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Articles 38221 - 38250 of 38711

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Employment, Theory And Practice In Qualitative Medical Sociology, Mary Jo Deegan Mar 1980

Employment, Theory And Practice In Qualitative Medical Sociology, Mary Jo Deegan

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Applied qualitative medical sociology is almost an unheard of phenomenon. When it is done, however, It is usually accomplished by sociologists employed in academic institutions. Here we discuss the possibility of such a specialty, building upon the established literature and resources, as a potential area of employment and expanded sociology practice. Three "types" of approaches: symbolic interaction, phenomenology and Marxism are used to suggest the diversity and resources available in qualitative sociology.

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Aspects Of The Sociology Of Psychiatry, Hans S. Falck Mar 1980

Aspects Of The Sociology Of Psychiatry, Hans S. Falck

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

There can be little doubt that for the social scientist interested in the case of psychiatry there is much to learn. Not only is psychiatry a specialty in medicine, with a variety of subspecialities, is also enjoys links to other professions such as clinical psychology, psychiatric nursing and psychiatric social work. While in some sense this provides psychiatry the opportunity to be the renaissance man in medicine -- a situation which might elicit envy from others less universal and catholic -- it also causes it great difficulties and troubles. Nooone seems to know where psychiatry begins and ends; it suffers …

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Procedures For The Maintenance And Generalization Of Achieved Behavioral Change, John S. Wodarski Mar 1980

Procedures For The Maintenance And Generalization Of Achieved Behavioral Change, John S. Wodarski

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Procedures for the maintenance and generalization of achieved behavioral change in anti-social adolescents are reviewed. A review of follow-up studies which provides the rationale for the incorporation of such procedures in practice is initially elaborated. Specific items discussed are possible avenues to the maintenance and generalization of behavior: social networks, peers, and parents; training socially relevant behaviors; changing the conditions of training; gradually removing or fading the contingencies; delayed reinforcement; and self control procedures. Throughout the manuscript relevant case illustrations are reviewed.

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Comparisons Of Videotape Observation To Direct Observation, John W. Hanlan Feb 1980

Comparisons Of Videotape Observation To Direct Observation, John W. Hanlan

Dissertations and Theses

This research examined the validity of videotaped analyses of clinical sessions in comparison to direct (live) observations. The subjects were eleven student clinicians and their respective clients, enrolled Fall Term, 1979, in Portland State University's Speech and Hearing Sciences Articulation and Language and Urban Language Clinics. The Boone-Prescott Interactional Analysis System, a numerically coded system, was used to record clinician/client interactions. Data were obtained for a randomly selected five-minute period from each of thirty clinical sessions.

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Interview With David R. Adams (Fa 348), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Feb 1980

Interview With David R. Adams (Fa 348), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Oral Histories

Transcription of interview with David R. Adams conducted by Tammie Pickering and Gary Collins on 24 February 1985. From folk studies student project concerning the connection between trees and traditional folkways and details the medicinal properties of sassafras tea, the production of maple syrup, and the expressive crafts of woodcarving and carpentry.

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Ua12/2/1 February Magazine, Wku Student Affairs Feb 1980

Ua12/2/1 February Magazine, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

No abstract provided.

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Caffé Aroma, Caffé Aroma Jan 1980

Caffé Aroma, Caffé Aroma

Chef Steve Menu Collection

Buffalo's longest running locally owned coffe shop. Serving great coffee and espresso, beer liquor and wine, fine italian panini and other lite fare. Gourmet desserts prepared at Trattoria Aroma (Bryant and Ashland). 957 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo, NY 14222.

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Spot Coffee, Spot Coffee Jan 1980

Spot Coffee, Spot Coffee

Chef Steve Menu Collection

SPoT Coffee has been proudly operating in New York State since 1996. The company designs, builds, operates and franchises community-oriented cafés that provide customers with world class service, signature dishes and gourmet coffee roasted in-house. SPoT’s headquarters are located in downtown Buffalo, NY. 765 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo, NY 14222.

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Live Animals In Car Crash Studies, Nancy Heneson Jan 1980

Live Animals In Car Crash Studies, Nancy Heneson

Experimentation Collection

The scientific rationale for using live animals in car crash studies proceeds from the argument that comparative biomedical and biomechanical data are needed to develop an instrumented dummy, or anthropomorphic test device, which will provide reliable, reproducible information for designing safe cars. The animal studies are thus not really ends in themselves, i.e., they do not supply data which can be readily applied to real situations. Instead, they contribute to a pool of information which is supposed to lead to the perfecting of an experimental subject (the instrumented dummy) which will eventually render the further use of Iive animals unnecessary.

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Nsmr: Its Image, Direction And Future, J. Russell Lindsey Jan 1980

Nsmr: Its Image, Direction And Future, J. Russell Lindsey

Experimentation Collection

The point I wish to emphasize is that NSMR, like all of its predecessors representing the scientific community, has consistently maintained a defensive posture while claiming that a// practices of animal use and care within the biomedical community have been "lily white." In my judgment, this has been a major tactical error because abuses of freedoms to use animals in research too frequently have been and continue to be common knowledge (e.g., Science, Editorial, 1976). NSMR's complete unwillingness to face up to these realities and torespond positively to the public's legitimate concerns has led to the inevitable loss of credibility …

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Ethology And Laboratory Animal Welfare, James A. Cohen Jan 1980

Ethology And Laboratory Animal Welfare, James A. Cohen

Laboratory Experiments Collection

At its annual conference, held this June at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, the Animal Behavior Society (ABS) passed a resolution opposing HR 4805, a bill which would establish a National Center for Alternative Research to develop and coordinate alternative methods of research and testing which do not involve the use of live animals. The ABS, which represents some 1750 North American animal behavior researchers, took issue with the bill on the grounds that: a) it discourages replication of previously-obtained results, b) there are currently no satisfactory substitutes for live animals in behavioral research, c) it would complicate and …

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Laboratory Animals And Alternatives In The 80'S, Andrew N. Rowan Jan 1980

Laboratory Animals And Alternatives In The 80'S, Andrew N. Rowan

Laboratory Experiments Collection

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Fixed Interval And Continuous Biofeedback Reinforcement On Emg Frontalis Muscle Activity, Kathleen I. Twinem Jan 1980

Effects Of Fixed Interval And Continuous Biofeedback Reinforcement On Emg Frontalis Muscle Activity, Kathleen I. Twinem

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The effects of continuous vs. intermittent reinforcement using electromyographic (EMG) feedback as the reinforcer were compared in reducing frontalis muscle activity. Fourteen subjects were chosen from a group of 30 students who had expressed an interest in learning how to relax. Those students having the highest pre-experimental baseline scores were chosen. They were matched according to both those scores and sex and then randomly assigned to either a continuous biofeedback reinforcement group or a 30 sec. fixed interval biofeedback reinforcement group. The experiment consisted of nine sessions (three acquisition, two treatment, and four extinction) with integrated EMG activity from the …

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Hanover Street: An Experiment To Train Women In Welding And Carpentry, Peggy Antrobus, Barbara Rogers Jan 1980

Hanover Street: An Experiment To Train Women In Welding And Carpentry, Peggy Antrobus, Barbara Rogers

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Hanover Street Project, formally known as the United Women’s Woodworking and Welding Project, is an experiment in training women for jobs usually held only by men. Begun in 1976, this was the first such program of the Jamaica Women's Bureau, established by the government during International Women's Year to ensure that women participate fully in Jamaica’s development. The project demonstrated that low-income women can learn non-traditional skills and can work together to improve their lives. Through trial and error, the project is providing the Women's Bureau with a wealth of information about teaching technical skills, working with other government …

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Market Women's Cooperatives: Giving Women Credit, Judith Bruce Jan 1980

Market Women's Cooperatives: Giving Women Credit, Judith Bruce

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

In 1972, the Nicaraguan Foundation for Development (Fundación Nicaraguense de Desarrollo—FUNDE), one of two programs sponsored by the Nicaraguan Institute of Development, became aware of market women's need for credit. This issue of SEEDS describes FUNDE's experience in developing savings and loan cooperatives to meet this need. This summary stresses the human aspects of the process as much as the financial and technical ones. The project has been successful because the cooperatives have built upon the existing market women's culture, utilizing all the subtle and complex interpersonal relationships established over the years. In essence what the cooperatives have done is …

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Pain-Infliction In Animal Research, Dorothy Tennov Jan 1980

Pain-Infliction In Animal Research, Dorothy Tennov

Experimentation Collection

A summary of research outlining the main sources of pain and stress to animals in laboratories provides the background for the results of a survey conducted by the author on how students feel about experimentation involving animals. The psychological aspects of student reaction to animal experimentation are examined. The conclusion outlines specific recommendations on ways to minimize pain and discomfort of laboratory animals.

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Definition Of The Concept Of "Humane Treatment" In Relation To Food And Laboratory Animals, Bernard E. Rollin Jan 1980

Definition Of The Concept Of "Humane Treatment" In Relation To Food And Laboratory Animals, Bernard E. Rollin

Animal Welfare Collection

The very title of this talk makes a suggestion which must be forestalled, namely the idea that laboratory and food animals enjoy some exceptional moral status by virtue of the fact that we use them. In fact, it is extremely difficult to find any morally relevant grounds for distinguishing between food and laboratory animals and other animals and, far more dramatically, between animals and humans. The same conditions which require that we apply moral categories to humans rationally require that we apply them to animals as well. While it is obviously pragmatically impossible in our current sociocultural setting to expect …

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Amputation Of Vibrissae In Show Dogs, Thomas E. Mcgill Jan 1980

Amputation Of Vibrissae In Show Dogs, Thomas E. Mcgill

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

Dogs of many different breeds competing in the show-ring are routinely subjected to amputation of the vibrissae, organs that are commonly and incorrectly called "whiskers." This procedure is thought to give the animal's head a cleaner look, which in turn supposedly increases its chances of winning. There are several tricks involved in "whisker trimming" since the animals can retract each vibrissae at least one-quarter inch. Furthermore, they often object strenuously to the operation.

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Androgyny And Attribution: Effects Of Sex Role Adoption, Sex-Linkage Of Task, And Outcome On Causal Attributions For Success And Failure, Vally M. Sharpe Jan 1980

Androgyny And Attribution: Effects Of Sex Role Adoption, Sex-Linkage Of Task, And Outcome On Causal Attributions For Success And Failure, Vally M. Sharpe

Legacy ETDs

Thirty androgynous females, 30 androgynous males, 30 feminine females, and 30 masculine males participated at either a masculine-linked task (wiring a telephone), a feminine-linked task (doing needlepoint), or a neutral task (doing anagrams). Half of the subjects were given success feedback; half were given failure feedback. Each subject, after receiving feedback, completed a post-task questionnaire from which causal attribution ratings for four factors: ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck, were obtained. Scores were analyzed by means of 4x3x2 multivariate analyses of variance."Success" subjects attributed success to ability (F=18.007, df=1/96, p

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Village Women Organize: The Mraru Bus Service, Jill Kneerim Jan 1980

Village Women Organize: The Mraru Bus Service, Jill Kneerim

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Mraru Women's Group in rural Kenya, like many community women's organizations around the world, is an example of a deeply rooted tradition of association and self-help among women. In 1971 the group began to gather its resources to solve a common problem—transportation. They raised money, bought a bus, and began a public transport service that made money; they now face other difficult questions such as reinvesting profits, serving members' broader needs, and maintaining a strong economic base. The Mraru Women's Group has shown unusual creativity and persistence in identifying common needs and organizing to meet them. They have also …

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A Comparsion Of Verbal Abilities Of Adult Aphasic Speakers : Pica Verbal Subtests And Word-Morpheme Means, Joann Uhley Jan 1980

A Comparsion Of Verbal Abilities Of Adult Aphasic Speakers : Pica Verbal Subtests And Word-Morpheme Means, Joann Uhley

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine whether correlations existed between a measure of linguistic complexity in spontaneous speech and performance on the four verbal subtests of the PICA.

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Behavioral Correlates Of Parental Attitudes Expressed By Child Care Staff In A Residential Treatment Program For Emotionally Disturbed Children, Sheryl Schechinger Jan 1980

Behavioral Correlates Of Parental Attitudes Expressed By Child Care Staff In A Residential Treatment Program For Emotionally Disturbed Children, Sheryl Schechinger

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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A Developmental Analysis Of Attentional Processes In Educabley Mentally Retarded And Normally Developing Children, Ronald T. Brown Jan 1980

A Developmental Analysis Of Attentional Processes In Educabley Mentally Retarded And Normally Developing Children, Ronald T. Brown

Integrated Health Sciences Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

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Comparative Effects Of Two Avoidance Paradigms Upon Ethanol Self-Selection, Richard O. Shellenberger Ii Jan 1980

Comparative Effects Of Two Avoidance Paradigms Upon Ethanol Self-Selection, Richard O. Shellenberger Ii

Masters Theses

Twelve adult male rats were given free access to a two bottle free-selection of tap water or a 10% ethanol/tap water solution in the home cage for a period of 140 consecutive days with the alcohol consumption data in the form of mg absolute ETOH/g subject weight collected daily. This study incorporated three stages. Phase I was a 40 day period of alcohol acclimation with alcohol consumption during the second 20 days constituting the baseline consumption rate. Mean baseline alcohol consumption was used to block subjects into three groups. The second phase of the study consisted of an 80 day …

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Children's Responses To Medically Induced Discrete, Acute Pain, Brenda D. Ballard Jan 1980

Children's Responses To Medically Induced Discrete, Acute Pain, Brenda D. Ballard

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Three experiments were carried out with children in a private office on the measurement of distress caused by allergy treatment injections and on a behavioral technique to alleviate this treatment-induced distress. In Experiment 1 a rating scale to measure observable indices of distress with children receiving injections was developed and its construct validity and reliability determined. In Experiment 2, norms were derived for the sample of children studied and the nature of the expression of distress according to age and sex was examined. In Experiment 3 two treatments for alleviating the treatment-induced distress, (a) sensory information, and (b) systematic reinforcement …

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The Effects Of Imipramine On Learned Helplessness, Helga Friederike Remler Jan 1980

The Effects Of Imipramine On Learned Helplessness, Helga Friederike Remler

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

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Interpersonal Behavior And Depression : An Examination Of Self-Descriptions On The Interpersonal Check List, Douglas Steven Andrews Jan 1980

Interpersonal Behavior And Depression : An Examination Of Self-Descriptions On The Interpersonal Check List, Douglas Steven Andrews

Dissertations and Theses

Depressive disorders are recognized as being of long standing clinical and theoretical concern. Early psychoanalytic conceptualizations of depression were later reformulated into theories emphasizing interpersonal manifestations of depression, notably passive-dependent oral trends (Chodoff, 1972). Recent research efforts (e.g. Youngren and Lewinsohn, 1980; Weissman and Paykel, 1974; Libet and Lewinsohn,. 1973) have explored specific interpersonal behaviors and their relationship to depression. Although some studies have been done utilizing self-report data of interpersonal behavior (e.g. Brown and Goodstein, 1962; Black, 1960), little has been done utilizing self-descriptions of interpersonal traits drawn from a sample of clinically depressed psychiatric outpatients.

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The Validity Of The Leiter International Performance Scale In Measuring The Intelligence Of Normal, Borderline, And Mentally Deficient Children, Marlin Pezner Jan 1980

The Validity Of The Leiter International Performance Scale In Measuring The Intelligence Of Normal, Borderline, And Mentally Deficient Children, Marlin Pezner

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this project was to compare IQ scores obtained using the Leiter International Performance Scale to those obtained using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R).

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Normative Data On The Auditory Memory Test Battery, Mary Clare Mountain Jan 1980

Normative Data On The Auditory Memory Test Battery, Mary Clare Mountain

Dissertations and Theses

This study examined the means and standard deviations for the Auditory Memory Test Battery (Burford, 1976) using a sample of normal second, third, and fourth grade children. The study also compared span and sequence scores, low and high SES scores, and an individual's test scores with teacher judgment of intelligence group. A brief examination of the AMTB as used with LD children was also performed but not included in the statistical analysis.

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The Status In 1980 Of The Toulmin Model Of Argument In The Area Of Speech Communication, Jeffrey Robert Sweeney Jan 1980

The Status In 1980 Of The Toulmin Model Of Argument In The Area Of Speech Communication, Jeffrey Robert Sweeney

Dissertations and Theses

In 1958 Stephen E. Toulmin wrote of inadequacies of formal logic and proposed a new field-dependent approach to the analysis of arguments. Despite a generally negative response to his proposal from formal logicians, Toulmin's model for the laying out of arguments for analysis was subsequently appropriated by several speech communication textbook writers. In some textbooks, the Toulmin model has become successor to the syllogism as the paradigm of logical argument. Yet, perhaps due to their seemingly uncritical acceptance of Toulmin's approach there appears to be serious disagreement and confusion among speech communication professionals about the nature and applications of the …

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