Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Progress And Opportunities In Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual And Transgender Health Communications, Laurie A. Drabble, J. Keatley, G. Marcelle

Faculty Publications

This article describes elements of effective health communication and highlights strategies that may best be adopted or adapted in relation to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations. Studies have documented the utility of multidimensional approaches to health communication from the macro level of interventions targeting entire populations to the micro level of communication between health care provider and consumer. Although evidence of health disparities in LGBT communities underscores the importance of population-specific interventions, health promotion campaigns rarely target these populations and health communication activities seldom account for the diversity of LGBT communities. Advances in health communication suggest promising direction …

Sustainable Communities And Health Inequalities, Pierre Horwitz, Neil Drew, Neil Thomson, Meredith Green

Sciences Conference Papers

The goal of the Sustainable Communities Network is to seek effective interventions that address health inequalities in rural, remote and Indigenous communities through sustainable development and supporting sustainable communities. The Network is part of the Health Inequalities Research Collaboration, now known as the Health Inequalities Ministerial Advisory Committee, a Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing initiative. Its goal is to enhance Australia’s knowledge of the causes of and effective responses to health inequalities, and to promote vigorously the application of this evidence to reduce health inequalities in Australia. This Committee was established in response to the increasing concern for health …

Trend To Better Nutrition On Australian Hospital Menus 1986-2001 And The Impact Of Cook-Chill Food Service Systems, A. Mcclelland, P. G. Williams

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective To assess trends in the nutritional quality of hospital menus and examine differences between menus used in hospitals with cook-chill or cook-fresh food services.

Design Standard patient menus were analysed against 28 criteria to assess nutritional standards and compared to results from similar studies in 1986 and 1993.

Setting Menus were collected from 80 hospitals in New South Wales, Australia, including 36 using cook-chill food service systems.

Statistical Analysis Chi-squared analysis was used to assess differences between the proportions of hospitals meeting the criteria in 2001 and 1993 and between different types of hospitals.

Results In 2001 compared to …

Evaluation Of A Tool For Rating Popular Diet Books, L. Williams, P. G. Williams

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire for use by nutrition professionals to enable evaluation of popular diet books.

Design A questionnaire was developed incorporating quantified criteria based on current authoritative nutrition guidelines. Twenty two questions were included, relating to nutritional adequacy, daily energy allowance, recommended rate of weight loss, flexibility and sustainability, physical activity advice, use of supplements, claims, author’s credentials, and scientific evidence. The questionnaire was used to rate 35 diets in 20 popular diet books sold in Australia in 2001, in order to test its practicality, validity and sensitivity. A computerised dietary analysis …

Nutrition And Related Claims Used On Packaged Australian Foods - Implications For Regulation, P. G. Williams, H. Yeatman, S. Zakrzewski, B. Aboozaid, S. Henshaw, K. Ingram, A. Rankine, S. Walcott, F. Ghani

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The aim of this study was to describe the use of nutrition and related claims on packaged food for sale in Australia and measure the compliance of such claims with regulations governing their use. A survey was conducted of the labelling of 6662 products in 40 different food categories on sale in New South Wales in 2001. Levels of compliance were assessed by comparing the claims on the label and data in the nutrition information panel with requirements of the Foods Standards Code and the Code of Practice on Nutrient Claims. Half of the products (51.3%) carried some type of …

Sexism Is In The Eye Of The Beholder: Does The Advertising Standards Board Reflect "Community Standards"?, Sandra C. Jones

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study examines the Advertising Standards Board’s response to complaints lodged against advertisements between 1999 and 2001 under sub-section 2.3 of the AANA Code (portrayal of sex/sexuality/nudity). Between 1999 and 2001, the ASB considered 419 complaints lodged by members of the general public under this subsection of the Code, of which only three were upheld. The decisions reported in the ASB’s Case Reports for these three years are examined by assessing three advertisements from each of these years (including the only one in each year against which a complaint was upheld). Inconsistencies in the application of this sub-section of the …

Are Current Social Marketing Campaigns Getting Through To Undergraduate University Students?, Sandra C. Jones

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In this study, we conduct a survey of health behaviours among undergraduate university students. The health behaviours include weight control, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, use of illicit drugs, and safe-sex practices. By comparing the results with national survey results, we test the hypothesis that university students – who have completed high school, with better than average grades – are more likely to exhibit healthy behaviours and avoid unhealthy or unsafe behaviours than the general population. Detailed information on the health behaviours of university students is not currently available (see Australia’s Health 2000, in which there are no reports of health …

Consumer Confusion: Parents Nutritional Perceptions Of Food Advertisements, Christina Hoang, Sandra C. Jones, Jennifer Thornton

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Due to the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in society, this study was undertaken to determine if advertisers could potentially be misleading parents through the nutritional claims made in advertisements for popular children’s food products. Research was conducted to determine the sorts of nutritional messages parents received from four food advertisements. In total, 41 parents from an Australian university childcare centre participated in the study. The results revealed several major discrepancies whereby parents’ perceived unhealthy products to be healthy – indicating a degree of consumer confusion among parents.

Cooking Attenuates The Ability Of High-Amylose Meals To Reduce Plasma Insulin Concentrations In Rats, Marc A. Brown, Leonard H. Storlien, Ian L. Brown, J Higgins

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Recognising Facial Expression From Spatially And Temporally Modified Movements, Frank E. Pollick, Harold C. Hill, Andrew Calder, Helena Paterson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

We examined how the recognition of facial emotion was influenced by manipulation of both spatial and temporal properties of 3-D point-light displays of facial motion. We started with the measurement of 3-D position of multiple locations on the face during posed expressions of anger, happiness, sadness, and surprise, and then manipulated the spatial and temporal properties of the measurements to obtain new versions of the movements. In two experiments, we examined recognition of these original and modified facial expressions: in experiment 1, we manipulated the spatial properties of the facial movement, and in experiment 2 we manipulated the temporal properties. …

Linking The Structure And Perception Of 3-D Faces: Gender, Ethnicity And Expressive Posture, Guillaume Vignali, Harold C. Hill, Eric Vatikiotis-Bateson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

A statistical study of human face shape is reported whose overall goal was to identify and characterise salient components of facial structure for human perception and communicative behaviour. A large database of 3-D faces has been constructed and analysed for differences in ethnicity, sex, and posture. For each of more than 300 faces varying in race/ethnicity (Japanese versus Caucasian) and sex, nine postures (smiling, producing vowels, etc) were recorded. Principal components analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and to provide simple, yet reliable reconstruction of any face from components corresponding …

The Influence Of Red Meat Intake Upon The Response To A Resistance Exercise-Training Program In Older Australians, Peter L. Mclennan, Linda C. Tapsell, Alice Owen, Irene Gutteridge

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Catena-Poly[[(Pyridine-Kn)Copper(Ii)]U-N-Salicylideneglycinato-K40,N,0':0'], Ray J. Butcher, Garry Mockler, Owen Mckern

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The tridentate Schiff base ligand derived from the condensation of salicyl­aldehyde and glycine, in the presence of pyridine, forms the title polymeric square-pyramidal five-coordinate copper complex, [Cu(C₅H₅N)(C₉H₇NO₃)(C₅H₅N)], in which the copper centers are linked via the carboxyl O atoms of neighboring groups occupying the apical site.

Mid-Late Holocene El Nino Variability In The Equatorial Pacific From Coral Microatolls, Colin Woodroffe, Matthew R. Beech, Michael K. Gagan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Oxygen isotope ratios in Porites microatolls from Christmas Island in the central Pacific provide high-resolution proxy records of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability since 3.8 thousand years ago (ka). Compared with modern microatolls, reconstructions from fossil microatolls imply that interannual variations in ENSO sea-surface temperature and precipitation were less intense 3.8–2.8 ka, but more pronounced at 1.7 ka. Amplification of ENSO at ∼2 ka is consistent with precessional changes in insolation seasonality, but exceeds model predictions and may reflect stronger rainfall teleconnections through enhanced interaction between the Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone.

Bovine Non-O157 Shiga Toxin 2-Containing Escherichia Coli Isolates Commonly Possess Stx2-Edl933 And/Or Stx2vhb Subtypes, Kim Brett, Michael A Hornitzky, Karl A Bettelheim, Mark J. Walker, Steven Djordjevic

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

stx₂ genes from 138 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates, of which 127 were of bovine origin (58 serotypes) and 11 of human origin (one serotype; O113:H21), were subtyped. The bovine STEC isolates from Australian cattle carried ehxA and/or eaeA and predominantly possessed stx_2-EDL933 (103 of 127; 81.1%) either in combination with stx_2vhb (32 of 127; 25.2%) or on its own (52 of 127; 40.4%). Of 22 (90.9%) bovine isolates of serotype O113:H21, a serotype increasingly recovered from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) or hemorrhagic colitis, 20 contained both stx_2-EDL933 and stx_2vhb; 2 …

Intercomparison Of Ndsc Ground-Based Solar Ftir Measurements Of Atmospheric Gases At Lauder, New Zealand, D W. T Griffith, Nicholas Jones, B Mcnamara, Clare Paton-Walsh, W. R. Bell, Cirilo Bernado

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A formal intercomparison of atmospheric total column measurements of N₂O, N₂, CH₄, O₃, HCl, HNO₃, and HF by two ground-based solar Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers conducted as part of the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) instrument certification procedure at Lauder, New Zealand, is presented. The two instruments were nominally very similar, collocated, and collected data at the same times. Collected spectra were analyzed independently by the individual operators in a blind-phase intercomparison, then reanalyzed by a single operator using identical analysis methods to eliminate any potential …

Dehydration And Partial Melting In Subduction Zones: Constraints From U-Series Disequilibria, Bernard Bourdon, Simon Turner, Anthony Dosseto

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

We present a critical reappraisal of U-series data from arc volcanoes to constrain slab dehydration and melting processes using a global subduction zone data set. There is no clear evidence for significant mobilization of Th or Pa in dehydration fluids while the source region of arc rocks is relatively oxidized and mobility of U is strongly enhanced. It is argued that along-arc U/Th and U/Pa isotope data reflect time-integrated addition of U from the slab to the mantle wedge. The presence of large Ra-Th disequilibrium correlated with Ba/Th ratios provides evidence for some very recent fluid addition and fast magma …

The Chronostratigraphy Of A Holocene Barrier Estuary: Lake Illawarra Nsw, Craig R. Sloss, Brian G. Jones, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, Charles Mcclennan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Valley-fill sequences, preserved in topographic lows associated with incised valley systems, potentially preserve a record of Holocene sea level fluctuations. A detailed litho- and biostratigraphy of the Holocene barrier estuary, Lake Illawarra, New South Wales has been constructed. Forty kilometres of seismic surveys, forty-one vibracores, supplemented by auger drill holes and trenches, and faunal analysis provides the data for this investigation. A detailed chronology of the infilling of the barrier estuary has been established using 115 aspartic acid derived ages and six radiocarbon ages. The results provide a detailed chronology for the deposition of marine transgressive deposits, barrier growth, and …

Revised Age For Mojokerto 1, An Early Homo Erectus Cranium From East Java, Indonesia, Michael Morwood, P O'Sullivan, E E. Susanto, F Aziz

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Dates of around 1.8 Ma have been claimed for a hominin cranial vault excavated near Mojokerto City in East Java, Indonesia. Such an early date for presumed Homo erectus in East Asia would require a major revision of the general model for timing of initial hominin dispersal 'Out of Africa'. Instead, our field study and redating of two pumice horizons at the site indicate that the age of the Mojokerto cranial vault is less than 1.49 Ma. Furthermore, we argue that a basic understanding of site and regional depositional processes is fundamental for assessing the significance of any radiometric date.

The Treatment Of Hypnotic Dependent Sleep Disorder: A Case Study, Theodore V. Cooper, K. L. Lichstein, N. Aguillard

Theodore V. Cooper

No abstract provided.

A Prospective Evaluation Of The Relationships Between Smoking Dosage And Body Mass Index In An Adolescent, Biracial Cohort., Theodore V. Cooper, R. C. Klesges, L. Robinson, S. Zbikowski

Theodore V. Cooper

No abstract provided.

Condom Use And Abstinence Among Unmarried Young People In Zimbabwe: Which Strategy, Whose Agenda?, Ravai Marindo, Steve Pearson, John B. Casterline

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper compares the views about abstinence and condom use expressed by young people in Zimbabwe in focus-group discussions with the views underlying national policies and religious and traditional beliefs. Young people’s decisions to adopt one or the other of these risk-reduction strategies may not necessarily indicate genuine individual choices, but rather their deference to adults’ interests as they understand those interests. Policymakers and traditional and Christian leaders promote abstinence as the exclusive strategy for all young people, whereas nongovernmental organizations and the private sector promote condom use. Evidence from the focus-group discussions indicates that adolescents are aware of this …

Report On The Consumpton Of Vegetables And Fruit In Nsw, Victoria M. Flood, Debra Hector, Liz Story

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Increasing vegetable and fruit consumption in the New South Wales population is a key public health priority. There is little dispute that high vegetable and fruit consumption confers significant health benefits. Epidemiological evidence indicates that increasing intakes of vegetables and fruit decreases the risk of major chronic diseases including cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, diverticulitis, cataracts, macular degeneration, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For optimal health benefits, the importance of consuming a variety of vegetables and fruit is stressed. It is also important that there appears to be a dose-response relationship between vegetable and fruit consumption and …

Comparing Solid Body With Point-Light Animations, Harold C. Hill, Yuri Jinno, Alan Johnston

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The movement of faces provides useful information for a variety of tasks and is now an active area of research. We compare here two ways of presenting face motion in experiments: as solid-body animations and as point-light displays. In the first experiment solid-body and point-light animations, based on the same motion-captured marker data, produced similar levels of performance on a sex-judgment task. The trend was for an advantage for the point-light displays, probably in part because of residual spatial cues available in such stimuli. In the second experiment we compared spatially normalised point-light displays of marker data with solid-body animations …

Policy And Program Implications Of The Matching Grants Program In The Philippines, Marilou Palabrica-Costello, Nimfa Ogena, Alejandro N. Herrin

Reproductive Health

In 1999, the Philippines Department of Health, with support from USAID and technical assistance from Management Sciences for Health (MSH), implemented the matching grants program (MGP) as a component of the local government performance program. The MGP aims to improve the capability of municipalities and component cities to expand service delivery, and to achieve significant increases in rates of fully immunized children, vitamin A supplementation, tetanus toxoid immunization for women, as well as in the use of family planning methods, especially modern methods. Upon the request of the USAID Mission, the Frontiers in Reproductive Health program worked closely with MSH …

The Feasibility Of Computer-Assisted Survey Interviewing In Africa: Experience From Two Rural Districts In Kenya, Paul C. Hewett, Annabel Erulkar, Barbara Mensch

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper explores the use of an audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (audio-CASI) methodology in a household survey of adolescents in two districts of Kenya. Computer software was developed as part of a research project comparing audio-CASI with traditional methods of interviewing about sensitive behaviors, including sexual initiation, risky sexual behavior, coerced sex, and drug and alcohol use. The paper describes the experience of carrying out a household-based study using computers and explores the technical challenges faced by the data collection teams. Few problems emerged with the computer hardware and software, despite the difficult interviewing conditions. The adolescent respondents easily adapted to …

Population Policy: A Concise Summary, Paul Demeny

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Population policies are deliberately constructed or modified institutional arrangements and/or specific programs through which governments influence, directly or indirectly, demographic change. For any given country, the aim of population policy may be narrowly construed as bringing about quantitative changes in the membership of the territorially circumscribed population under the government’s jurisdiction. Governments’ concern with population matters can also extend beyond the borders of their own jurisdictions. Thus, international aspects of population policy have become increasingly salient in the contemporary world. Additions to the population are primarily the result of individual decisions concerning childbearing. Within the constraints of their social milieu, …

Dispositional Hardiness And Women’S Well-Being Relating To Gender Discrimination: The Role Of Minimization, Mindi D. Foster, Kenneth L. Dion

Psychology Faculty Publications

Three studies examined whether personality-based hardiness would be associated with mental health benefits in contexts of gender discrimination. Hardy women encountering both a laboratory simulation and a hypothetical scenario of discrimination showed greater self-esteem and less negative affect than low hardy women. However, these benefits were mediated by the use of specific attributions, suggesting that the well-being in hardy women may have been achieved through minimizing the pervasiveness of discrimination. Study three showed this mediation pattern occurred only for participants exposed to higher threat scenarios versus lower threat scenarios of discrimination. Thus, minimizing the pervasiveness of discrimination may have been …

Wage Work And Marriage: Perspectives Of Egyptian Working Women, Sajeda Amin, Nagah Hassan Al Bassusi

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper explores young working women’s perceptions of marriage and work in contemporary Egypt at a time when an increase in age at marriage was evident from national survey data. Data from two nationally representative labor surveys, the Labor Force Sample Survey of 1988 and the Egypt Labor Market Survey of 1998, show that working conditions and employment opportunities declined significantly for young women even as their educational attainment increased. Indepth interviews were conducted with young women working in a range of salaried jobs in three locations: a rural village in Mansoura, a periurban district near Cairo, and in the …

Message Deleted? Resolving Physician-Patient E-Mail Through Contract Law, Michael Mccann

Law Faculty Scholarship

This article examines the impact of e-mail on the physician-patient relationship, and how contract law can resolve the uncertainties incumbent in this nascent form of communication. Significantly, courts have yet to indicate when the physician-patient relationship begins by e-mail, or to what extent e-mail affects the duties of the relationship. Instead of waiting for judicial guidance, physicians and patients can employ specialized contracts to clarify the role that e-mail plays in their relationship. As a result, more physicians and patients will regard e-mail correspondence as a valuable means of communication, and a tool for improving the quality of health care …