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Articles 91 - 120 of 780
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Waterfall Crisis, Guiliana G. Grisaffi
The Waterfall Crisis, Guiliana G. Grisaffi
English Department: Research for Change - Wicked Problems in Our World
While the Earth’s surface is 71% covered in water, that does not mean that one day all our water could be gone. The current global water crisis is not just a water crisis-it is a waterfall crisis. One wicked, terrible problem that leads to many other wicked problems, a waterfall crisis. Millions of women and young girls are taken out of work and school and instead forced to collect and gather fresh water for their families. Children are suffering from irreversible health consequences from toxic, contaminated water, an example of a health consequence is a lower IQ from lead poisoning. …
Protein Conformational Entropy Is Not Slaved To Water, Bryan S Marques, Matthew A Stetz, Christine Jorge, Kathleen G Valentine, A Joshua Wand, Nathaniel V Nucci
Protein Conformational Entropy Is Not Slaved To Water, Bryan S Marques, Matthew A Stetz, Christine Jorge, Kathleen G Valentine, A Joshua Wand, Nathaniel V Nucci
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
Conformational entropy can be an important element of the thermodynamics of protein functions such as the binding of ligands. The observed role for conformational entropy in modulating molecular recognition by proteins is in opposition to an often-invoked theory for the interaction of protein molecules with solvent water. The "solvent slaving" model predicts that protein motion is strongly coupled to various aspects of water such as bulk solvent viscosity and local hydration shell dynamics. Changes in conformational entropy are manifested in alterations of fast internal side chain motion that is detectable by NMR relaxation. We show here that the fast-internal side …
Mxenes As Flow Electrodes For Capacitive Deionization Of Wastewater, Naqsh E. Mansoor
Mxenes As Flow Electrodes For Capacitive Deionization Of Wastewater, Naqsh E. Mansoor
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
The energy-water nexus poses an integrated research challenge, while opening up an opportunity space for the development of energy efficient technologies for water remediation. Capacitive Deionization (CDI) is an upcoming reclamation technology that uses a small applied voltage applied across electrodes to electrophoretically remove dissolved ionic impurities from wastewater streams. Similar to a supercapacitor, the ions are stored in the electric double layer of the electrodes. Reversing the polarity of applied voltage enables recovery of the removed ionic impurities, allowing for recycling and reuse. Simultaneous materials recovery and water reclamation makes CDI energy efficient and resource conservative, with potential to …
Effects Of Freshwater Crayfish On Influenza A Virus Persistence In Water, J. Jeffrey Root, Jeremy W. Ellis, Susan A. Shriner
Effects Of Freshwater Crayfish On Influenza A Virus Persistence In Water, J. Jeffrey Root, Jeremy W. Ellis, Susan A. Shriner
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Several investigations have recently assessed the ability of some aquatic invertebrates to act as tools for avian influenza A virus (IAV) surveillance as well as their potential role(s) in IAV ecology. Because of this, as well as the high IAV seroprevalence rates noted in select mesocarnivores that commonly inhabit aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, we evaluated the effects that freshwater crayfish have on IAV in water at three dose levels and monitored for the presence of IAV in crayfish tissues (gill and green gland) and haemolymph at multiple time points. At relatively high, medium 432 and low (approximately 10 , 10 …
An Ethnography Of Wash Infrastructures And Governance In Sulphur Springs, Florida, Mathews Jackon Wakhungu
An Ethnography Of Wash Infrastructures And Governance In Sulphur Springs, Florida, Mathews Jackon Wakhungu
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation describes the forces that shape the perceptions and practices in Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH) services in the community of Sulphur Springs, Tampa, Florida. It also explores how these forces, perceptions, and practices produce adverse experiences and inequalities in water, sewer, drainage, and laundry services. This ethnographic study combines participant observation, ethnographic interviewing, freelisting, oral history, and GIS to uncover the context, experiences, and perceptions about WaSH in Sulphur Springs. The study finds that the present conditions and perceptions about WaSH are embedded into the historical contexts—especially racial segregation, the construction of the interstate, and multiple economic downturns …
Relationship Between University Student Characteristics And Water Conservation Behaviors, Matthew A. Wise
Relationship Between University Student Characteristics And Water Conservation Behaviors, Matthew A. Wise
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Water over-consumption is a critical issue due to it being a mismanaged, and virtually finite, natural resource. In order to convey this information to the public and promote change, it is important to understand the public’s current attitude towards the topic in order to develop more targeted teaching approaches. The purpose of this study was to determine college-age students’ perceptions about water resource usage, their personal levels of active engagement in water conservation, and if any differences existed between agriculture students and non-agriculture students. This study utilized an online quantitative survey, guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, which was …
Protonic Capacitor: Elucidating The Biological Significance Of Mitochondrial Cristae Formation, James Weifu Lee
Protonic Capacitor: Elucidating The Biological Significance Of Mitochondrial Cristae Formation, James Weifu Lee
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
For decades, it was not entirely clear why mitochondria develop cristae? The work employing the transmembrane-electrostatic proton localization theory reported here has now provided a clear answer to this fundamental question. Surprisingly, the transmembrane-electrostatically localized proton concentration at a curved mitochondrial crista tip can be significantly higher than that at the relatively flat membrane plane regions where the proton-pumping respiratory supercomplexes are situated. The biological significance for mitochondrial cristae has now, for the first time, been elucidated at a protonic bioenergetics level: 1) The formation of cristae creates more mitochondrial inner membrane surface area and thus more protonic capacitance for …
Protean Caves And Cyrenean Grottos: The Subterranean World Of Vergil's Fourth Georgic, Kirby Schoephoerster
Protean Caves And Cyrenean Grottos: The Subterranean World Of Vergil's Fourth Georgic, Kirby Schoephoerster
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Using the studies and methodologies spearheaded by the burgeoning field of geomythology, this project aims to reevaluate one of the most famous works of ancient literature, the Georgics of Vergil, within the context of karst geology. In other words, I plan to critically investigate the famous myth of Aristaeus using a geomythological lens that focuses on how Vergil treats caves and cave systems as related to (his) myth. The didactic poem as a whole, and much less so the myth of Aristaeus, has been assessed relatively little by archaeologists, and by geomythologists not at all. Yet, book four contains an …
Assessing The Potential For Greater Solar Development In West Texas, Usa, Dale D. Devitt, M. H. Young, J. P. Pierre
Assessing The Potential For Greater Solar Development In West Texas, Usa, Dale D. Devitt, M. H. Young, J. P. Pierre
Life Sciences Faculty Research
As population and economies continue to grow on a global scale, so too does the demand for energy. To improve reliability and independence of energy supplies, the U.S. and many other countries are seeking internally-sourced renewable energy; solar is one such renewable-energy source that meets these criteria. However, all energy sources exert some environmental impacts. In the case of solar, direct impacts stem mostly from alteration of land needed to host infrastructure. Understanding the environmental upside and downside potential of solar energy systems allows a more comprehensive, side-by-side comparison with different energy sources. In this article, we focus on the …
Water On Mars—A Literature Review, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Mohammad Aghababei, Moses Karakouzian, Mehrdad Karami
Water On Mars—A Literature Review, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Mohammad Aghababei, Moses Karakouzian, Mehrdad Karami
Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research
To assess Mars’ potential for both harboring life and providing useable resources for future human exploration, it is of paramount importance to comprehend the water situation on the planet. Therefore, studies have been conducted to determine any evidence of past or present water existence on Mars. While the presence of abundant water on Mars very early in its history is widely accepted, on its modern form, only a fraction of this water can be found, as either ice or locked into the structure of Mars’ plentiful water-rich materials. Water on the planet is evaluated through various evidence such as rocks …
Year Long Water Quality Analysis Of White Horn Brook, Kevin Dyer
Year Long Water Quality Analysis Of White Horn Brook, Kevin Dyer
Senior Honors Projects
KEVIN DYER (Marine Biology)
Year-long Analysis of the Water Quality of White Horn Brook
Sponsor: Thomas Boving (Geological Sciences)
Water is the foundation for all life on earth and is the most vital resource on this planet. Despite this, oceans and waterways all over the world are being polluted and exploited in ways detrimental to their fundamental hydrologic functions. For instance, excess nitrate levels can lead to eutrophication which gives rise to harmful algae blooms. Low pH can cause the breakdown of CaCO3 exoskeletons of organisms, such mollusks. High temperature variations are major stressors to living things and can cause …
Irrigation Design In Montana: Accommodating Varying Water Accessibility Across The Continental Divide., John Garrett Lampson
Irrigation Design In Montana: Accommodating Varying Water Accessibility Across The Continental Divide., John Garrett Lampson
Biological and Agricultural Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses
The design work performed in this project was conducted over two summers (2018, 2019) of internship experience with the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) across the state of Montana. The first summer’s design work was based out of Glendive, MT, in Dawson County, approximately 50 kilometers from the North Dakota border. The second summer was in Missoula, MT, in Missoula County, near the Idaho border. The two areas differ significantly in topography, weather, and water availability with the main separating geographic influence being the Rocky Mountains.
This paper focuses on the design process and requirements for two farms located outside …
Promoting The Sustainable Utilization Of Groundwater Resources In Ethiopia Using The Integrated Groundwater Footprint Index, Xinyu Lin
Honors Scholar Theses
The country of Ethiopia is highly vulnerable to human-caused climate change and is already suffering from the effects. The predominately rural population relies heavily on small-scale agriculture, with 78% of households having at least one member engaged in the field, yet staple crops are highly susceptible to droughts and other weather shocks. Total and agricultural GDP growth in the country have been strongly linked to inter-annual rainfall variability, of which Ethiopia has among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa. A decrease in rainfall since the 1970s has been one of the primary causes of low crop yields, and stresses the immediate …
Modeling The Alkaline Hydrolysis Of Diaryl Sulfate Diesters: A Mechanistic Study, Klaudia Szeler, Nicholas H. Williams, Alvan C. Hengge, Shina C. Kamerlin
Modeling The Alkaline Hydrolysis Of Diaryl Sulfate Diesters: A Mechanistic Study, Klaudia Szeler, Nicholas H. Williams, Alvan C. Hengge, Shina C. Kamerlin
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Phosphate and sulfate esters have important roles in regulating cellular processes. However, while there has been substantial experimental and computational investigation of the mechanisms and the transition states involved in phosphate ester hydrolysis, there is far less work on sulfate ester hydrolysis. Here, we report a detailed computational study of the alkaline hydrolysis of diaryl sulfate diesters, using different DFT functionals as well as mixed implicit/explicit solvation with varying numbers of explicit water molecules. We consider the impact of the computational model on computed linear free-energy relationships (LFER) and the nature of the transition states (TS) involved. We obtain good …
Drinking Water Governance For Whom? An Institutional Analysis Of Rural Drinking Water Systems In New Mexico, Tucker Colvin
Drinking Water Governance For Whom? An Institutional Analysis Of Rural Drinking Water Systems In New Mexico, Tucker Colvin
Geography ETDs
Rural community drinking water systems in New Mexico are facing many challenges, including a lack of personnel, deteriorating infrastructure, lack of funds, overly burdensome and confusing regulation, environmental concerns, and concerns over water rights. Governing agencies are creating vulnerability by making managers prioritize some issues and neglect others. Water systems designated a Mutual Domestic Water Consumers Associations are especially problematic because they are small and managed by volunteers but have as much regulatory burden as larger municipalities. I use the theory of institutional work to explain how an institution that was originally designed to help low-income and rural communities is …
Uncertainties Associated With The Use Of Erosional Cave Scallop Lengths To Calculate Stream Discharges, Gregory S. Springer, Andrew Hall
Uncertainties Associated With The Use Of Erosional Cave Scallop Lengths To Calculate Stream Discharges, Gregory S. Springer, Andrew Hall
International Journal of Speleology
Scallops are extremely valuable indicators of past water flows in caves because they often record events that cannot be safely witnessed nor measured. Qualitatively, the inverse relationship between their lengths and formative water velocities is useful for determining how flow changes along a cave passage, but they are most valuable because they can be used to directly estimate actual water velocities and discharges. We explore the effects of sample size, measurement choices, and other methods commonly applied to the use of cave scallops in estimating cave stream velocities and discharges. We measured 100 scallops on a cave wall and find …
Reverse Osmosis; Addressing Freshwater Shortage With Sustainable Desalination, Jessica Savage
Reverse Osmosis; Addressing Freshwater Shortage With Sustainable Desalination, Jessica Savage
Sustainability Conference
Water security is an imperative part of high-functioning societies. Currently, large populations of the globe live in water-impoverished or water-stressed areas. With climate change and growing global populations, projections show more people being impacted by issues of water shortage.
One solution to water security is the implementation of desalination, specifically with reverse osmosis systems. This presentation walks through the history, capabilities, future work, and explanations on how reverse osmosis systems work. With continued research on improving desalination, communities in both developed and developing nations around the world can work towards total water security.
Sociohydrologic Systems Thinking: An Analysis Of Undergraduate Students’ Operationalization And Modeling Of Coupled Human-Water Systems, Diane Lally, Cory T. Forbes
Sociohydrologic Systems Thinking: An Analysis Of Undergraduate Students’ Operationalization And Modeling Of Coupled Human-Water Systems, Diane Lally, Cory T. Forbes
School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications
One of the keys to science and environmental literacy is systems thinking. Learning how to think about the interactions between systems, the far-reaching effects of a system, and the dynamic nature of systems are all critical outcomes of science learning. However, students need support to develop systems thinking skills in undergraduate geoscience classrooms. While systems thinking-focused instruction has the potential to benefit student learning, gaps exist in our understanding of students’ use of systems thinking to operationalize and model SHS, as well as their metacognitive evaluation of systems thinking. To address this need, we have designed, implemented, refined, and studied …
Treenuts And Groundnuts In The Eat-Lancet Reference Diet: Concerns Regarding Sustainable Water Use, Davy Vanhama, Mesfin Mekonnen, Arjen Y. Hoekstra
Treenuts And Groundnuts In The Eat-Lancet Reference Diet: Concerns Regarding Sustainable Water Use, Davy Vanhama, Mesfin Mekonnen, Arjen Y. Hoekstra
Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications
The EAT-Lancet universal healthy reference diet recommends an increase in the consumption of healthy foods, among which treenuts and groundnuts. Both are, however, water-intensive products, with a large water footprint (WF) per unit of mass and protein and already today contribute to blue water stress in different parts of the world. The envisaged massive required increase in nut production to feed a global population with this reference diet, needs to occur in a water-sustainable way. In this paper, we identify and quantify where current nut production contributes to local blue water stress and discuss options for water-sustainable nut production. We …
Tailoring The Viscosity Of Water And Ethylene Glycol Based Tio2 Nanofluids, Abu Musa Abdullah, Aminur Rashid Chowdhury, Yingchen Yang, Horacio Vasquez, Justin Moore, Jason Parsons, Karen Lozano, Jose J. Gutierrez, Karen S. Martirosyan, Mohammed Uddin
Tailoring The Viscosity Of Water And Ethylene Glycol Based Tio2 Nanofluids, Abu Musa Abdullah, Aminur Rashid Chowdhury, Yingchen Yang, Horacio Vasquez, Justin Moore, Jason Parsons, Karen Lozano, Jose J. Gutierrez, Karen S. Martirosyan, Mohammed Uddin
Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations
Highlights
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Viscosity of TiO2 nanofluid at variable physical parameters has been reviewed.
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Classical and experimental viscosity models of nanofluids have been discussed.
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Preparation techniques of TiO2 nanofluid have been discussed.
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Viscosity of TiO2 nanofluid can increase by 329 times compared to the base fluid.
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Viscosity of TiO2 nanofluid decreases significantly with increasing temperature.
Abstract
Nanofluids have garnered significant attention in the scientific and engineering research communities due to their enhanced heat transfer properties when compared to conventional thermal fluids. Nanofluids comprised of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have a wide range of applications due to their excellent thermophysical properties like thermal …
Filtration Apparatus Design For Oil-Water Separation Using Membranes And Sponges, Alec Jerger
Filtration Apparatus Design For Oil-Water Separation Using Membranes And Sponges, Alec Jerger
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
It can be difficult to separate water and oil emulsions through traditional filtration. Therefore, investigations of filtering using thermo-responsive (TR) polymers, in this case poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME), was conducted. It’s hypothesized that below its lower critical solution temperature (LCST), PVME has an affinity for water while oil substances do not. Above the LCST the opposite will be true. To verify this hypothesis, iterations of filtration designs were created to provide optimum control over the parameters to measure flow. The final optimized experimental apparatus was a Chromaflex glass column which was air tight and controlled all parameters besides fluid flow. …
Macroinvertebrates And Microbes (Archaea, Bacteria) Offer Complementary Insights Into Mine-Pit Lake Ecology, Melanie L. Blanchette, Richard Allcock, Jahir Gonzalez, Nina Kresoje, Mark Lund
Macroinvertebrates And Microbes (Archaea, Bacteria) Offer Complementary Insights Into Mine-Pit Lake Ecology, Melanie L. Blanchette, Richard Allcock, Jahir Gonzalez, Nina Kresoje, Mark Lund
Research outputs 2014 to 2021
The broad objective of this research was to determine the environmental drivers of macroinvertebrate and microbial assemblages in acidic pit lakes. This is important because pit lake ecosystem development is influenced by prevailing environmental characteristics. Three lakes (Stockton, Kepwari, WO5H) within a larger pit-lake district in Collie, Western Australia were surveyed for spatial variability of benthic macroinvertebrate and microbe (Archaea, Bacteria) assemblage composition as well as potential environmental drivers (riparian condition, aquatic habitat, sediments, and aquatic chemistry) of assemblages. With the exception of sediment chemistry, biophysical variables were significantly different across lakes and reflected riparian condition and groundwater chemistry. Microbial …
Living Rivers, Cosmopolitan Activism, And Environmental Justice In The Bengal Delta, Daniel Adel
Living Rivers, Cosmopolitan Activism, And Environmental Justice In The Bengal Delta, Daniel Adel
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
This thesis explores the social movements and civil society activism to protect the rivers that flow through Bangladesh—the cradle and terminal delta floodplain of the transboundary Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna river systems—, as well as ways to build regional cooperation and watershed democracy in South Asia. The research drew on four overarching fields of study: environmental justice, southern environmentalism, ecological nationalism, and environmental governance. These four bodies of scholarship helped address the overarching question: how are civil society organizations analyzing and responding to the water diversions and degradation of Bangladesh’s transboundary rivers? Semi-structured interviews were conducted with civil society organizations …
Investigation Of Underpotential Deposition Of Copper At Heated Gold Loop Screen-Printed Electrodes In A Variety Of Water Samples, Eun-Ju Lee
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
To study the underpotential deposition (UPD) of copper, three different types of water samples (TraceSelect® Ultra-pure water, Indian pond water at University at Albany and tap water) are used at a heated gold loop screen-printed electrode (GLE), which is a new type of heated working electrode for voltammetry measurements that is able to directly detect the copper content in the water samples. The anodic stripping analysis of copper is performed with these gold loop electrodes at room temperature of 25 °C and electrode temperature of 80 °C at two different deposition potentials, -0.20 V and +0.10 V. Furthermore, the concentration …
Mixed-Valent Heterometallic Molecular Precursors : Expansion Into 4d Transition Metals, Jesse Caleb Carozza
Mixed-Valent Heterometallic Molecular Precursors : Expansion Into 4d Transition Metals, Jesse Caleb Carozza
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Hydrogen fuel can provide an ideal carbon-free energy carrier wherever water is available, be that on Earth or throughout the solar system. The use of water electrolysis to split water molecules into contaminant-free hydrogen gas, suitable for use in fuel cells, and oxygen gas allows also for storage of excess electrical energy during periods of high production and low demand, and an easy path to release that stored energy when demand is high and active supply is low. However, liberating hydrogen from water is an energy-intensive process, and effective electrocatalysts that reduce the amount of energy wasted by the reaction …
Elucidating The Properties And Mechanism For Cellulose Dissolution In Tetrabutylphosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids Using High Concentrations Of Water, Brad Crawford
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
The structural, transport, and thermodynamic properties related to cellulose dissolution by tetrabutylphosphonium chloride (TBPCl) and tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide (TBPH)-water mixtures have been calculated via molecular dynamics simulations. For both ionic liquid (IL)-water solutions, water veins begin to form between the TBPs interlocking arms at 80 mol % water, opening a pathway for the diffusion of the anions, cations, and water. The water veins allow for a diffusion regime shift in the concentration region from 80 to 92.5 mol % water, providing a higher probability of solvent interaction with the dissolving cellulose strand. The hydrogen bonding was compared between small and large …
Manipulation Of The Spatial Grazing Behaviour Of Livestock In Extensive Grassland Systems, Derek W. Bailey, Mitch B. Stephenson, Milton G. Thomas, Juan F. Medrano, Gonzalo Rincon
Manipulation Of The Spatial Grazing Behaviour Of Livestock In Extensive Grassland Systems, Derek W. Bailey, Mitch B. Stephenson, Milton G. Thomas, Juan F. Medrano, Gonzalo Rincon
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Spatial behaviour of livestock is a critical factor in grassland management. Recent and ongoing research suggests that new approaches can be used to manipulate where cattle graze. The combination of strategic supplement placement and low-stress herding can be used to target cattle grazing and potentially may be useful for managing fine fuels. A phenotype to genotype association study of cattle spatial behavior suggests that use of rugged terrain and areas far from water is inherited. Although more research is needed, selection for animals specifically adapted for mountainous terrain or extensive paddocks may be an alternative for managing grasslands in the …
Determining Water Requirements In Turfgrass Systems, Tyler Quinn Carr
Determining Water Requirements In Turfgrass Systems, Tyler Quinn Carr
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Turfgrass lawns are commonly utilized for home and commercial applications because of the aesthetic, environmental, and recreational benefits grasses provide, but many people perceive turfgrass as solely an aesthetic benefit that requires significant water inputs. It is important to identify and use turfgrass cultivars that have known drought tolerance, and also fine-tune and throughout development. A series of field experiments were conducted to determine the water requirements of turfgrass lawn systems with the following objectives: 1) investigate differences in chronic drought resistance and irrigation recommendations among cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) 2) …
Biochar As A Means Of Water Purification In Haiti, Caolan Keenan
Biochar As A Means Of Water Purification In Haiti, Caolan Keenan
Honors Projects
Our research set out to determine if biochar, a compound made by burning organic plant matter in a low oxygen environment, would be a suitable means of removing E. coli populations from contaminated water collected from the Grand River in Allendale, MI using simple materials to construct a filter that could be constructed and used in Haiti. Previous research has shown biochar to be effective at trapping bacteria and other contaminants in the porous surface and by binding other non organic contaminants. We constructed multiple iterations of these filters using gravel, sand, and biochar and ran three live tests with …
Quantifying The Extent Of Wildfire Impacted Streams In The Western United States, Grady Ball
Quantifying The Extent Of Wildfire Impacted Streams In The Western United States, Grady Ball
Water Resources Professional Project Reports
Beginning in the mid-1980s, the number of fires and acres burned by wildfire in the United States has grown at an explosive rate. Several factors, anthropogenic and natural, have converged to create a new era of high frequency, high intensity fires, which is predicted to continue until at least mid-century. Investigations into wildfire impacts have largely focused on post-fire impacts on terrestrial systems, while effects on aquatic ecosystems have been underrepresented. The growing threat of fire to streams has accelerated the need for germane information regarding the spatial extent of fire impacts on watersheds and post-fire impacts to aquatic systems. …