Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Are Pre-Adolescent Girls' Magazines Providing Age-Appropriate Role Models?, Belinda S. Fabrianesi, Sandra C. Jones, Amanda Reid

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Purpose – Repeated exposure to unrealistic notions of female beauty and body shapes, and limited gender stereotypes, may result in the internalization of those standards by pre-adolescent girls. The purpose of this content analysis is to examine the celebrity role models to whom young girls are exposed via magazines specifically targeted at the “tween” audience. Female celebrities are contrasted with those in magazines targeted at older adolescent girls. Design/methodology/approach – Two pre-adolescent girls’ magazines, Total Girl and Barbie, and two adolescent girls’ magazines, Dolly and Girlfriend, were analyzed for the first six months of 2005. All photos (including advertising images) …

Psychologists' Cognitive And Emotional Responses To Working With Borderline Personality Disorder Clients, Marianne E. Bourke, Brin F. Grenyer

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is commonly recognised throughout theoretical and clinical accounts as one of the most challenging mental health disorders to treat however; there has been limited empirical investigation into characteristic psychologists reactions evoked by this diagnostic group. The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive and emotional responses of psychologists treating BPD. Method: Psychologists currently working with BPD clients gave informed consent to be interviewed regarding their responses to this client group. In addition, the Impact Message Inventory (IMI-C) and the Psychotherapy Relationship Questionnaire (PRQ) were completed. Transcripts from a semi-structured interview of psychologist's countertransference experiences were …

Preschool Children's Counterfactual Inferences: The Causal Length Effect Revisited, Amy Y. Chan, Jessica C. Scott

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research into young childrens counterfactual thinking is equivocal about how childrens counterfactual responses to causal events may be affected by the length of the causal inference required. This study examined the causal length effect in 3- and 4-year-old children (N=87). Children participated in two counterfactual inference tasks involving causally-related sequences of events. One task entailed counterfactual emotional judgements about the experience of characters in stories, whereas the other task entailed a counterfactual inference about a potential alternative outcome to a physical event. Children at each age level were randomly assigned to answer test questions that required a long, medium, or …

Isokinetic Dynamometry In Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury And Reconstruction, Yong-Hao Pua, Adam Bryant, Julie R. Steele, Robert Newton, Tim Wrigley

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The use of Isokinetic dynamometry has often been criticised based on the face-validity argument that isokinetic movements poorly resemble the everyday multi-segmented, dynamic activities of human movements. In the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction or defiency population where muscle deficits are ubiquitous, this review paper has made a case for using isokinetic dynamometry to isolate and quantify these deficits in a safe and controlled manner.

The Relevance Of The Heart Foundation Of Australia's Dietary Recommendations For Adult Australians: A Comparison Of Views Of General Practitioners, Cardiologists And Dietitians, Francis A. Worsley, Sylvia Pomeroy

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Purpose: To compare the views of general practitioners, cardiologists and dietitians about the relevance of the Heart Foundation of Australias dietary recommendations for adult cardiac patients. Basic procedures: Quantitative-cross sectional study. Postal questionnaires were self-completed by 248 Victorian general practitioners (30% response), 189 Australia-wide cardiologists (47% response) and 180 Victorian dietitians (45% response). Responses were represented as percentages and analyses of variance were conducted to explore the impact of the independent variables: age, work status and gender on the dependent variable: dietary recommendation. Main findings: Approximately half of the recommendations were viewed as strongly important to implement; these related to …

A Food-Based Dietary Strategy Lowers Blood Pressure In A Low Socio-Economic Setting: A Randomised Study In South Africa, Karen E. Charlton, Naomi Levitt, Krisela Steyn, Deborah Jonathan, Nomonde Gwebushe, Nasheeta Peer, Katja Rossouw, Theresa Gogela, Carl J. Lombard

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective To assess the impact of a food-based intervention on blood pressure (BP) in free-living South African men and women aged 50–75 years, with drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertension.

Methods A double-blind controlled trial was undertaken in eighty drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertensive subjects randomised to an intervention (n 40) or control (n 40) arm. The intervention was 8-week provision of six food items with a modified cation content (salt replacement (SOLO™), bread, margarine, stock cubes, soup mix and a flavour enhancer) and 500 ml of maas (fermented milk)/d. The control diet provided the same quantities of the targeted foods but of …

Dietary Validation Of A New Australian Food-Frequency Questionnaire That Estimates Long-Chain N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Bethany L. Sullivan, Janelle Brown, Peter Williams, Barbara Meyer

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Currently, there is no FFQ designed to capture the intakes of the long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA. The objectives of this study were to validate a new LC n-3 PUFA FFQ by comparison with 3 d weighed food records (FR) and to determine its reproducibility assessed 4 to 6 weeks apart. Healthy male and female subjects (n 53) were recruited from Wollongong and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The FFQ and FR were analysed for LC n-3 PUFA intakes using a nutrient analysis software package and these intakes were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank tests and Spearman …

Conceptualising The Policy Practice And Behavioural Research Relationship, Mark Lawrence, Heather Yeatman

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Policy is frequently identified in the behavioural nutrition and physical activity research literature as a necessary component of effective research and practice. The purpose of this commentary is to promote a dialogue to contribute towards the further development of conceptual understandings and theories of the relationship between policy practice and behavioural research and how these twoactivities might work synergistically to improve public health outcomes.Methods: Drawing on policy and public health literature, this commentary presents a conceptual model of the interaction and mediation between nutrition and physical activity-relevant policy and behavioural nutrition and physical activity research, environments, behaviours and public …

Recovery: An International Perspective, Lindsay G. Oades, Mike Slade, Michaela Amering

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

SUMMARY. Aims To review developments in recovery-focussed mental health services internationally. Methods Two forms of recovery which have been used in the literature are considered, and international examples of recovery-focussed initiatives reviews. A litmus test for a recovery-focussed service is proposed. Results Clinical recovery has emerged from professional literature, focuses on sustained remission and restoration of functioning, is invariant across individuals, and has been used to establish rates of recovery. Personal recovery has emerged from consumer narratives, focuses on living a satisfying, hopeful and contributing life even with limitations caused by the illness, varies across individuals, and the empirical evidence …

Polysaccharopeptide Enhances The Anticancer Activity Of Doxorubicin And Etoposide On Human Breast Cancer Cells Zr-75-30, Jennifer Man-Fan Wan, Wai Hung Sit, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In search of natural bioactive microbial compounds with adjuvant properties, we have previously showed that the polysaccharopeptide (PSP), isolated from Chinese medicinal mushroom Coriolus versicolor, was able to enhance the cytotoxicity of certain S-phase targeted-drugs on human leukemic HL-60 cells via some cell-cycle and apoptotic-dependent pathways. The present study aimed to investigate whether the synergism of mechanisms of PSP with certain chemotherapeutic drugs also applies to human breast cancer. PSP treatment enhanced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (Doxo), etoposide (VP-16) but not cytarabine (Ara-C). Bivariate bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)/DNA flow cytometry analysis estimated a longer DNA synthesis time (Ts) for the PSP treated …

A Review Of The Empirical Literature On The Design Of Physical Environments For People With Dementia, Richard Fleming, Patrick A. Crookes, Shima Sum

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Rural Cultural Studies: Introduction, David Carter, Kate Darian-Smith, Andrew W. Gorman-Murray

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This themed section of Australian Humanities Review seeks to establish the emerging field of 'rural cultural studies' firmly on the agenda of the contemporary humanities and social sciences. This is a timely intervention as rural Australia has featured increasingly over the last decade and especially over the last few years as a topic of national policy attention, public commentary and social analysis. If the notion of a crisis in rural Australia has become something of a one-sided cliché, the changes being faced in non-urban-rural, remote and regional-Australia are nonetheless significant, complex and widespread. For example, one of the topics for …

Surface And Boundary Layer Exchanges Of Volatile Organic Compounds, Nitrogen Oxides And Ozone During The Gabriel Campaign, L Ganzeveld, G Eerdekens, G Feig, H Fischer, H Harder, R Konigstedt, Dagmar Kubistin, M Martinez, F X. Meixner, H A. Scheeren, V Sinha, D Taraborrelli, J Williams, J Vila-Guerau De Arellano, J Lelieveld

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

We present an evaluation of sources, sinks and turbulent transport of nitrogen oxides, ozone and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the boundary layer over French Guyana and Suriname during the October 2005 GABRIEL campaign by simulating observations with a single-column chemistry and climate model (SCM) along a zonal transect. Simulated concentrations of O3 and NO as well as NO2 photolysis rates over the forest agree well with observations when a small soil-biogenic NO emission flux was applied. This suggests that the photochemical conditions observed during GABRIEL reflect a pristine tropical low-NOx regime. The SCM uses a compensation point approach to …

Nitric Oxide, A Survival Factor For Lens Epithelial Cells, Coral G. Chamberlain, Kylie Mansfield, Anna Cerra

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Purpose: Nitric oxide (NO) is capable of promoting either cell death or cell survival depending on cell type and experimental conditions. In this study, the possible effects of NO on the viability of lens epithelial cells were investigated in an explant model used previously to identify cellular changes associated with posterior capsule opacification following cataract surgery.

Methods: Rat lens epithelial explants prepared from weanling rats were cultured in a serum-free medium for five days with or without the addition of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-N_ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), using the inactive enantiomer D-NAME as a control. Alternatively, …

Have You Heard? The Role Of Rumour During Organisational Change Processes, Elizabeth Heathcote, Shane Dawson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This paper discusses the results of a study of communication and rumour among frontline staff during an arganisational change at a large Australian metropolitan university, and relates the findings to the literature and research surrounding rumour during organisational changes. Secondly, it describes the measures undertaken in a second organisational change, as a result of these lessons learned, to minimise the amount of rumour circulating and address their basic content.

Face Recognition Following Rotation About Three Axes, Simone K. Favelle, Georgina Avery, Stephen A. Palmisano

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Juries And Eyewitnesses, Cindy Laub, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The role of an eyewitness can be extremely important in the legal system, as eyewitness testimony and eyewitness identifications play a major role in the prosecution of a criminal defendant. Often the courts are left to rely solely on an eyewitness because there is no other physical evidence. This leaves the jury to rely on a witness’s testimony. Jurors are asked to determine the credibility of an eyewitness at trial when rendering a verdict, and jurors have been found to place more emphasis on eyewitness testimony than on any other kind of evidence. However, there are numerous documented cases of …

Scaling Spectroscopic Approaches - From Leaf Albedo To Ecosystems Mapping, Michael E. Schaepman, Mathias Kneubuhler, Harm Bartholomeus, Zbynek Malenovky, Alexander Damm, Gabriela Schaepman-Strub, Andreas Hueni

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Field based spectroscopy for ecological and environmental monitoring has become an indispensable part of complete observational systems as defined in GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems). Spectral scaling approaches are currently ranging from molecular to ecosystem or even biome scales. We discuss the use of field spectroscopy in relation to supporting large-scale ecosystem and ecotone inventorying, in particular the retrieval of biochemical and structural attributes of vegetation. First, attention will be put on using an object-relational database for the structured compilation of field spectral measurements and corresponding metadata. Spectral libraries have been collected over a wide variety of natural …

Parental Satisfaction With Child Mental Health Services, Frances Ahunna Ohaeri

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to identify to what degree specific factors influence the level of satisfaction experienced by foster parents whose foster children are recieving mental health services from agencies that they have been referred to by a Coming of Age Foster Family Agency.

Sequential Treatment For Nicotine Dependence And Postcessation Weight Concern In A Female Diagnosed With Paranoid Schizophrenia., Theodore V. Cooper, B. S. Hanson, R. S. Burke, Y. M. Hunt

Theodore V. Cooper

No abstract provided.

A Primer On The Implementation Of Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. [Review Of The Book Cognitive Behavioral Therapy In Groups]., T. J. Taylor, Theodore V. Cooper

Theodore V. Cooper

No abstract provided.

Demographics And Risky Lifestyle Behaviors Associated With Willingness To Risk Sexually Transmitted Infection In Air Force Recruits., Theodore V. Cooper, M. W. Debon, K. Haddock, D. Rodriguez Esquivel, R. C. Klesges, H. Lando, G. W. Talcott

Theodore V. Cooper

No abstract provided.

Theory Of Planned Behavior Constructs As Mediators Of Behavior Change Associated With A Brief Alcohol Intervention, Denise Servo

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This study examined the Theory of Planned Behavior constructs (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control [PBC], and behavioral intentions) as mediators of changes in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems in a longitudinal sample of 206 college students. The Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) is a program designed to curb risky alcohol consumption and its related consequences among college students. Eligible students completed a baseline assessment battery at assessment and again six months after participating in BASICS. The AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) assessed alcohol consumption and the RAPI (Rutgers Alcohol Problem Inventory) assessed alcohol-related problems. …

Fostering A Healthy Body Image: Prevention And Intervention With Adolescent Eating Disorders, Michelle Giles, Michael Hass

Education Faculty Articles and Research

Eating disorders are among the most frequently seen chronic illnesses found in adolescent females. In this paper, we discuss school-based prevention and intervention efforts that seek to reduce the impact of this serious illness. School counselors play a key role in the prevention of eating disorders and can provide support even when not directly involved in psychological or medical treatment. Because of their ability to play a leadership role in school-based prevention of eating disorders, school counselors are essential in facilitating a collaborative approach to the prevention of and intervention in eating disorders and their associated risk factors.

Fertility Transitions In Developing Countries: Progress Or Stagnation?, John Bongaarts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Over the past quarter century fertility has declined rapidly in many developing countries. Projections typically assume that this trend will continue until the replacement level is reached. However, recent evidence suggests that ongoing fertility declines may have slowed or stalled in a number of countries in transition. This Population Council study examines the pace of fertility change in developing countries that have multiple DHS surveys to determine whether ongoing transitions are decelerating or stalling. The main findings are that in sub-Saharan African countries, the average pace of decline in fertility is lower around 2000 than in the mid-1990s, and more …

Highlighting Marital Hiv Risk And Promoting Premarital Vct In Nyanza Province, Kenya, Ben Ochieng, Annabel Erulkar

Reproductive Health

This report describes a project undertaken in Kenya by the Population Council, in collaboration with PATH and Kendu Adventist Hospital, whose objectives were: 1) to design and implement educational strategies to raise awareness of the risks of HIV and early marriage; 2) to promote voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for couples; and 3) to support and empower newly married girls through community-based clubs. The report notes that the strong technical support and leadership provided by the partners led to successful implementation of most project activities. The partnership enabled scarce resources to be shared, and has ensured that the comparative advantages …

Analysis Of The Evolution Of The Practice Of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting In Burkina Faso, Nafissatou J. Diop, Zakari Congo, Aina Ouedraogo, Alphosine Sawadogo, Lydia Saloucou, Ida Tamini

Reproductive Health

This study was undertaken as a collaboration between the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health program and the Comité National de Lutte contre la Pratique de l’Excision (CNLPE) within the Ministry of Social Action and National Solidarity in Burkina Faso. The creation of a favorable environment for the campaign against excision in Burkina Faso has facilitated various anti-cutting activities over the past two decades and enabled the achievement of gains, both in terms of awareness and behavior change. However some of the strategies need further readjustment: among the reasons why excision still continues in Burkina Faso is a certain view …

Bolivia: A Gender Focus In Service Delivery Improves Quality Of Care, Population Council

Reproductive Health

A program to operationalize and institutionalize a gender perspective in reproductive health services in Bolivia resulted in a significant reduc­tion in unmet need for contraception, increased client satisfaction, and improved communication between partners. Bolivia’s Integral Health Coordination Program (PROCOSI) encourages member NGOs to address gender-based differences in roles, relationships, access to services, and service needs in their RH programs. In 2005, FRONTIERS collaborated with PRO­COSI to test the feasibility and costs of a sys­tem for certifying that its member organizations provided gender-sensitive RH services. The two-year project followed a 2000 intervention to incorporate gender perspectives in PROCOSI clinics that led …

Family Planning And Comprehensive Abortion Care Handbook For Medical Students And House Officers, Population Council

Reproductive Health

The persistently high maternal mortality and morbidity in Ghana is partly due to high rates of unwanted fertility, unsafe abortion, and relatively low use of modern contraception. In 2006, a consortium of agencies, including the Population Council, initiated the Reducing Maternal Mortality and Morbidity program. The program provides financial and technical resources that will enable the government to significantly expand women's access to modern family planning, contraception, and comprehensive abortion care (CAC) to reduce maternal mortality in Ghana. This handbook on FP and CAC was developed as part of the program. It updates a previous document produced more than ten …

Informed Consent In Hiv Prevention Trials: Highlights From An International Workshop, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

Brief adapted from the report of the workshop co-hosted by the Population Council and Family Health International in May 2005. The brief focuses specifically on tools and strategies presented at the workshop that are being used in HIV-prevention trials to facilitate informed consent, explain difficult concepts, and assess comprehension among trial participants. Illustrative examples from completed and ongoing trials are highlighted. This brief will be useful for an audience of local researchers, advocates, and clinical trial staff.