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Articles 33661 - 33690 of 38788

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Poverty And Fertility: Evidence And Agenda, Sajeda Amin, John B. Casterline, Laura Spess Jan 2007

Poverty And Fertility: Evidence And Agenda, Sajeda Amin, John B. Casterline, Laura Spess

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper explores how poverty affects childbearing patterns in the contemporary developing world. In considering the association between poverty and fertility, we explore one measure of economic status, household asset holdings, in Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 51 countries since 1990. The results show that the association between poverty and fertility differs according to the measure of fertility considered. We conclude there is much to be gained from distinguishing between the impact of poverty on fertility aspirations and the implementation of those aspirations.

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Patterns And Implications Of Male Migration For Hiv Prevention Strategies In Andhra Pradesh, Ravi K. Verma, Niranjan Saggurti, Madhumita Das, Saumya Ramarao, Anrudh K. Jain Jan 2007

Patterns And Implications Of Male Migration For Hiv Prevention Strategies In Andhra Pradesh, Ravi K. Verma, Niranjan Saggurti, Madhumita Das, Saumya Ramarao, Anrudh K. Jain

HIV and AIDS

HIV is widespread in Andhra Pradesh, with high HIV prevalence among pregnant women receiving antenatal care and patients receiving treatment for sexually transmitted infections. High HIV prevalence among women indicates that the infection, rather than being restricted to groups at high risk, is present in the general population. Districts with high HIV prevalence are also destinations for large numbers of male migrants. Migration may be a major contributor to the spread of HIV in the state, however empirical evidence is limited. Furthermore, evidence is required to maximize the impact of programmatic inputs intended to contain the spread of the epidemic. …

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Developing And Testing Strategies For Increasing Awareness Of The Iud As A Contraceptive Option, Ricardo Vernon, M.E. Khan, Harriet Birungi, Ian Askew, William Stones Jan 2007

Developing And Testing Strategies For Increasing Awareness Of The Iud As A Contraceptive Option, Ricardo Vernon, M.E. Khan, Harriet Birungi, Ian Askew, William Stones

Reproductive Health

A workshop was held in England in 2004 to identify the most promising interventions for increasing access to the IUD and to generate protocols for small-scale operations research projects to be undertaken in selected countries. Participants were academics, policymakers, program staff, and service providers from Bangladesh, Ghana, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Kenya, and Nepal. The workshop objectives were to review international experiences with approaches to increase access to and use of the IUD; identify factors explaining the decline in IUD use in many countries; identify factors favoring client demand for IUD; review barriers to effective IUD service delivery; identify issues of …

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Technical Assistance To The Institute Of Reproductive Health, Georgetown University In Researching Introduction Strategies For The Standard Days Contraceptive Method (Sdm), Saumya Ramarao, James R. Foreit Jan 2007

Technical Assistance To The Institute Of Reproductive Health, Georgetown University In Researching Introduction Strategies For The Standard Days Contraceptive Method (Sdm), Saumya Ramarao, James R. Foreit

Reproductive Health

The Institute of Reproductive Health (IRH), Georgetown University tested the impact of introducing the standard days contraceptive method (SDM) with the technical assistance (TA) of Population Council staff. FRONTIERS technical assistance had the immediate effect of allowing IRH to carry out evaluations of the SDM in Asia and Latin America. The IRH studies also produced important lessons learned on strategies for the introduction of natural methods. IRH staff responsible for the India and Ecuador projects learned specific skills in cost-analysis and research instrument design.

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Young People's Sexual And Reproductive Health In India: Policies, Programmes And Realities, K.G. Santhya, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy Jan 2007

Young People's Sexual And Reproductive Health In India: Policies, Programmes And Realities, K.G. Santhya, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy

Reproductive Health

This paper presents an overview of key policies and government programmes intended to reduce HIV vulnerability and improve sexual and reproductive health among young people in India, and identifies the extent to which these policies and programmes have addressed the gamut of unique sexual and reproductive needs of young women and men. It also explores the extent to which programmes have been adapted to accommodate state-level differences in the sexual and reproductive vulnerability of youth; the review takes the examples of two states, namely, Andhra Pradesh, characterised by both early marriage and high HIV prevalence, and Madhya Pradesh, characterised by …

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Community-Based Approaches To Prevention Of Mother-To-Child Transmission Of Hiv: Findings From A Low-Income Community In Kenya, Susan Kaai, Carolyn Baek, Scott Geibel, Peter Omondi, Benson Ulo, Grace Muthumbi, Carol Nkatha, Naomi Rutenberg Jan 2007

Community-Based Approaches To Prevention Of Mother-To-Child Transmission Of Hiv: Findings From A Low-Income Community In Kenya, Susan Kaai, Carolyn Baek, Scott Geibel, Peter Omondi, Benson Ulo, Grace Muthumbi, Carol Nkatha, Naomi Rutenberg

HIV and AIDS

The Horizons program, in partnership with International Medical Corps and Steadman Research Services International, conducted an intervention study in Kibera, an urban slum in Nairobi, Kenya to determine what effect three different community-based activities had on utilization of key prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. The interventions included moving services closer to the population via mobile clinics, as well as increasing psychosocial support through the use of traditional birth attendants and peer counselors as PMTCT promoters. Data from the study showed that there were positive trends during the study period in most of the PMTCT indicators, including knowledge of MTCT, …

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Beacon Of Hope: Evaluation Of The Kenya Girl Guides Association Hiv/Aids Program For School Children, Karusa Kiragu, George Odingo, Milka Juma, Jane Mbugua, Magdalen Waweru, Wamuyu Mahinda, Beatrice Mwaniki, Charity Muturi, Simon Ochieng, Tobey C. Nelson, Ann P. Mccauley Jan 2007

Beacon Of Hope: Evaluation Of The Kenya Girl Guides Association Hiv/Aids Program For School Children, Karusa Kiragu, George Odingo, Milka Juma, Jane Mbugua, Magdalen Waweru, Wamuyu Mahinda, Beatrice Mwaniki, Charity Muturi, Simon Ochieng, Tobey C. Nelson, Ann P. Mccauley

HIV and AIDS

This Horizons report presents findings from an evaluation of the Kenya Girl Guides Participatory Peer Education Program for HIV and AIDS Prevention. The objective of the program was to train Girl Guide patrol leaders as peer educators, who in turn would communicate key information and concepts about such topics as HIV prevention, relationships, and self-esteem to other Girl Guides, and ultimately to their school peers. The results demonstrate that peer education conducted by Girl Guides is a feasible strategy for imparting HIV and AIDS education to school-going youth; however, such a program would need to be branded, strengthened, and appropriately …

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Reaching Truckers In Brazil With Non-Stigmatizing And Effective Hiv/Sti Services, Magda Chinaglia, Sheri A. Lippman, Julie Pulerwitz, Maeve De Mello, Rick Homan, Juan Diaz Jan 2007

Reaching Truckers In Brazil With Non-Stigmatizing And Effective Hiv/Sti Services, Magda Chinaglia, Sheri A. Lippman, Julie Pulerwitz, Maeve De Mello, Rick Homan, Juan Diaz

HIV and AIDS

A study conducted by the Population Council in 2001 found that truckers crossing Brazil’s southern border had easy access to commercial sex and extremely limited access to health services, condoms, HIV testing and counseling, and HIV/STI prevention messages. In response, the Population Council’s Horizons Program conducted an intervention study from 2002 to 2005. The study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of providing a range of health services to truckers at a health post inside a customs station, where truckers wait anywhere from one day to a week for documents and cargo to clear customs. As noted in this brief, …

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Promoting Adherence Through A Directly Administered Antiretroviral Therapy Strategy In Mombasa, Kenya, Avina Sarna, Stanley Luchters, Scott Geibel, Matthew F. Chersich, Paul Munyao, Rick Homan, Susan Kaai, Kishorchandra N. Mandaliya, Marleen Temmerman, Naomi Rutenberg Jan 2007

Promoting Adherence Through A Directly Administered Antiretroviral Therapy Strategy In Mombasa, Kenya, Avina Sarna, Stanley Luchters, Scott Geibel, Matthew F. Chersich, Paul Munyao, Rick Homan, Susan Kaai, Kishorchandra N. Mandaliya, Marleen Temmerman, Naomi Rutenberg

HIV and AIDS

A principal concern of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs is the ability of clients to maintain a high level of adherence to medication. Based on formative research conducted with HIV-infected clients and health workers in Mombasa, Kenya, and lessons learned from directly observed therapy strategies to encourage adherence to treatment for tuberculosis, a directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) strategy to promote adherence to ART was developed. This study examines whether the intervention was more effective in fostering adherence to ART than standard follow-up among people living with HIV in Mombasa. Researchers from the Horizons Program and the International Centre for Reproductive …

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Sexual Risk Behaviors Of Hiv-Positive Persons Receiving Art In Mombasa, Kenya: Longitudinal Study Findings, Stanley Luchters, Avina Sarna, Scott Geibel, Matthew F. Chersich, Paul Munyao, Susan Kaai, Kishorchandra N. Mandaliya, Naomi Rutenberg, Marleen Temmerman Jan 2007

Sexual Risk Behaviors Of Hiv-Positive Persons Receiving Art In Mombasa, Kenya: Longitudinal Study Findings, Stanley Luchters, Avina Sarna, Scott Geibel, Matthew F. Chersich, Paul Munyao, Susan Kaai, Kishorchandra N. Mandaliya, Naomi Rutenberg, Marleen Temmerman

HIV and AIDS

As a result of the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in dramatically decreasing morbidity and mortality due to HIV, many HIV-infected individuals are now living longer, healthier, and more sexually active lives. However, unprotected sex by people living with HIV is an area of concern because of the risk of transmission to sero-discordant partners and reinfection with new, drug-resistant viral strains. There is evidence to suggest that some sero-positive individuals continue to engage in unprotected sex that places others at risk for infection and places themselves at risk for contracting secondary infections. To learn more about the impact of ART …

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Psychosocial Benefits Of A Mentoring Program For Youth-Headed Households In Rwanda, Lisanne Brown, Janet C. Rice, Neil W. Boris, Tonya R. Thurman, Leslie M. Snider, Joseph Ntaganira, Laetitia N. Nyirazinyoye, Edward Kalisa, Emmanuel Nshizirungu Jan 2007

Psychosocial Benefits Of A Mentoring Program For Youth-Headed Households In Rwanda, Lisanne Brown, Janet C. Rice, Neil W. Boris, Tonya R. Thurman, Leslie M. Snider, Joseph Ntaganira, Laetitia N. Nyirazinyoye, Edward Kalisa, Emmanuel Nshizirungu

HIV and AIDS

In Rwanda, the combined effects of the 1994 genocide and the AIDS pandemic have devastated the lives of children and families. More than 300,000 young people have been “left behind,” not only by parents and other caregivers who have died, but also by extended families and communities who stigmatize and fail to support them. The phenomenon of youth-headed households in the region is a relatively recent development. Despite the long history of fostering in sub-Saharan Africa, family and community safety nets are overstretched. Youth-headed households may be a legitimate coping strategy; however, children living in youth-headed households are less likely …

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Supporting Volunteer Mentors: Insights From A Mentorship Program For Youth-Headed Households In Rwanda, Lisanne Brown, Tonya R. Thurman, Edward Kalisa, Janet C. Rice, Jean De Dieu Bizimana, Neil W. Boris, Leslie M. Snider, Joseph Ntaganira Jan 2007

Supporting Volunteer Mentors: Insights From A Mentorship Program For Youth-Headed Households In Rwanda, Lisanne Brown, Tonya R. Thurman, Edward Kalisa, Janet C. Rice, Jean De Dieu Bizimana, Neil W. Boris, Leslie M. Snider, Joseph Ntaganira

HIV and AIDS

In 2004, World Vision Rwanda (WVR), in collaboration with Tulane University and the Rwanda School of Public Health, implemented a program to provide support through regular visits by an adult mentor to youth living without adult care. After completion of baseline quantitative and qualitative research, WVR implemented the program in two areas of a province in southwestern Rwanda. Over an 18-month period, 156 trained adult mentors visited and supported 441 youth-headed households. The mentor training covered key aspects of child development and skills for addressing key psychosocial issues that were identified through the baseline research. Specifically, the training addressed how …

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Implementing Sti/Hiv Prevention And Care Interventions For Men Who Have Sex With Men In Senegal, Amadou Moreau, Placide Tapsoba, Abdoulaye Ly, Cheikh Ibrahima Niang, Abdou Khoudia Diop Jan 2007

Implementing Sti/Hiv Prevention And Care Interventions For Men Who Have Sex With Men In Senegal, Amadou Moreau, Placide Tapsoba, Abdoulaye Ly, Cheikh Ibrahima Niang, Abdou Khoudia Diop

HIV and AIDS

Exploratory research conducted by the Horizons Program in 2002 revealed that men who have sex with men (MSM) in Dakar, Senegal, are particularly vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV. Further, the stigma and discrimination suffered by many MSM result in the concealment of sexual behaviors from health-care providers, making it difficult to receive appropriate services. Finally, there is a lack of HIV-prevention campaigns geared to this group. Key stakeholders in Dakar developed and implemented an intervention to meet the STI/HIV prevention needs of MSM and address prevailing stigma that effectively serves as a barrier to care. The intervention …

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Building The Capacity Of Faith-Based Organizations To Promote Mutual Monogamy In South Africa, Waimar Tun, Nathi Sohaba, Unathi Malinzi, Matthew Nqono, Osborne Mzilikazi, Bonisiwa Mgujulwa, Moses Madywabe, Mbulelo Fatyeni, Christine Fontecchio Jan 2007

Building The Capacity Of Faith-Based Organizations To Promote Mutual Monogamy In South Africa, Waimar Tun, Nathi Sohaba, Unathi Malinzi, Matthew Nqono, Osborne Mzilikazi, Bonisiwa Mgujulwa, Moses Madywabe, Mbulelo Fatyeni, Christine Fontecchio

HIV and AIDS

In South Africa, where sex partnerships outside primary relationships are common even among church members, HIV-prevention programs focusing on mutual monogamy (MM) are needed. Church leaders, highly regarded by the community, may be effective in reaching congregation members with HIV-prevention messages. However, implementing programs that promote faithfulness pose several challenges. In response to a lack of research on effective strategies to promote MM, the Horizons Program, in partnership with the Eastern Cape Provincial Council of Churches and the South African Council of Churches, piloted an intervention to promote MM. A curriculum was developed covering topics including HIV transmission, personal relationships, …

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Intergenerational Communication On Sexuality And Hiv/Aids: Exploring Feasibility Of Building Effective Youth-Adult Partnerships To Reduce Young People's Hiv Vulnerabilities, Vaishali Sharma Mahendra, Sarat Chandra Pradhan, Saraswati Swain, Aradhana Nanda, Sanjit Patnayak, Sucheta Panda, Rajendra Prasad Jan 2007

Intergenerational Communication On Sexuality And Hiv/Aids: Exploring Feasibility Of Building Effective Youth-Adult Partnerships To Reduce Young People's Hiv Vulnerabilities, Vaishali Sharma Mahendra, Sarat Chandra Pradhan, Saraswati Swain, Aradhana Nanda, Sanjit Patnayak, Sucheta Panda, Rajendra Prasad

HIV and AIDS

In India, over one-third of all reported AIDS cases occur among people aged 15–24 years. Young people need competencies to navigate daily-life situations and engage in productive activities, and the relationships they form with adults and peers are the source of support and guidance critical to the development of their competencies. The peer-based approach is integral to sexual health and HIV-prevention programs for youth. However, in some settings, program and policy directions have been hampered by adult beliefs of what young people should be permitted to know. Recent projects show that working on changing the norms and beliefs of adults …

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Exploring The Barriers To Accessing Care And Treatment For Hiv-Infected Children In India: A Diagnostic Study, Avina Sarna, Jaleel Ahmad, Glory Alexander, Vaishali Sharma Mahendra, Ashok Rau, Arjun Singh, Naomi Rutenberg Jan 2007

Exploring The Barriers To Accessing Care And Treatment For Hiv-Infected Children In India: A Diagnostic Study, Avina Sarna, Jaleel Ahmad, Glory Alexander, Vaishali Sharma Mahendra, Ashok Rau, Arjun Singh, Naomi Rutenberg

HIV and AIDS

Each year 27 million births take place in India. A conservative estimate of HIV prevalence of 1 percent among antenatal women translates to about 80,000 HIV-infected children being born annually. The latest figures from the National AIDS Control Organisation show that there are about 5,600 documented HIV-positive children (0–14 years), but a very small number are receiving antiretroviral therapy. The Population Council and partners conducted a qualitative study in three high-prevalence states of India to explore the facilitators and barriers to accessing care for HIV-positive children and assessed the current level of adherence to ART among children receiving treatment. A …

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The Hiv/Aids Prevention Project For Vulnerable Youth In Northern Nigeria: Community Advocates Training Manual, Population Council, Adolescent Health And Information Projects, Federation Of Muslim Women's Associations In Nigeria, Islamic Education Trust Jan 2007

The Hiv/Aids Prevention Project For Vulnerable Youth In Northern Nigeria: Community Advocates Training Manual, Population Council, Adolescent Health And Information Projects, Federation Of Muslim Women's Associations In Nigeria, Islamic Education Trust

HIV and AIDS

This Community Advocates training manual contains a curriculum developed by the Population Council, Nigeria, under the HIV Prevention Project for Vulnerable Youth in Northern Nigeria funded by USAID/Nigeria. The curriculum was developed as a tool for training community advocates in conducting advocacy activities on the issues of early marriage, HIV/AIDS, and reproductive health. The curriculum aims to improve knowledge and strengthen the skills of community representatives from the northern region of Nigeria so they can openly discuss sensitive issues relating to HIV/AIDS, reproductive health, and marriage. Designed to be adapted or implemented as written, the curriculum is based on the …

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Addressing Gupt Rog: Narrative Prevention Counselling For Sti/Hiv Prevention—A Guide To Ayush And Allopathic Practitioners, Bonnie K. Nastasi, Niranjan Saggurti, Stephen L. Schensul, Ravi K. Verma, Meena Gandhi Jan 2007

Addressing Gupt Rog: Narrative Prevention Counselling For Sti/Hiv Prevention—A Guide To Ayush And Allopathic Practitioners, Bonnie K. Nastasi, Niranjan Saggurti, Stephen L. Schensul, Ravi K. Verma, Meena Gandhi

HIV and AIDS

Although India has over 600,000 registered AYUSH practitioners who are engaged in homeopathic, Ayurvedic, and Unani systems of medicine, they have not been integrated into the country’s national health system. While practitioners of these systems of medicine treat all illnesses, they have a special niche in providing services to address men’s sexual health concerns (Gupt Rog). A project on Research and Intervention in Sexual Health: Theory to Action was undertaken by the International Institute for Population Sciences/Mumbai, the Population Council/New Delhi, and partners, in three slum communities in Mumbai, from 2001–07. The objective was to control the spread of sexually …

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Engaging Advocates From Concept To Results: Summary Report Of The Advocates' Consultation On Hiv Prevention Trials: Carraguard And Voice Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa, 18-19 October 2007, Microbicide Trials Network, Population Council Jan 2007

Engaging Advocates From Concept To Results: Summary Report Of The Advocates' Consultation On Hiv Prevention Trials: Carraguard And Voice Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa, 18-19 October 2007, Microbicide Trials Network, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

Advocate consultations are increasingly becoming the rule, not the exception in the HIV-prevention research field. As an increasing number of Phase III trials enter the field, research groups are seeking new ways to collaborate with advocates and maximize civil society input and engagement. The Advocates’ Consultation for HIV Prevention Trials: Carraguard and VOICE Studies provided leaders from African NGOs a unique opportunity to learn about the clinical trial process from beginning to end, and to collectively identify ways to influence how scientific research is formulated. Participants represented a wide range of advocacy groups from Southern African countries, including those working …

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Current Research And Good Practice In Hiv And Aids Treatment Education, Avina Sarna, Ellen Weiss Jan 2007

Current Research And Good Practice In Hiv And Aids Treatment Education, Avina Sarna, Ellen Weiss

HIV and AIDS

This report was prepared by UNESCO and WHO for presentation at the HIV and AIDS Treatment Education Technical Consultation in Paris, November 22–23, 2005. There is a growing realization among program managers and donors that merely providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) and training health providers is not sufficient and that unless efforts are made to engage communities and individuals to improve their knowledge and understanding of HIV, AIDS, and ART, programs will not meet the targets set by these initiatives and will fall short of contributing to the goal of attaining universal access to treatment. This report describes current research and …

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Taking A New Look At Mainecare, Paul Saucier Jan 2007

Taking A New Look At Mainecare, Paul Saucier

Maine Policy Review

Maine’s Medicaid program, called MaineCare, provides health care coverage to one in five state residents. Paul Saucier gives an overview of MaineCare’s services, eligibility categories, and financing. He discusses root causes of MaineCare’s continued expansion in breadth and cost, which has prompted reform proposals to rein in what many believe is unsustainable growth. Examining reform efforts in other states, Saucier cautions that we need to learn from these experiments. Finally, he raises important questions for policymakers related to MaineCare’s mission, its complexity, and the stability of its financing.

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Abortion Access And Risky Sex Among Teens: Parental Involvement Laws And Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Jonathan Klick, Thomas Stratmann Jan 2007

Abortion Access And Risky Sex Among Teens: Parental Involvement Laws And Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Jonathan Klick, Thomas Stratmann

All Faculty Scholarship

Laws requiring minors to seek parental consent or to notify a parent prior to obtaining an abortion raise the cost of risky sex for teenagers. Assuming choices to engage in risky sex are made rationally, parental involvement laws should lead to less risky sex among teens, either because of a reduction of sexual activity altogether or because teens will be more fastidious in the use of birth control ex ante. Using gonorrhea rates among older women to control for unobserved heterogeneity across states, our results indicate that the enactment of parental involvement laws significantly reduces risky sexual activity among teenage …

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Reasonable Emissions Of Greenhouse Gases: Efficient Abatement For A Stock Pollutant, Howard F. Chang Jan 2007

Reasonable Emissions Of Greenhouse Gases: Efficient Abatement For A Stock Pollutant, Howard F. Chang

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Originalism And Its Discontents (Plus A Thought Or Two About Abortion), Mitchell N. Berman Jan 2007

Originalism And Its Discontents (Plus A Thought Or Two About Abortion), Mitchell N. Berman

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Ethical And Methodological Considerations In Clinical Communication Research With Hispanic Populations, José G. Centeno, Willard Gingerich Jan 2007

Ethical And Methodological Considerations In Clinical Communication Research With Hispanic Populations, José G. Centeno, Willard Gingerich

Department of English Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Spanish speakers, whether in monolingual or bilingual situations, or in majority or minority contexts, represent a considerable population worldwide. Spanish speakers in the U.S. constitute an illustrative context of the challenges faced by speech-language practitioners to provide realistic services to an increasing and diverse Spanish-speaking caseload. There is still considerable paucity in the amount of literature on Hispanic individuals with clinical relevance in speech-language pathology. Particularly lacking are works that link both empirical and theoretical bases to evidence-based procedures for child and adult Spanish users with communication disorders. Further, because communication skills depend on multiple phenomena beyond strictly linguistic factors, …

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Does Hiv-1 Affect Sensitivity To Addictive Drugs? Methamphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference In Hiv-1 Transgenic Rats, Brent Foster Costleigh Jan 2007

Does Hiv-1 Affect Sensitivity To Addictive Drugs? Methamphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference In Hiv-1 Transgenic Rats, Brent Foster Costleigh

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Care Patterns And Outcomes For Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes In Nevada, Jay J. Shen Jan 2007

Care Patterns And Outcomes For Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes In Nevada, Jay J. Shen

Nevada Journal of Public Health

This study demonstrates substantial differences between Nevada and the national average in patterns of hospital based care in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic patients in Nevada are more likely to be hospitalized through the emergency department, and more likely to be admitted for a condition related to diabetes. Moreover, in Nevada, Medicaid and uninsured patients with diabetes are more likely to experience adverse outcomes then their privately insured counterparts. These differences may be primarily reflective of variances in access to ambulatory care, care seeking behavior, and availability of health services and facilities. Policies promoting expansion of health care benefits …

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Las Vegas: A Sustainable Urban Environment For Health?, Nancy Menzel Jan 2007

Las Vegas: A Sustainable Urban Environment For Health?, Nancy Menzel

Nevada Journal of Public Health

The rapid growth of Las Vegas has resulted in negative consequences for the health of its residents to a level that threatens the area’s sustainability. This article reviews key indicators of population health in Las Vegas through the framework of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Healthy People in Healthy Places and concludes that public health professionals, citizens, businesses, and political leaders must act now to protect and improve population health.

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Episiotomy And Obstetric Trauma In Nevada: Evidence From Linked Hospital Discharge And Birth Data, Gulzar H. Shah, Joseph A. Greenway, Wei Yang Jan 2007

Episiotomy And Obstetric Trauma In Nevada: Evidence From Linked Hospital Discharge And Birth Data, Gulzar H. Shah, Joseph A. Greenway, Wei Yang

Nevada Journal of Public Health

Based on the perception that episiotomy prevents obstetric trauma, the procedure is liberally performed in U.S. Hospitals. Using linked Nevada Birth Registry and Nevada Impatient Hospital Discharges (2000 to 2005), we applied descriptive analyses and logistic regression to examine the status of Nevada episiotomy practice and its impact on birth trauma for mothers. Of 106,461 vaginal live births, 26,383 (24.8%) episiotomies were conducted. Obstetric trauma rate declined from 5.2% of vaginal deliveries in 2000 to 4.4% in 2005. After statistically controlling for the effect of other risk factors, zero parity, episiotomy, other instrument assisted deliveries, non-MDs as birth attendants, rural …

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The Cost-Effectiveness Of Improving Diabetes Care In U.S. Federally Qualified Community Health Centers, Elbert S. Huang, Qi Zhang, Sydney E. S. Brown, Melinda L. Drum, David O. Meltzer, Marshall H. Chin Jan 2007

The Cost-Effectiveness Of Improving Diabetes Care In U.S. Federally Qualified Community Health Centers, Elbert S. Huang, Qi Zhang, Sydney E. S. Brown, Melinda L. Drum, David O. Meltzer, Marshall H. Chin

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Objective. To estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of improving diabetes care with the Health Disparities Collaborative (HDC), a national collaborative quality improvement (QI) program conducted in community health centers (HCs).

Data Sources/Study Settings. Data regarding the impact of the Diabetes HDC program came from a serial cross-sectional follow-up study (1998, 2000, 2002) of the program in 17 Midwestern HCs. Data inputs for the simulation model of diabetes came from the latest clinical trials and epidemiological studies.

Study Design. We conducted a societal cost-effectiveness analysis, incorporating data from QI program evaluation into a Monte Carlo simulation model of diabetes.

Data Collections/Extraction …

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