order to provide predictions of the effects of global change at regional, national and global scales. In this paper we examine how well global change effects on grassland plants can be predicted, and what avenues might be used in future to improve predictive capabilities. Broad predictions of the direction of change in grassland vegetation can be made quite simply and from a limited set of data. Predictions of the rate and magnitude of change are more …

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Variation In The Response Of Pasture Plants To Carbon Dioxide, B D. Campbell, W A. Laing, P.C D. Newton Sep 2024

Variation In The Response Of Pasture Plants To Carbon Dioxide, B D. Campbell, W A. Laing, P.C D. Newton

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The percentage increases in growth resulting from a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentration were measured for 37 common pasture plants under strictly controlled conditions of temperature, nutrient supply and irradiance. A wide range of variation in potential response lo CO2 was detected in the day/night temperature range 12n°c to 28/ 23°C. C4 species responded litlle to elevated CO2 The mean ± standard deviation of the distribution of c3 species responses ranged from l±21% at 1m•c to 90±40% at 28/23°C. These responses varied with the stage of plant development. The response by Lolium perenne cv. Grasslands Nui was of intermediate size …

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Will Subtropical Grasses Keep Spreading Through New Zealand?, B D. Campbell, R.J M. Hay Sep 2024

Will Subtropical Grasses Keep Spreading Through New Zealand?, B D. Campbell, R.J M. Hay

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

n this paper we briefly examine the effects that rising temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentrations may have on the spread of subtropical grasses in New Zealand. Data are presented from controlled-environment experiments measuring the growth and competitive suppression of white clover by a variety of local temperate and subtropical grasses at CO2 concentrations of 3S0 ppm and 700 ppm. These data support the prediction that some subtropical grasses may decline in aggressiveness relative to temperate species in New Zealand in the future as atmospheric CO2 levels rise. Some of the factors likely to modify the expression of temperature and CO2 …

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Effect Of Carbon Dioxide Concentration On The Competitive Ability Of Clover: Measurements Of Growth And Rubisco, W A. Laing, D H. Greer, B D. Campbell Sep 2024

Effect Of Carbon Dioxide Concentration On The Competitive Ability Of Clover: Measurements Of Growth And Rubisco, W A. Laing, D H. Greer, B D. Campbell

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

White clover (Trifolium repens cv. Grasslands Huia) was grown in competition with one of 10 established grass species or else grown alone. Plants were grown at either 350 or 700 ppm CO2, at 28/23°C and 700 µmol/m1/sec photon flux density. Plant growth and extractable ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisCO) were measured. Grass growth responded less to CO2 than clover. In the absence of grass competition, clover growth Increased 30% under 700 ppm CO2 compared with 350 ppm, but the response varied from 0% to 100% • when grass competition was present. Increased CO2 reduced extractable rubisCO activity (expressed on a …

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Response Of Natural Turves Of Pasture To Elevated Carbon Dioxide In A Controlled Environment, P.C D. Newton, H Clark, C C. Bell, E M. Glasgow Sep 2024

Response Of Natural Turves Of Pasture To Elevated Carbon Dioxide In A Controlled Environment, P.C D. Newton, H Clark, C C. Bell, E M. Glasgow

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Large natural turves from a ryegrass-white clover (Lolium pernne, trifolium repens) pasture were exposed to increasing day/nighl temperatures at 350 and 700 µVI CO2 over a 7•month period. Growth rate al the highest temperature (22/16°C day/night) was IS% higher at the elevated CO2 level; at lower temperatures the response to CO2 was reduced or even negative (-6% at 10/4°C). The growth rate of ryegrass was much lower at elevated CO2 while that of white clover and other grasses was increased. These results are compared with previous studies using synthetic communities, and the limited response to CO2 is noted …

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Effect Of Elevated Carbon Dioxide On The Performance Of Nine Coexisting Grassland Species, J Watson, J D. Graves Sep 2024

Effect Of Elevated Carbon Dioxide On The Performance Of Nine Coexisting Grassland Species, J Watson, J D. Graves

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Microcosms were constructed to represent a neutral grassland community under traditional agricultural management. During a season of fumigation at ambient and 600 µmot/mot CO2, plant performance was recorded. An increase of biomass for the whole community resulted at elevated CO2, but the response of individual species differed, There are indications that competitive interactions may change within a community due to the effects of CO2 enrichment; this may eventually result in a change in species composition.

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Comparison Of Photosynthetic Responses To Carbon Dioxide In Pasture Species, D H. Greer, W A. Laing, B D. Campbell Sep 2024

Comparison Of Photosynthetic Responses To Carbon Dioxide In Pasture Species, D H. Greer, W A. Laing, B D. Campbell

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Thirteen major pasture species were grown in controlled environments at 3 temperatures (12n, 18/13 and 28/23°C) and at 350 nnd 700 ppm CO2 for 4-8 weeks and net photosynthesis measured under these conditions. In C1 cultivars, short-term (within minutes) exposure to elevated CO2 had the greatest effect on photosynthesis, with an average of 55% higher rates than that at ambient CO2. There was also a response to long-term growth at high CO2, with a,1 average of 40% higher rates of photosynthesis than at ambient CO2 (both measured al their growth CO2) and a marked alteration in the temperature dependence Qf …

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Modeling The Effects Of Climate Variability And Climate Change On A Pastoral Farming System, R J. Martin, D B. Baird, M J. Salinger, P R. Van Gardingen, D G. Mccall Sep 2024

Modeling The Effects Of Climate Variability And Climate Change On A Pastoral Farming System, R J. Martin, D B. Baird, M J. Salinger, P R. Van Gardingen, D G. Mccall

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

A simulation model was used to investigate the pasture and animal production and gross margins of a typical all sheep permanent pasture farm in South Canterbury, New Zealand, using 60 years of current climate data, and also a climate change scenario. The model was run on a fixed management system at different stocking rates with and without destocking during feed shortages. Mean annual pasture production was 8060 kg/ha, with a coefficient of variation of 22%. Destocking enabled more stock to be carried on average, with higher, but rh.ore variable, returns. A climate change scenario of a 75% increase in CO2' …

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Changes To Sheep Grazing Systems In Response To Climate Change, B M. Butler, S T. Morris, R S. Morris Sep 2024

Changes To Sheep Grazing Systems In Response To Climate Change, B M. Butler, S T. Morris, R S. Morris

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Simulation models were used to predict changes in pasture growth and sheep farming systems as a result of changes in climate due to global warming. The results of long•lerm mean climate and 10 years' individual climate simulations show Iha! increases in stocking rate of up to 40% may be possible with climate change. Benefits of climate change included increased lamb carcass weight and pasture cover. Climate change also resulted in the feasibility of autumn lambing systems in an environment in which these systems are currently difficult lo maintain. A change from 100% spring lambing to 40% of the flock lambing …

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Climate Change And Variability: Impacts On New Zealand Pastures, M J. Salinger, A S. Porteous Sep 2024

Climate Change And Variability: Impacts On New Zealand Pastures, M J. Salinger, A S. Porteous

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Climate change and variability influence the productivity and distribution of New Zealand pasture species. Temperature and rainfall scenarios are used to explore the sensitivity of New Zealand pastures to potential climate warming next century. Temperature affects the length of the growing season with present pasture species extending 200 m higher in altitude for every 1 •c temperature increase. The greater area of New Zealand that becomes frost free allows the spread of subtropical pasture grasses southwards. However, where low rainfall limits pasture production, changes to the rainfall amount have a significant effect. A rainfall change of I 0% changes the …

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A Climate Change Perspective On Grasslands, A Barrie Pottock Sep 2024

A Climate Change Perspective On Grasslands, A Barrie Pottock

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Grasslands are the result of interactions between climate, soil, interspecies competition and natural or humnn distucbance. They are vital to human sustenance but vulnerable to human mismanagement and climatic stress.• Thece is now a strong scientific consensus that climate will change during the next century at a rate unprecedented since the end of the last glaciation. Expected climatic changes include not only increasing temperatures, but also changes in total rainfall and its seasonality, and systematic increases in rainfall intensity. Along with the direct effects of increasing carbon dioxide concentrations on plants, and changes in fire frequency, these environmental influences will …

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Exploring The Correlation Between Climate Change And Influenza Activity In The Northeast United States, 2003-2023, Emily M. Posadas Sep 2024

Exploring The Correlation Between Climate Change And Influenza Activity In The Northeast United States, 2003-2023, Emily M. Posadas

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The influenza virus is influenced by a myriad of complex interactions with human and environmental factors, with changing climate patterns having significant effects on the health status of a population. This study investigates the correlation between climate change and influenza activity in the northeast United States from 2003 to 2023, providing insight and understanding into the interaction between the two variables. The anthropogenic factors that have contributed to climate change are recognized, and circulating seasonal and avian influenza viruses are discussed within the context of climate change. The investigation of the correlation between climate change and influenza activity across this …

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High Mountain Ecosystems And Snow Cover In A Changing Climate: For Better Or For Worse, Philippe Choler Sep 2024

High Mountain Ecosystems And Snow Cover In A Changing Climate: For Better Or For Worse, Philippe Choler

FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments

No abstract provided.

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Building Community Resillience To Extreme Heat: Lessons Learned From Spokane, Wa Community Conversations, Anna Reed, Brian G. Henning, Marina Cortes Espinosa, Hannah Mckinley, Tania Busch Isaksen Sep 2024

Building Community Resillience To Extreme Heat: Lessons Learned From Spokane, Wa Community Conversations, Anna Reed, Brian G. Henning, Marina Cortes Espinosa, Hannah Mckinley, Tania Busch Isaksen

Climate, Water, and the Environment Research

Heat is the primary cause of weather-related mortality in the United States. The 2021 Northwest Heat Dome highlighted this susceptibility. In Washington State, 159 excess deaths were attributed to the 7-day period of unprecedented extreme heat between June 26th and July 2nd. This impact was felt even in some of the more acclimatized parts of the state, like Spokane County, where 19 heat-related deaths were reported. As climate change increases the frequency, duration, and intensity of extreme heat events, creating and sustaining heat-resilient communities has become an urgent public health priority. On 6 June 2023, Gonzaga University, in partnership with …

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Supplementary Files For "Impact Of Snow Accumulation On Structural Integrity: Present And Future Perspectives", Kenneth Pomeyie, Brennan Bean Sep 2024

Supplementary Files For "Impact Of Snow Accumulation On Structural Integrity: Present And Future Perspectives", Kenneth Pomeyie, Brennan Bean

Browse all Datasets

Evaluating the impact of weight exerted by settled snow (i.e., snow load) on structures poses numerous statistical challenges, including missing data, biased distribution parameters, and the influence of climate change. This dissertation aims to address challenges related to the use both direct and indirect measurements of snow load (or equivalently, snow water equivalent), as well as the anticipated impact of climate change on future extreme snow loads. The first paper within this dissertation investigates short-term snow loads by comparing various techniques for estimating extreme values of short-term snow accumulations. Additionally, the first paper includes a comparative analysis of short-term and …

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Coastal Flood Risk In The Context Of Climate Change And Urbanization In Northeastern South Carolina, Hongyuan Zhang Sep 2024

Coastal Flood Risk In The Context Of Climate Change And Urbanization In Northeastern South Carolina, Hongyuan Zhang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Researchers and the public now widely recognize the seriousness of coastal flood risks. Various changes in natural processes, such as altered rainfall patterns, increased tropical cyclone intensities, and sea-level rise, are consequences of global warming induced by heightened greenhouse gas concentrations. To comprehensively understand coastal compound flooding, it is crucial to consider multiple processes and their interactions. Moreover, the growth of coastal cities and the concentration of people and assets in these areas make them increasingly vulnerable to flooding events. Accurately estimating the future flood risks faced by coastal communities necessitates addressing the compounding effects on coastal flood risk, taking …

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Simulation Models As Decision Aids For Management Of Rangeland Ecosystems, J Ross Wight, Clayton L. Hanson Aug 2024

Simulation Models As Decision Aids For Management Of Rangeland Ecosystems, J Ross Wight, Clayton L. Hanson

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Rangeland simulation models have been used primarily as research tools to synthesise and organise information and to conceptualise and describe the interacting components of the ecosystem. Their application as decision aids for range management has not been developed. This paper discusses ways simulation models, such as SPUR· (Simulation of Production and Utilisation of Rangelands), can be used to forecast herbage p1oduction and the occurrence of biological windows, enhance monitoring, and predict the impacts of management and climate change on the soil, water, and plant resources including species composition.

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Climate Change And Its Impact On Health: A Global Collaborative Learning Model, Harriet Okatch, Patricia Remshifski, Anita Fennessey, Haley Campbell, Sivia Barnoy, Jason Friedman, Stephen Kern, Rosemary Frasso, Cecilia Sorensen, Tami Bar-Shalita, Louis Hunter Aug 2024

Climate Change And Its Impact On Health: A Global Collaborative Learning Model, Harriet Okatch, Patricia Remshifski, Anita Fennessey, Haley Campbell, Sivia Barnoy, Jason Friedman, Stephen Kern, Rosemary Frasso, Cecilia Sorensen, Tami Bar-Shalita, Louis Hunter

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

To address the health effects of climate change, leaders in healthcare have called for action to integrate climate adaptation and mitigation into training programs for health professionals. However, current educators may not possess sufficient climate literacy and the expertise to effectively include such content in their respective healthcare curricula. We, an international and interprofessional partnership, collaborated with experts to develop and deploy curriculum to increase health educators' and graduate health profession students' knowledge and competencies on climate change. In a tri-step process, the first phase included recruiting interested faculty members from two institutions and varying health professions. In phase two, …

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Projected Climate Change Impacts On The Number Of Dry And Very Heavy Precipitation Days By Century’S End: A Case Study Of Iran’S Metropolises, Rasoul Asfari, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Ali Hosseini, Moses Karakouzian Aug 2024

Projected Climate Change Impacts On The Number Of Dry And Very Heavy Precipitation Days By Century’S End: A Case Study Of Iran’S Metropolises, Rasoul Asfari, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Ali Hosseini, Moses Karakouzian

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

This study explores the impacts of climate change on the number of dry days and very heavy precipitation days within Iran’s metropolises. Focusing on Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz, the research utilizes the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) Global Circulation Models (GCMs) to predict future precipitation conditions under various Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) from 2025 to 2100. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how climate change will affect precipitation patterns in these major cities. Findings indicate that the SSP126 scenario typically results in the highest number of dry days, suggesting that …

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Comprehensive Climate Vulnerability Assessment Of A Regional Karst Landscape For Hazard Mitigation Planning, Kara Brunot Aug 2024

Comprehensive Climate Vulnerability Assessment Of A Regional Karst Landscape For Hazard Mitigation Planning, Kara Brunot

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Climate change is the global phenomena affecting all sectors of society by creating conditions more conducive for the occurrence of extreme weather events. It is projected that the intensity and frequency of events will increase. Flooding, in particular, is projected to increase in frequency due to more intense precipitation events. Karst landscapes are especially vulnerable to climate change impacts because of their unique hydrology and geology. Karst flooding is most likely to occur from prolonged or intense rain events, which climate change will likely make more feasible. Areas are disproportionately affected by climate change due to population demographics and environmental …

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Towards Green Cities As An Approach To Achieve Climate Change Adaptation, Noha H. Hefnawy Nouran M. Ibrahim Jul 2024

Towards Green Cities As An Approach To Achieve Climate Change Adaptation, Noha H. Hefnawy Nouran M. Ibrahim

Journal of Engineering Research

Climate change is a complicated problem and there is an urgent need for climate change adaptation. Cities are the primary drivers of social, economic, and technical progress. Green Cities are cities that show high environmental performance relative to adapting risks derived from climate change while maximizing the economic and social co-benefits. The Authors adopted a data collection strategy to review the issues, and difficulties caused by climate change and how green cities could assist in addressing them, then adopted a case study analysis to analyze the strategies used by Sharm El Sheikh in the transition to green city. The study …

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A Comparative Analysis In Energy Efficiency In Buildings To Support Clean Energy Transitions In Architecture, Nourhane M. El-Haridi Jul 2024

A Comparative Analysis In Energy Efficiency In Buildings To Support Clean Energy Transitions In Architecture, Nourhane M. El-Haridi

Journal of Engineering Research

Over the past few decades, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of energy efficiency policies in designing buildings for supporting clean energy transitions. Buildings account for a significant share of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and improving their energy efficiency in the design phase can reduce energy use and emissions, while also providing numerous other benefits such as cost savings, improved comfort and health, and job creation. Many countries have already implemented energy efficiency policies in buildings, such as building codes, standards, labeling schemes, and financial incentives in addition to governmental regulations. Since the governments …

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Artificial Carbon Sequestration In Utah, Signee Storrud, Kendall Becker, Scott Hotaling Jul 2024

Artificial Carbon Sequestration In Utah, Signee Storrud, Kendall Becker, Scott Hotaling

All Current Publications

Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas that helps keep Earth warm and habitable. But since humans began burning large quantities of fossil fuels during the Industrial Revolution, there has been a rapid increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide from approximately 280 parts per million in 1750 to more than 420 parts per million in 2024. Natural carbon storage processes have been unable to keep up with humans’ carbon dioxide emissions, and the sudden rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide has led to rapid global warming and climate change. One climate adaptation tool that may help rebalance Earth’s carbon cycle is artificial …

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A Seasonal Decomposition Comparison Between Forest And Turf Habitats: Implications For Climate Change, Amanda Shirmer Jul 2024

A Seasonal Decomposition Comparison Between Forest And Turf Habitats: Implications For Climate Change, Amanda Shirmer

DePaul Discoveries

Decomposition is an essential ecosystem service in which microorganisms breakdown organic matter. This process improves soil health and acts as a vital step in global carbon cycles. In this study, we examined decomposition rates and associated soil properties in turf and forest habitats across summer and fall seasons in order to determine how land management practices and climate change may be altering local decomposition regimes. Our study determined that there was a statistically significant difference between decomposition rates in turf and forest ecosystems (P=0.003) and a significant difference in decomposition rate across season (P

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Changes To Tropical Cyclone Trajectories In Southeast Asia Under A Warming Climate, Andra J. Garner, Dhrubajyoti Samanta, Mackenzie M. Weaver, Benjamin P. Horton Jul 2024

Changes To Tropical Cyclone Trajectories In Southeast Asia Under A Warming Climate, Andra J. Garner, Dhrubajyoti Samanta, Mackenzie M. Weaver, Benjamin P. Horton

School of Earth & Environment Departmental Research

The impacts of tropical cyclones (TCs) on Southeast Asia’s coastlines are acute due to high population densities in low-lying coastal environments. However, the trajectories of TCs are uncertain in a warming climate. Here, we assess >64,000 simulated TCs from the nineteenth century to the end of the twenty-first century for both moderate- and high-emissions scenarios. Results suggest changes to TC trajectories in Southeast Asia, including: (1) poleward shifts in both genesis and peak intensification rates; (2) TC formation and fastest intensification closer to many coastlines; (3) increased likelihoods of TCs moving most slowly over mainland Southeast Asia; and (4) TC …

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