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Articles 421 - 450 of 656

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Model-Based Sectorization Of Water Distribution Networks For Increased Energy Efficiency, Mario E. Castro Gama, Pan Quan, Andreja Jonoski, Carlo Chiesa Aug 2014

Model-Based Sectorization Of Water Distribution Networks For Increased Energy Efficiency, Mario E. Castro Gama, Pan Quan, Andreja Jonoski, Carlo Chiesa

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Efficient management of water supply systems is nowadays one of the most important challenges for water utilities. Common efficiency gains in such systems can be achieved by reducing the leakages and by reducing the energy consumption. For the case of minimization of energy consumption a new technique for sectorization and efficient pressure management is presented, based on water distribution modeling and optimization. The technique is applicable to situations when energy consumption reduction can be achieved by dividing a large Pressure Management Zone (PMZ) in smaller, but more efficient PMZs, or sectors. It consists of three steps: 1) An initial selection …

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Flood Resilience Assessment In Urban Drainage Systems Through Multi-Objective Optimisation, Carlos Martínez-Cano, Beheshtah Toloh, Arlex Sanchez-Torres, Zoran Vojinović, Damir Brdjanovic Aug 2014

Flood Resilience Assessment In Urban Drainage Systems Through Multi-Objective Optimisation, Carlos Martínez-Cano, Beheshtah Toloh, Arlex Sanchez-Torres, Zoran Vojinović, Damir Brdjanovic

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

In future years, economic development, urbanisation and heavy rainfall events are expected to increase in urban areas, in particular in developing countries. It is well known that urban development has a strong impact on the water cycle such as increase of flood peaks and volume, decrease of base flow, hydraulic stress and water pollution. Resilience measures are still needed to improve urban flood risk, the possibilities to provide indicators that could be used to characterize urban resilience related to flooding is outmost importance. The work described here presents an optimisation framework for urban drainage rehabilitation that incorporates in the decision …

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Using Multi-Scale Uncertainty Information And Specific Forecast Skill To Improve Reservoir Operations, Thomas S. Lowry, Nathalie Voisin, Mark S. Wigmosta Aug 2014

Using Multi-Scale Uncertainty Information And Specific Forecast Skill To Improve Reservoir Operations, Thomas S. Lowry, Nathalie Voisin, Mark S. Wigmosta

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Optimization of reservoir operations to time series of forecasted inflows are constrained by a set of multiple objectives that span many time scales, however the temporally evolving skill of the forecasts are usually not considered in the objective functions. For example, a flow forecast time series extending from 1 day to 6 months consists of a medium range flow forecast that draws its skill from initial conditions and weather forecasts and a seasonal flow forecast that relies on the initial conditions only. The skill of the medium range flow forecast is the daily and aggregated values with a range of …

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Hybrid Control-Oriented Modeling Of Combined Sewer Networks: Barcelona Case Study, Bernat Joseph-Duran, Carlos Ocampo-Martinez, Gabriela Cembrano Aug 2014

Hybrid Control-Oriented Modeling Of Combined Sewer Networks: Barcelona Case Study, Bernat Joseph-Duran, Carlos Ocampo-Martinez, Gabriela Cembrano

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

A hybrid linear model for real-time optimization-based control of a combined sewer network has been developed to be used for the minimization of pollution during storm events. The model takes into account delays and attenuation in sewers together with piecewise linear approximations for flow over weirs, overflows in junctions and flow re-entering the network after overflows. Using the proposed model, an Optimal Control Problem (OCP) is formulated, which can be efficiently solved by means of a mixed integer linear or quadratic programming problem. The performance of a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy solving consecutive OCPs is assessed by means of …

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Efficient Methods For Optimizing Hydropower Under Uncertainty, Timothy Michael Magee Jr., Edith A. Zagona, Mitch Clement Aug 2014

Efficient Methods For Optimizing Hydropower Under Uncertainty, Timothy Michael Magee Jr., Edith A. Zagona, Mitch Clement

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

There are several sources of uncertainty in scheduling hydropower: reservoir inflows, power generation, demand and value, and the value of water remaining in storage at the end of the planning horizon. RiverWare is an object oriented modeling tool widely used for the operations and planning of large and small systems of reservoirs. Typically, short term optimization of hydropower is complicated by the need to meet a wide variety of prioritized non-power constraints and RiverWare is designed to satisfy these constraints to the extent possible. We present four different approaches that use deterministic methods combined with uncertainty models to efficiently optimize …

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Optimization Of Groundwater Remediation With New Efficient Parallel Algorithm For Global Optimization, Min Pang, Christine A. Shoemaker Aug 2014

Optimization Of Groundwater Remediation With New Efficient Parallel Algorithm For Global Optimization, Min Pang, Christine A. Shoemaker

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Application of optimization algorithm to PDE modeling groundwater remediation can greatly reduce remediation cost. However, groundwater remediation analysis requires a computational expensive simulation, therefore, effective parallel optimization could potentially greatly reduce computational expense. The optimization algorithm used in this research is Parallel Stochastic radial basis function. This is designed for global optimization of computationally expensive functions with multiple local optima and it does not require derivatives. In each iteration of the algorithm, an RBF is updated based on all the evaluated points in order to approximate expensive function. Then the new RBF surface is used to generate the next set …

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An Optimization Model For Prioritizing Sewerage Maintenance Scheduling, Juan David Torres Turriago, Juan Pablo Rodriguez, Juan David Palacio Aug 2014

An Optimization Model For Prioritizing Sewerage Maintenance Scheduling, Juan David Torres Turriago, Juan Pablo Rodriguez, Juan David Palacio

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Water utility companies, responsible for providing water supply and sewerage services to the urban population, are constantly seeking to improve their service.In the case of sewer systems, effective scheduling of preventive maintenance of urban water infrastructure has been identified as an important activity in order to reduce costs and protect the integrity of citizens and the surrounding, both built and natural, environments. Consequently, with particular focus on Bogotá (Colombia), we developed an optimization model that generates a preventive maintenance plan on a set of zones withinthe city. These zones have in common a high failure probability over a defined time …

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Short-Term Hydropower Optimization Using A Time-Decomposition Algorithm, Jonathan R. Lamontagne, Jery Russell Stedinger Aug 2014

Short-Term Hydropower Optimization Using A Time-Decomposition Algorithm, Jonathan R. Lamontagne, Jery Russell Stedinger

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Hydropower operations optimization models select a sequence of releases from one or more reservoirs that maximizes the expected benefit while honoring many social and environmental constraints. A 3-tiered time-decomposition algorithm is adopted to compute optimal sub-daily releases for the Harris Station reservoir in Maine, USA. This involves solving nested optimization models, each with a different planning horizon and time-step, where the longer-term planning models inform the shorter-term models. This allows for rapid optimization of short-term operations, while efficiently considering seasonal objectives and constraints. In the case study presented, 6-hr release decisions in a weekly model are made by iteratively solving …

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A Simulation Based Optimal Control System For Water Resources, Asier Lacasta, Mario Morales-Hernández, Pilar Brufau, Pilar García-Navarro Aug 2014

A Simulation Based Optimal Control System For Water Resources, Asier Lacasta, Mario Morales-Hernández, Pilar Brufau, Pilar García-Navarro

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Nowadays, the increasing demand of water resources has become one of the most relevant issues when water supply must be guaranteed as in the case of irrigation comunities. It becomes difficult to provide the predictive optimal behavior of regulation structures when the regime of the flow is changing in time and, moreover, when this regulation modifies the hydraulic conditions of the structure. One of the most widely used solution for control is PID. The disadvantages of PID control are the difficulties in the presence of non-linearities as well as the PID parameters tuning. Taking into account previous works about sluice …

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Swmm5-Ea – A Tool For Learning Optimization Of Urban Drainage And Sewerage Systems With Genetic Algorithms, Assela Pathirana Aug 2014

Swmm5-Ea – A Tool For Learning Optimization Of Urban Drainage And Sewerage Systems With Genetic Algorithms, Assela Pathirana

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

In spite of the developments in the application of evolutionary algorithms in the urban water sector, it is not widely used by practitioners in their day to day work. A reason for this underutilization is the lack of accessible optimization tools. The available limited options, on the one extreme, are characterized by tools for very specific applications (e.g. pipe sizing): While these provide useful optimization applications in specific domains, they are too restrictive in the range of application. The other extreme is to `glue-together’ a general purpose EA library and other required algorithms (e.g. an urban drainage simulation model) using …

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Multi-Objective Pipe Smoothing Genetic Algorithm For Water Distribution Network Design, Matthew Barrie Johns, Edward C. Keedwell, Dragan A. Savić Aug 2014

Multi-Objective Pipe Smoothing Genetic Algorithm For Water Distribution Network Design, Matthew Barrie Johns, Edward C. Keedwell, Dragan A. Savić

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

This paper describes the formulation of a Multi-objective Pipe Smoothing Genetic Algorithm (MOPSGA) and its application to the least cost water distribution network design problem. Evolutionary Algorithms have been widely utilised for the optimisation of both theoretical and real-world non-linear optimisation problems, including water system design and maintenance problems. In this work we present a pipe smoothing based approach to the creation and mutation of chromosomes which utilises engineering expertise with the view to increasing the performance of the algorithm whilst promoting engineering feasibility within the population of solutions. MOPSGA is based upon the standard Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) …

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A Novel Decision Support System For Optimized Sewer Infrastructure Asset Management, Ben Ward, Dragan A. Savić Aug 2014

A Novel Decision Support System For Optimized Sewer Infrastructure Asset Management, Ben Ward, Dragan A. Savić

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

This paper approaches the sewerage asset management challenge from a UK perspective by outlining a comprehensive methodology capable of optimising the performance of sewerage infrastructure networks using a series of Hydroinformatic tools. In order to define, evaluate and forecast the future performance of sewerage assets, a unique deterioration model is established to predict the future condition of the network. The model analyses historic CCTV survey information to identify deterioration trends based on key pipe characteristics. Against, this improved understanding of past, current and future condition, a collapse rate is predicted by correlating historic failures against the observed sewer condition profiles. …

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An Optimization And Decision Support Tool For Long-Term Strategies In The Transformation Of Urban Water Infrastructure, Theo G. Schmitt, Silja Worreschk, Inka Kaufmann Alves, Frank Herold, Clemens Thielen Aug 2014

An Optimization And Decision Support Tool For Long-Term Strategies In The Transformation Of Urban Water Infrastructure, Theo G. Schmitt, Silja Worreschk, Inka Kaufmann Alves, Frank Herold, Clemens Thielen

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Predicted climatic, demographic and socio-economic developments cause major adaptions of urban water infrastructures. The central water supply and wastewater systems in Europe do not meet the increased requirements of resource efficiency and sustainability anymore. Especially in rural areas predicted demographic change and the particular differentiated settlement structure affect the functionality of present water infrastructures. These new challenges require extensive and flexible adaptions or even a long-term and dynamic system change of urban infrastructures. These long-term transformations of infrastructure systems require the design of innovative strategies. In the project presented, environmental engineers together with city planners, mathematicians and computer scientists develop …

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Effective Data Management Enables Intelligent Utility Management, Gary L.S. Wong Aug 2014

Effective Data Management Enables Intelligent Utility Management, Gary L.S. Wong

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Instrumentation and automation plays a vital role to managing the water industry. These systems generate vast amounts of data that must be effectively managed in order to enable intelligent decision making. Time series data management software, commonly known as data historians are used for collecting and managing real-time (time series) information. More advanced software solutions provide a data infrastructure or utility wide Operations Data Management System (ODMS) that stores, manages, calculates, displays, shares, and integrates data from multiple disparate automation and business systems that are used daily in water utilities. These ODMS solutions are proven and have the ability to …

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Development Of A Model-Based Decision Support System For Water Treatment In Smart Micro Water Grid, Hyeongrak Cho, Jungwoo Jung, Sangho Lee, Soo Kwen Chae Aug 2014

Development Of A Model-Based Decision Support System For Water Treatment In Smart Micro Water Grid, Hyeongrak Cho, Jungwoo Jung, Sangho Lee, Soo Kwen Chae

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Micro water grid (MWG) is an emerging concept for decentralized water management system for residential, industrial, commercial, and institutional buildings. MWG achieves specific local goals, such as reliability, diversification of water sources, and cost reduction. Unlike micro electricity grid, MWG has not been well-established, leading to a problem of initial design and operation. Thus, a MWG system requires a “smart” infrastructure that allows autonomous control and regulation. In this study, a decision support system (DSS) was designed to select optimum combinations of water treatment unit processes in MWG. To begin, key questions on water treatment in MWG systems were identified. …

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Reducing Carbon Emission Of Ocean Shipments By Optimizing Container Size Selection, Edwin Lik Ming Chong, Nang Laik Ma, Kar Way Tan Aug 2014

Reducing Carbon Emission Of Ocean Shipments By Optimizing Container Size Selection, Edwin Lik Ming Chong, Nang Laik Ma, Kar Way Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Human’s impact on earth through global warming is more or less an accepted fact. Ocean freight is estimated to contribute 4-5% of global carbon emissions and manufacturing companies can aid in reducing this amount. Many companies that ship goods through full container loads do not have the capabilities to ensure the containers they are using minimizes their carbon footprint. One of the reasons is the choice of non-ideal container sizes for their shipments. This paper provides a mathematical model to minimize companies’ shipping carbon footprints by selecting the ideal container sizes appropriate for their shipment volumes. Using data from a …

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Organic Fluids And Passive Cooling In A Supercritical Rankine Cycle For Power Generation From Low Grade Heat Sources, Rachana Vidhi Jul 2014

Organic Fluids And Passive Cooling In A Supercritical Rankine Cycle For Power Generation From Low Grade Heat Sources, Rachana Vidhi

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Low grade heat sources have a large amount of thermal energy content. Due to low temperature, the conventional power generation technologies result in lower efficiency and hence cannot be used. In order to efficiently generate power, alternate methods need to be used. In this study, a supercritical organic Rankine cycle was used for heat source temperatures varying from 125°C to 200°C. Organic refrigerants with zero ozone depletion potential and their mixtures were selected as working fluid for this study while the cooling water temperature was changed from 10-25°C. Operating pressure of the cycle has been optimized for each fluid at …

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Optimal Acceleration Thresholds For Non-Holonomic Agents, Brian Ricks, Parris K. Egbert Jun 2014

Optimal Acceleration Thresholds For Non-Holonomic Agents, Brian Ricks, Parris K. Egbert

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Finding optimal trajectories for non-accelerating, non-holonomic agents is a well-understood problem. However, in video games, robotics, and crowd simulations non-holonomic agents start and stop frequently. With the vision of improving crowd simulation, we find optimal paths for virtual agents accelerating from a standstill. These paths are designed for the “ideal”, initial stage of planning when obstacles are ignored. We analytically derive paths and arrival times using arbitrary acceleration angle thresholds. We use these paths and arrival times to find an agent’s optimal ideal path. We then numerically calculate the decision surface that can be used by an application at run-time …

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An Integral Framework For Sustainable Building Design, Bushra Asfari Jun 2014

An Integral Framework For Sustainable Building Design, Bushra Asfari

Masters Theses

Selection of materials for building design is a delicate process hinged of a number of factors which can be cost or environmental related, depending on the objectives of the design. This process becomes more difficult when designers are faced with several material options for each building component. This thesis presents the design and development of a framework that enables designers understand the trade-off between cost and environmental related factors when selecting materials for building design. The framework is based on the integration of Autodesk Revit, Microsoft access, and modeling modified Harmony search multi-objective optimization tool adapted to account for material …

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Indefinite Knapsack Separable Quadratic Programming: Methods And Applications, Jaehwan Jeong May 2014

Indefinite Knapsack Separable Quadratic Programming: Methods And Applications, Jaehwan Jeong

Doctoral Dissertations

Quadratic programming (QP) has received significant consideration due to an extensive list of applications. Although polynomial time algorithms for the convex case have been developed, the solution of large scale QPs is challenging due to the computer memory and speed limitations. Moreover, if the QP is nonconvex or includes integer variables, the problem is NP-hard. Therefore, no known algorithm can solve such QPs efficiently. Alternatively, row-aggregation and diagonalization techniques have been developed to solve QP by a sub-problem, knapsack separable QP (KSQP), which has a separable objective function and is constrained by a single knapsack linear constraint and box constraints. …

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Waveforms For Optimal Sub-Kev High-Order Harmonics With Synthesized Two- Or Three-Colour Laser Fields, Cheng Jin, Guoli Wang, Hui Wei, Anh-Thu Le, C. D. Lin May 2014

Waveforms For Optimal Sub-Kev High-Order Harmonics With Synthesized Two- Or Three-Colour Laser Fields, Cheng Jin, Guoli Wang, Hui Wei, Anh-Thu Le, C. D. Lin

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

High-order harmonics extending to the X-ray region generated in a gas medium by intense lasers offer the potential for providing tabletop broadband light sources but so far are limited by their low conversion efficiency. Here we show that harmonics can be enhanced by one to two orders of magnitude without an increase in the total laser power if the laser's waveform is optimized by synthesizing two- or three-colour fields. The harmonics thus generated are also favourably phase-matched so that radiation is efficiently built up in the gas medium. Our results, combined with the emerging intense high-repetition MHz lasers, promise to …

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Methods For Quantitative Local Structure Analysis Of Crystalline Materials Employing High Performance Computing, Tara Marie Michels-Clark May 2014

Methods For Quantitative Local Structure Analysis Of Crystalline Materials Employing High Performance Computing, Tara Marie Michels-Clark

Doctoral Dissertations

A fundamental computational methodology was investigated to extract quantitative local structure information from single crystal diffuse scattering data. The principles of a highly efficient, parallelizable local structure analysis using massively parallel computing resources at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are demonstrated on an organic hydrocarbon compound containing stacking faults, Tris(bicyclo[2.1.1]hexeno)benzene. A probabilistic model of the stacking variations with a five layer interaction depth was developed. The final model structure motif statistics are verified using the steady state distribution of Markov matrix representing the four to five layer transitions. The computations revealed that highly parallelizable “structure-clones” could replace less computationally efficient …

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Poisson Distributed Individuals Control Charts With Optimal Limits, Negin Enayaty Ahangar May 2014

Poisson Distributed Individuals Control Charts With Optimal Limits, Negin Enayaty Ahangar

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The conventional method used in attribute control charts is the Shewhart three sigma limits. The implicit assumption of the Normal distribution in this approach is not appropriate for skewed distributions such as Poisson, Geometric and Negative Binomial. Normal approximations perform poorly in the tail area of the these distributions. In this research, a type of attribute control chart is introduced to monitor the processes that provide count data. The economic objective of this chart is to minimize the cost of its errors which is determined by the designer. This objective is a linear function of type I and II errors. …

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Economic Growth Assumptions In Climate And Energy Policy, Nir Y. Krakauer Mar 2014

Economic Growth Assumptions In Climate And Energy Policy, Nir Y. Krakauer

Publications and Research

The assumption that the economic growth seen in recent decades will continue has dominated the discussion of future greenhouse gas emissions and the mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. Given that long-term economic growth is uncertain, the impacts of a wide range of growth trajectories should be considered. In particular, slower economic growth would imply that future generations will be relatively less able to invest in emissions controls or adapt to the detrimental impacts of climate change. Taking into consideration the possibility of economic slowdown therefore heightens the urgency of reducing greenhouse gas emissions now by moving to renewable …

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High Multiplicity Strip Packing, Devin Price Mar 2014

High Multiplicity Strip Packing, Devin Price

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

An instance of the two-dimensional strip packing problem is specified by n rectangular items, each having a width, 0 < wn ≤ 1, and height, 0 < hn ≤ 1. The objective is to place these items into a strip of width 1, without rotations, such that they are nonoverlapping and the total height of the resulting packing is minimized. In this thesis, we consider the version of the two-dimensional strip packing problem where there is a constant number K of distinct rectangle sizes and present an OPT + K - 1 polynomial-time approximation algorithm for it. This beats a previous algorithm …

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Scheduling And Resource Allocation In Wireless Sensor Networks, Yosef Alayev Feb 2014

Scheduling And Resource Allocation In Wireless Sensor Networks, Yosef Alayev

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In computer science and telecommunications, wireless sensor networks are an active research area. Each sensor in a wireless sensor network has some pre-defined or on demand tasks such as collecting or disseminating data. Network resources, such as broadcast channels, number of sensors, power, battery life, etc., are limited. Hence, a schedule is required to optimally allocate network resources so as to maximize some profit or minimize some cost. This thesis focuses on scheduling problems in the wireless sensor networks environment. In particular, we study three scheduling problems in the wireless sensor networks: broadcast scheduling, sensor scheduling for area monitoring, and …

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Using Prior Knowledge And Learning From Experience In Estimation Of Distribution Algorithms, Mark Walter Hauschild Jan 2014

Using Prior Knowledge And Learning From Experience In Estimation Of Distribution Algorithms, Mark Walter Hauschild

Dissertations

Estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs) are stochastic optimization techniques that explore the space of potential solutions by building and sampling explicit probabilistic models of promising candidate solutions. One of the primary advantages of EDAs over many other stochastic optimization techniques is that after each run they leave behind a sequence of probabilistic models describing useful decompositions of the problem. This sequence of models can be seen as a roadmap of how the EDA solves the problem. While this roadmap holds a great deal of information about the problem, until recently this information has largely been ignored. My thesis is that …

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Errata And Comments For Methods Of Statistical Model Estimation, Joseph M. Hilbe, Andew P. Robinson Jan 2014

Errata And Comments For Methods Of Statistical Model Estimation, Joseph M. Hilbe, Andew P. Robinson

Joseph M Hilbe

Errata and comments for Hilbe and Robinson's Methods of Statistical Model Estimation, Chapman & Hall/CRC (2013)

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Degradation Of Hydrazine And Monomethylhydrazine For Fuel Waste Streams Using Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Carolina Franco Jan 2014

Degradation Of Hydrazine And Monomethylhydrazine For Fuel Waste Streams Using Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Carolina Franco

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKGA) is an organic acid important for the metabolism of essential amino acids as well as for the transfer of cellular energy. It is a precursor of glutamic acid which is produced by the human body during the Krebs Cycle. AKGA has a specific industrial interest as it can be taken as a dietary supplement and is also widely used as a building block in chemical synthesis. Collectively termed as hydrazine (HZs), hydrazine (HZ) and monomethylhydrazine (MMH) are hypergolic fuels that do not need an ignition source to burn. Because of the particular HZs' characteristics the National Aeronautics …

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A Numerical Testbed For Remote Sensing Of Aerosols, And Its Demonstration For Evaluating Retrieval Synergy From A Geostationary Satellite Constellation Of Geo-Cape And Goes-R, Jun Wang, Xiaoguang Xu, Shouguo Ding, Jing Zeng, Robert Spurr, Xiong Liu, Kelly Chance, Michael I. Mishchenko Jan 2014

A Numerical Testbed For Remote Sensing Of Aerosols, And Its Demonstration For Evaluating Retrieval Synergy From A Geostationary Satellite Constellation Of Geo-Cape And Goes-R, Jun Wang, Xiaoguang Xu, Shouguo Ding, Jing Zeng, Robert Spurr, Xiong Liu, Kelly Chance, Michael I. Mishchenko

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

We present a numerical testbed for remote sensing of aerosols, together with a demonstration for evaluating retrieval synergy from a geostationary satellite constellation. The testbed combines inverse (optimal-estimation) software with a forward model containing linearized code for computing particle scattering (for both spherical and non-spherical particles). a kernel-based (land and ocean) surface bi-directional reflectance facility, and a linearized radiative transfer model for polarized radiance. Calculation of gas absorption spectra uses the HITRAN (HIgh-resolution TRANsmission molecular absorption) database of spectroscopic line parameters and other trace species cross-sections. The outputs of the testbed include not only the Stokes 4-vector elements and their …

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