Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Power Of Situations: An Approach To Understanding Powerlessness And Oppression, Dennis Saleebey, Mary Ski Hunter

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Much of the difficulty people have in organizing, directing, and coping with their lives is, perhaps, directly traceable to their lack of awareness of, and erroneous assumptions about, the interactional contexts in which they seem or feel powerless. This is especially true, but not exclusively so, of the poor and ethnic, sexual, and political minorities. To the extent that powerlessness exists and is implicated in the various miseries of existence, the role of social worker as advocate, broker, counselor, or agent of change might profitably and accurately be defined in interactional, structural terms.

Factors Associated With Police And Probation/Court Dispositioning: A Research Note, Cheryl Chambers, Richard M. Grinnell Jr., Richard L. Gorsuch

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This article presents the results of an empirically based study that examined the discretionary process operating within the same juvenile justice system. Assessment of the factors influencing the decision-making process at two points within the same system indicate some consistent factors operating between the two points.

The Deinstitutionalization Of Juvenile Status Offenders: New Myths And Old Realities, C. Aaron Mcneece

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Claims are being made for deinstitutionalization that obscure some of the lesser known, negative effects. Within the juvenile justice system, for example, many juveniles who were previously institutionalized as juvenile status offenders are being relabelled and institutionalized as jivenile delinquents. In the state system studied in this report, the total number of juveniles in institutional programs did not decrease during the period of "deinstitutionalization."

The Occupational Prestige Of Social Work, Gerald L. Euster

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

A survey of two hundred and fifty six social work educators pertaining to the prestige of social workers indicated that social workers were viewed as havinq less prestige than fourteen of the twenty-two occupations with whom they were compared. Factors both contributing to and lessening the prestige of social work were identified, as well as suggestions for enhancing social work's prestige.

Demographic Correlates Of Self-Esteem Among Black And White Afdc Recipients, Srinika Jayaratne, Wayne A. Chess, Julia Norlin, John Bryan

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This study was concerned with the extent to which different demographic characteristics would offer explanations with regard to self-esteem among black and white AFDC recipients. Basically, the analysis revealed no differences in self-esteem between the black and white women in this sample. The major correlates of self-esteem for whites were work and education, whereas, the major correlates of self-esteem for blacks were the presence of children and work.

Work Ethic And Work Incentives: Values And Income Maintenance Reform, Beverly G. Toomey

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Although the American belief system surrounding the concept of work has been analyzed and challenged by social scientists seeking solutions to the problem of poverty, the strength of the work ethic philosophy is still evident in public resistance to welfare reform which would support adequate income maintenance and government efforts at job creation. This paper discusses the relationship between the work ethic philosophy, job creation programming and welfare reform. It reviews relevant theoretical and empirical literature and identifies some misconceptions which continue to hamper policy formulation and program development in welfare reform.

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 7, No. 2 (March 1980)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Table of Contents

• Work Ethic and Work Incentives: Values and Income Maintenance Reform - BEVERLY G. TOOMEY
• Game Preferences of Delinquent and Non-deliquent Boys - SHRAGA SEROK,
• ARTHUR BLUM
• The Power of Situations: An Approach to Understanding Powerlessness and Oppression - DENNIS SALEEBEY, MARY SKI HER
• Day Care: A Spectrum of Issues and Policy Options - WILLIAM ROTH
• Employment, Theory and Practice in Qualitative medical Sociology - MARY JO DEEGAN
• Aspects of the Sociology of Psychiatry - HANS S. FALCK
• The Deinstitutionalization of Juvenile Status Offenders: New Myths and Old Realities - C. AARON McNEECE
• Factors Associated with Police and …

Game Preferences Of Delinquent And Non-Delinquent Boys, Shraga Serok, Arthur Blum

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Viewing delinquency as unsocializized behavior and games as a mini-life social situation demanding social conformity, it was predicted that differences would be found between delinquent and non-delinquent boys in their preferences for types of games. Fifty delinquent and fifty non-delinquent boys were studied and findings indicate that: 1) delinquents show greater preference for games of chance and non-delinquents for games of strategy, and 2) delinquents prefer games with low rule specificity and high opportunity for the direct expression of agression, while non-delinquents prefer games with the opposite characteristics.

An area of major neglect in the massive literature on juvenile delinquency …

Day Care: A Spectrum Of Issues And Policy Options, William Roth

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Currently, debates about the merits of one form or another of day care frequently miss some significant issues and hence some of the important policy options may be ruled out or in for the wrong reasons. Here, child day care is layed on a spectrum one end of which offers maximum market freedom in the form of income redistribution, a negative income tax, children's allowance, or other transfer assistance, to be spent on the market if so desired for day care services, and on the other end of the spectrum a system of comprehensive child day care centers. In between …

Employment, Theory And Practice In Qualitative Medical Sociology, Mary Jo Deegan

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Applied qualitative medical sociology is almost an unheard of phenomenon. When it is done, however, It is usually accomplished by sociologists employed in academic institutions. Here we discuss the possibility of such a specialty, building upon the established literature and resources, as a potential area of employment and expanded sociology practice. Three "types" of approaches: symbolic interaction, phenomenology and Marxism are used to suggest the diversity and resources available in qualitative sociology.

Aspects Of The Sociology Of Psychiatry, Hans S. Falck

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

There can be little doubt that for the social scientist interested in the case of psychiatry there is much to learn. Not only is psychiatry a specialty in medicine, with a variety of subspecialities, is also enjoys links to other professions such as clinical psychology, psychiatric nursing and psychiatric social work. While in some sense this provides psychiatry the opportunity to be the renaissance man in medicine -- a situation which might elicit envy from others less universal and catholic -- it also causes it great difficulties and troubles. Nooone seems to know where psychiatry begins and ends; it suffers …

The History And Promise Of Formal Survey Analysis For Social Work, Duncan Lindsey

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Since its inception social work has struggled with determining the function and status of research in the professional enterprise. The emergence of professional social work was concurrent with the major developments in the methodology of empirical social research and statistical analysis. To understand the current position of research in social work requires tracing back the origins of empirical research with special attention to its connection with the emergence of the social work profession.

The efforts of the survey movement represent the first major attempt to introduce research methodology into the field of social work (Zimbalist, 1977; Young, 1949). In the …

Procedures For The Maintenance And Generalization Of Achieved Behavioral Change, John S. Wodarski

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Procedures for the maintenance and generalization of achieved behavioral change in anti-social adolescents are reviewed. A review of follow-up studies which provides the rationale for the incorporation of such procedures in practice is initially elaborated. Specific items discussed are possible avenues to the maintenance and generalization of behavior: social networks, peers, and parents; training socially relevant behaviors; changing the conditions of training; gradually removing or fading the contingencies; delayed reinforcement; and self control procedures. Throughout the manuscript relevant case illustrations are reviewed.

Revolution By Evolution: The Needed Graduate Response To Undergraduate Social Work Education, Roger A. Lohmann

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This paper is an assessment of the state of the art of graduate social work curricula with particular reference to the lag of such curriculum in responding to the maturation of undergraduate social work education. Advanced standing programs, it is suggested, offer a purely administrative solution to the curriculum question posed by the new continuum of social work education. An ad hoc trial and error problem-solving strategy is called for, on the basis of four assumptions: the primary of the BSW curriculum; and the advanced, specialized and applied science character of graduate social work.

Will Carter's Welfare Reform Plan Reform Welfare?: Evidence From Empirical Research, Mary Bryna Sanger

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper introduces the central dimensions which have emerged in the current welfare reform debate. They include adaquacy, work incentives, family stability and cost. The last legislative session introduced a new group of "welfare reform" proposals, each attempting to address these critiques of the current welfare system. Considering four major bills including Carter's Comprehensive Program for Better Jobs and Income on the basis of recent research findings, results in a tentative preference for Carter's plan. It addresses the major reform dimensions better than the others and would result in modest improvements. Nevertheless, true reform is unlikely to be achieved by …

Toward The Democratization Of The Social Policy Process, L. K. Northwood

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the nature of social policies and the public policymaking process. It is demonstrated that public social policies tend to accrue an aura or ideology of benevolence that is only partially warranted, and that may be quite misleading to policy analysts and citizenry. The major thrust of the paper is to consider the social policy process as a strategy for public decision-making. As such, properly organized, it can provide an alternative and complementary strategy to electoral politics and protest movements. To be effective as a strategy, three major barriers must be overcome: …

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 7, No. 1 (January 1980)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Table of Contents

• Towards the Democratization of the Social Policy Process. - L. K. NORTHWOOD
• Will Carter's Welfare Reform Plan Reform Welfare?: Evidence from Empirical Research - MARY BRYNA SANGER
• The "Guestworker" as Metaphor: In Clarification of Social-Economic Contradictions and Systemic Crisis - STEPHEN I. WOODS
• Toward a Full Employment Policy: An Overview - ALVIN KOGUT, SYLVIA ARON
• Political De-moralization of the Poor: Organizing lower-class Families of the Mentally Retarded - LEONARD FONTANA
• Social Welfare Agencies and Social Reform movements: The Case of the Single Parent Family - MICHAEL J. SMITH, BETH MOSES
• Historic Trends in the Delivery of Services …

Toward A Full Employment Policy: An Overview, Alvin Kogut, Sylvia Aron

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Unlike more advanced welfare states, the U.S. has not committed itself to a full employment policy: the full dimensions of unemployment are not revealed and the "manpower" programs reflect a welfare philosophy. While constraints to such a commitment remain formidable, the developments around Humphrey-Hawkins may be a start.

Social Welfare Agencies And Social Reform Movements: The Case Of The Single Parent Family, Michael J. Smith, Beth Moses

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

To a greater extent than before, social welfare agencies are emphasizing social change over direct services. A social reform movement is a mechanism by which societal and institutional change may be accomplished. The relationship between social welfare organizations and social movements has not been clearly defined. The sociological theories of Smelser, Turner, Killian and others on collective behavior and social movements provide a useful knowledge base for welfare organizations and professionals espousing social reform goals. The single parent family population is discussed as a group with the potential to generate into a social reform movement.

Historic Trends In The Delivery Of Services To Teenage Parents, Nancy Aries

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper will examine the political, social, and economic factors which underlie the transition in services from unwed mothers to teenage parents over the past 15 years. The experience of agencies in the Boston area serves as the basis for this case study. Data have been collected from open-ended interviews with key service providers who have developed and implemented policy related to adolescent parents.

The findings indicate that, prior to 1960, agencies were responding to what was perceived as individual problems or circumstances. Illegitimacy was thought to be an unconscious attempt by white middle class women to fulfill psychological needs. …

The "Guestworker" As Metaphor: In Clarification Of Social Economic Contradictions And Systemic Crisis., Stephen I. Woods

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

In May 1979 the French National Assembly passed legislation giving the government sweeping powers to expel foreign workers. Yet neither the government nor the employers really want to send most of the immigrant workers home, and thereby lose them as a source of cheap labor for both public and private enterprise. It is likely that the employers hope to use the new legislation to keep foreign workers in a state of permanent insecurity, to discourage them from protesting against their low pay, poor working conditions and the racism they encounter daily. Indeed, employers would like to see foreign workers treated …

Political De-Moralization Of The Poor: Organizing Lower-Class Families Of The Mentally Retarded, Leonard Fontana

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper employs an analytic framework based on organizational incentives to explain the failure of recent welfare reform efforts. The data consists of observations, interviews, and routine inhouse reports collected on a federally funded program, Project STAR. The project was developed with the aim of mobilizing lower-class and minority families of the mentally retarded in support of reform of mental retardation services in five cities in the U.S. A service-inducement strategy was pursued by the reform organization to overcome the difficulties of enticing lower-class families of the retarded to participate in organizational activities. This strategy appears to have had several …

Adaptation To Dominant Society : A Self Study Of A Woman Of Mixed Race, Black/Indian, Helen Marie Camel

Dissertations and Theses

This research effort is based on the life and development process which the author has experienced and is currently experiencing. This effort for all intents and purposes, is an individual self-study. "Critical Incidents" have been utilized to develop a sense of understanding for the reader. In reading this paper, one can see that at times negative social and cultural situations would cause the author an unusually high level of inner stress, which was not always apparent to the outside world.

Community Development: Youth Programming In A Model Neighborhood In Peoria, Illinois, Ann Flesor Henby

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a youth program in a minority "model neighborhood" area located in a low-income tract in Peoria, Illinois. There were approximately forty youth served from June through November, 1980. A journal was kept during this time, reflecting the interaction among the youth coordinator, the youth and their parents, and the staff of the agency, Common Place. The journal revealed the process of developing and implementing program in Common Place's "model neighborhood". Results of the program were compared to previous research on youth programs and others' personal working experiences in a minority …

A Study Of The Crisis Nature Of The Preparenthood Period And Implications For Preventative Social Work Practice, Julie Jean Colton

Dissertations and Theses

This study addresses the preparenthood period of family life, that period from conception to six weeks after the infant is born. This period was of great interest because in nine years of social work practice I have recognized that families resist change after their particular family system process, even destructive process, is established. I also believe that the order, or disorder, of society depends upon the order of the institution of the family. Other institutions of society depend upon the family for their existence.

Multiple Impact Therapy: Evaluation And Design For Future Study, Jacqueline H. Abikoff

Dissertations and Theses

The theoretical underpinnings of Washington County Children's Services Division (CSD) Immediate Conflict-Resolution Family Treatment Program include the systems theory of family therapy with a focus on communication and roles. One of the many approaches to helping families in crisis, it incorporates theories regarding assessment of and intervention in families in crisis. Finally, while it draws upon several different approaches to family therapy, the Washington County program is most closely related to Multiple Impact Therapy (MIT). Thus, a review of relevant literature must address portions of the above enumerated theories that illuminate the thinking behind the Immediate Conflict-Resolution Family Treatment Program. …

Homemaker And Former Clientele Evaluation Of The Homemaker Service Of Lane County, Marcia A. Leonard

Dissertations and Theses

A program evaluation of the Homemaker Service of Lane County, through use of the Homemaker Opinion Survey and the Former Clientele Satisfaction Survey was implemented because of the interest expressed by the program director to evaluate the program. The master report of the evaluation was submitted to the Homemaker Service of Lane County under the title "Report of the Homemaker and Former Clientele Evaluation of the Homemaker Service of Lane County, 1979." Chapter IV (Findings) of this report, "Homemaker and Former Clientele Evaluation of the Homemaker Service of Lane County," is a condensed version of that found in the master …

Evaluative Styles Of Clinicians In Private Practice, Daniel R. Brophy

Dissertations and Theses

A belief shared by all members of the research team was that evaluation is a tool that can be used to improve the effectiveness of clinical practice. Prompted by this interest, a research project was designed to gather descriptive data about evaluation in the private sector. The research question reads:

To what extent and in what way are licensed clinical psychologists and clinical MSW's in the private sector involved in evaluating their practice?

a. Are these clinicians using formative and/or summative evaluation?

b. What techniques and/or mental processes do they use?

A Generalist Approach To Social Work Practice: Model And Synthesis, Chuck H. Johnson, Paul S. Knight, Michael W. Krumper, John H. Rademaker

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this research practicum is twofold. First, to present a synthesis of current generalist literature and to formulate a practice model which is both comprehensive and representative of current generalist practice in direct services. To our knowledge there is no single reference or source which in and of itself accomplishes this purpose. Therefore, such a model would make an important contribution to the field. Second, to develop a questionnaire which could be used to conduct a descriptive survey of generalist social work practice in Oregon. It would determine the extent to which practitioners in Oregon are practicing as …

Salem Teen Mother Program: A Follow-Up Study, Frances L. Barton

Dissertations and Theses

Society has, historically, reacted to teenage pregnancies with a mixture of embarrassment, apathy and neglect. It wasn't until the 1960's that an attempt was made to design and implement programs to meet the needs of pregnant adolescents. An example of such a program is the Salem Teen Mother Program. This program was begun in 1966 and is affiliated with the local YWCA. If offers a comprehensive program to approximately 150 students each year. The services it offers include day care, social services and counseling, education, health services, parenting skills and employment counseling.

The following chapters include a literature review which …