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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Relationship Between Planning Process And Job Satisfaction Of Part-Time Personnel, Saskia Azalia, Ali Araafi Akbar Jul 2024

The Relationship Between Planning Process And Job Satisfaction Of Part-Time Personnel, Saskia Azalia, Ali Araafi Akbar

Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Terapan

This research investigates the part-time Human Resource Planning process at the Indonesia International Motor Show (IIMS) 2022 event organized by PT Dyandra Promosindo, alongside the job satisfaction levels of the Human Resources during their tenure. Employing a qualitative approach, we utilized methods such as direct field observations, interviews, and the distribution of questionnaires (surveys) to assess Human Resource performance. The findings indicate that the part-time Human Resource Planning process at PT Dyandra Promosindo encompasses forecasting requirements, identifying the requisite number of Human Resources, determining Human Resource needs, training (briefing), and monitoring and controlling. The job satisfaction levels of the Human …


Digital Marketing Strategies For The Jakarta International Handicraft Trade Fair (Inacraft), Ranisya Yasfiani Syafira, Poeti Gladyzka Emiria Jul 2024

Digital Marketing Strategies For The Jakarta International Handicraft Trade Fair (Inacraft), Ranisya Yasfiani Syafira, Poeti Gladyzka Emiria

Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Terapan

Nowadays, digital marketing is crucial for companies to advertise products or services via digital media or platforms, allowing them to reach a broader audience through the internet. Numerous companies implement digital marketing strategies; one such firm is PT Mediatama Binakreasi. This study examines digital marketing metrics such as expenditure, bidirectional communication, incentive programs, and website design. It also investigates the digital marketing practices employed for the INACRAFT 2023 event by the Marketing Communication division at PT Mediatama Binakreasi. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interaction with existing metrics, identify digital marketing forms, and analyze the content creation …


Exploring Urban Tourism Potential Through Placemaking: A Case Study Of Pluit Muara-Angke, Jakarta, Yvonne Maura Agatha, Lydia Freyani Hawadi Jul 2024

Exploring Urban Tourism Potential Through Placemaking: A Case Study Of Pluit Muara-Angke, Jakarta, Yvonne Maura Agatha, Lydia Freyani Hawadi

Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Terapan

The potential of Jakarta as a tourist attraction, particularly in urban tourism, continues to expand in line with the city's unceasing developments. Consequently, the Jakarta Provincial Tourism and Creative Economy Agency (Disparekraf) has implemented a program to establish Jakarta as an appealing and competitive urban tourism destination within the region. To achieve this vision, the government issued a mandate under Regional Strategic Activities (KSD) No. 70 regarding the Development of Jakarta Tourism Areas/Destinations, focusing primarily on the activation of urban tourism across the five municipalities of Jakarta. For North Jakarta, the designated area is the Pluit-Muara Angke area. This paper …


Analysis Of Global Tourism And Creative Economy Trends To Support Jakarta As A Global City, Banu Muhammad Haidlir, Budiman Mahmud Musthofa, Basuki Muhammad Mukhlish Jul 2024

Analysis Of Global Tourism And Creative Economy Trends To Support Jakarta As A Global City, Banu Muhammad Haidlir, Budiman Mahmud Musthofa, Basuki Muhammad Mukhlish

Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Policy Studies

The city of Jakarta is currently faced with new challenges to become a global city because the status of the country's capital has been revoked. The transformation of Jakarta into a global city requires in-depth study by exploring global trends and looking for the city's potential so that Jakarta can become a globally competitive city. One of the areas that is the focus of this study is tourism and the creative economy. The aim of this study is to analyze global and national trends in tourism and the creative economy. Through library research and document study methods, the author discovered …


Identifying Promotion Strategies For Warungboto Tourism Village, Amri Nur Yahya, Haris Aulia Rahman Jul 2024

Identifying Promotion Strategies For Warungboto Tourism Village, Amri Nur Yahya, Haris Aulia Rahman

Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Terapan

Yogyakarta has about 17 tourist villages, each with its own unique potential as a tourist attraction. One of them is Warungboto Tourism Village, a village in the city of Yogyakarta that is currently used as a tourist destination, featuring four primary concepts: learning, art, culture, and history. However, as the village is relatively unknown due to a lack of promotion by its management. The local government and related tourism agencies should assist in promoting Warungboto Tourism Village as a tourist attraction. This promotion could help diversify tourist experiences and combat tourist fatigue, enhancing the appeal alongside other tourism sites. Additionally, …


Strategic Directions For Developing Smart Tourism: A Policy Framework By The Ministry Of Tourism And Creative Economy, Cintaku Hening Telaga Wibowo, Nusaiba Adzilla Jul 2024

Strategic Directions For Developing Smart Tourism: A Policy Framework By The Ministry Of Tourism And Creative Economy, Cintaku Hening Telaga Wibowo, Nusaiba Adzilla

Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Terapan

As the epicenter of Indonesia's government and economy, Jakarta is expected to spearhead the growth of the tourism industry. To meet this expectation in the context of the fourth industrial revolution and the era of digitalization, Jakarta’s tourism sector must be bolstered by various ICT applications. These applications are crucial for enhancing both the city's tourism competitiveness and the visitor experience. The concept of a "Smart Tourism City" has gained traction as a means to achieve these objectives. This concept focuses on smart tourist governance in terms of attractiveness, accessibility, readiness for digitalization, sustainability, and fostering partnerships. This study aims …


Three Essays In Food Security And The U.S. Sugar Program, Jacob Michels Jul 2024

Three Essays In Food Security And The U.S. Sugar Program, Jacob Michels

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents from University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Chapter one devises an approach to adjust estimates of the number of food insecure for changes in sedentarism over time. Existing methodologies are biased upwards and date back several decades. We build a household model utilizing a Stone-Geary utility function, which rationalizes households shifting their labor decisions towards sedentary activities. Our comparative statics examine the impacts of changes in the productivities of sedentary types, as opposed to my physically demanding types, of activities and also their returns. Our empirical approach is informed by our theoretical model and comparative statics, in which we construct a unique pseudo-panel dataset. Sitting time serves …


Same-Sex Coupled Households In The Mountain West, 2020 Census, Zachary Billot, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr. Jul 2024

Same-Sex Coupled Households In The Mountain West, 2020 Census, Zachary Billot, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Demography

This fact sheet examines same-sex partnership household data from the 2020 United States Decennial Census. This fact sheet analyzes married and unmarried same-sex households in relation to all partnered households in the five Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah.


Envisioning Queer And Trans Educational Futures In Contentious Times: Editors’ Introduction, Kamden Strunk, Antonio Duran, Stephanie Anne Shelton Jul 2024

Envisioning Queer And Trans Educational Futures In Contentious Times: Editors’ Introduction, Kamden Strunk, Antonio Duran, Stephanie Anne Shelton

Journal of Queer and Trans Studies in Education

The field of queer and trans studies has significantly grown, becoming interdisciplinary and intersectional, yet facing existential threats. A range of anti-queer and trans legislation, particularly targeting trans youth, and polarized political rhetoric have increased risks and eroded public support. This special issue of the Journal of Queer and Trans Studies in Education explores queer and trans futures amidst these challenges. Highlighting various scholarly perspectives, it addresses educational disparities, decolonial queer epistemologies, and intersectional frameworks. Growing out of interdisciplinary collaborations and years of conversations, the journal aims to provide a rigorous, open-access platform for innovative, anti-oppressive scholarship, fostering activism, practice, …


Teaching Staff Mathematics University: Catalyst Of The Emotional-Techno-Ontological Logic, Derling Jose Mendoza Velazco Dr, Magda Francisca Cejas Martínez Phd, Carmen Siavil Varguillas Carmona Phd, Mercedes Carolina Navarro Cejas Phd, Gina Silvana Venegas Álvarez M.Sc. Jul 2024

Teaching Staff Mathematics University: Catalyst Of The Emotional-Techno-Ontological Logic, Derling Jose Mendoza Velazco Dr, Magda Francisca Cejas Martínez Phd, Carmen Siavil Varguillas Carmona Phd, Mercedes Carolina Navarro Cejas Phd, Gina Silvana Venegas Álvarez M.Sc.

The Qualitative Report

The relevance of the study lies in the necessity to investigate the psycho-emotional state of teachers during the transition to remote teaching in universities and its impact on academic performance and emotional state of students. The aim of the research was to develop a theoretical approach to describe the emotional and techno-ontological logic of mathematics teachers during distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of their emotional state on the learning process. The study involved teachers and students from universities in Ecuador, both private and public. The study observed the behavior of teachers and students, analyzed the use …


Neighborhood Socioeconomic Context Predicts Pediatric Asthma Exacerbation, Ashley W. Kranjac, Zeev N. Kain, Louis Ehwerhemuepha, Michael Weiss, Brooke N. Jenkins Jul 2024

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Context Predicts Pediatric Asthma Exacerbation, Ashley W. Kranjac, Zeev N. Kain, Louis Ehwerhemuepha, Michael Weiss, Brooke N. Jenkins

Sociology Faculty Articles and Research

Causes of asthma exacerbation in children have been studied extensively at the individual level, but contributions of neighborhood-level factors are less explored. We test which distinctive residential characteristics produce variation in uncontrolled asthma among pediatric patients. We extracted electronic medical record data from pediatric patients living in Southern California and used multilevel modeling techniques to isolate which neighborhood characteristics drive inequitable asthma control. Above and beyond the individual-level factors known to predict inadequate disease control, neighborhoods with greater concentration of non-Hispanic black residents (odds ratios [OR] = 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-1.03; P < .05), higher proportions of female-headed households (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.99-1.01; P < .05), and higher levels of ambient air pollution (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.10; P < .001) associate with greater odds of asthma exacerbation. The interplay between community characteristics and asthma management during childhood is complex, and place-based initiatives are needed to narrow the gap in asthma exacerbation.


Graduates Of Southern Nevada Public High Schools And Unlv, 2010-2022, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr. Jul 2024

Graduates Of Southern Nevada Public High Schools And Unlv, 2010-2022, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Higher Education

This fact sheet reports data for individuals who earned both a diploma from a high school in Southern Nevada and a bachelor’s degree at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) between 2010 and 2022, as well as the race/ethnicity and gender of these graduates.


Towards A Mosim Christology: A Korean Response, Hwang Kyung-Hoon Jul 2024

Towards A Mosim Christology: A Korean Response, Hwang Kyung-Hoon

Asia Pacific Mission Studies

This article will reflect on Jesus' understanding of God, and will then move on to discuss the Korean people's cultural understanding of Jesus. It will offer Mosim Christology (mosim means reverencing or serving humans and God in one's heart sincerely) as a meaningful Christology for Korean people. It will show the relationship between Jesus' experience of God as Abba and mosim, our main theme.


Clinical Sociology And Community Interventions, Sara Cumming, Julianne Disanto, Leah Burton-Saliba, Chloe Shackelton, Joel Mcleod Jul 2024

Clinical Sociology And Community Interventions, Sara Cumming, Julianne Disanto, Leah Burton-Saliba, Chloe Shackelton, Joel Mcleod

Community Ideas Factory

At least 235,000 people experience homelessness in Canada each year, with over 35,000 experiencing homelessness on any given night (Gaetz et al. 2013a). For many, maintaining housing is challenging due to the absence of essential life skills. This paper departs from a community-identified problem with conventional life skills programming and uses sociological tools to address it. Community partners have expressed a need for a life skills curriculum that is inclusive, representing the intersecting needs and experiences of a diversity of clients, and that will address budgetary constraints of not-for-profit (NFP) organizations in the region.

The Community-Ideas Factory: The Life Skills …


Understanding And Accessing North Korean Religion, Byun Jin Heung Jul 2024

Understanding And Accessing North Korean Religion, Byun Jin Heung

Asia Pacific Mission Studies

Questions about North Korean religion always come with a question mark, and the general level of understanding about North Korean society is very low. This stems from doubts about North Korean communism. However, North Korea is a human society in which people live. As the society of North Korea has changed, so has the religion of North Korea. North Korea, especially after the collapse of the Cold War between East and West, has sought to change to survive and has used religion to gain recognition and acceptance from the international community. Religion has always been a tool to be used. …


Decolonizing Queer Epistemology: Boys Love And Cultural Imaginary From The Global Majority, Roland Sintos Coloma Jul 2024

Decolonizing Queer Epistemology: Boys Love And Cultural Imaginary From The Global Majority, Roland Sintos Coloma

Journal of Queer and Trans Studies in Education

This article aims to decolonize queer epistemology in order to challenge the hegemony of white/eurocentric LGBTQ histories, cultures, and representations as the universal and normalized standard of queer and trans life and sociality. Toward this objective, it analyzes whitestream queer epistemology, and notes its limits that do not account for its inclusions and exclusions, especially in relation to race, geography, and methodological (homo)nationalism. It draws attention to the works of queer and trans theorists, researchers, and educators from the global majority, especially the growing scholarship on LGBTQ education outside of the United States, to point out a significant gap in …


Self-Directed Learning In A Qualitative Research Methods Course For Doctoral Students, Amy L. Damrow, Krittika Grau, Brandon Pettry, Karen Plaster, Adepeju Prince Jul 2024

Self-Directed Learning In A Qualitative Research Methods Course For Doctoral Students, Amy L. Damrow, Krittika Grau, Brandon Pettry, Karen Plaster, Adepeju Prince

The Qualitative Report

This paper describes (1) the reasoning behind a self-directed learning assignment in an advanced qualitative research methods course, and (2) doctoral students’ experiences with that assignment. Drawing on instructor and student perspectives, a professor and four doctoral students collaborated to reflect and report on the process and product of one assignment within a course. The doctoral students approached the assignment in unique ways: delving into one specific research methodology, comparing multiple research designs, and exploring current uses of qualitative research at a research conference. The piece contributes to the body of literature about students’ and instructors’ experiences in graduate qualitative …


Navigating Credibility And Approachability In Conflict Zones: Insights From Fieldwork In Nigerian Communities Facing Eco-Violence, Ezenwa E. Olumba Jul 2024

Navigating Credibility And Approachability In Conflict Zones: Insights From Fieldwork In Nigerian Communities Facing Eco-Violence, Ezenwa E. Olumba

The Qualitative Report

This article contributes to the literature by proposing an expanded “framework for credibility and approachability,” extending the framework’s applicability in conflict-affected societies. The credibility and approachability framework aids researchers in comprehending and evaluating their fieldwork experiences, enabling them to articulate their experiences clearly and insightfully. Drawing on the reflexive experiences of a diaspora-based researcher who used this framework to prepare for fieldwork in Nigeria, the article illustrates the framework’s components plus the added “bearability” component. The experiences were borne out of a study with 54 participants across focus groups in communities affected by eco-violence in the Nigerian Middle Belt. The …


How Can America Support The Health Of Its Diverse Aging Population?, Catherine García, Lauren L. Brown, Marc A. Garcia Jul 2024

How Can America Support The Health Of Its Diverse Aging Population?, Catherine García, Lauren L. Brown, Marc A. Garcia

Population Health Research Brief Series

By 2030, one in five Americans will be 65 or older. Rapid population aging in the United States is unfolding alongside a parallel trend of rising racial and ethnic diversity. In the coming decades, African American, Native American, Asian, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, Hispanic/Latino, and multiracial groups are projected to experience significant growth in their proportions of adults who survive past age 65. Despite improvements in health and gains in longevity in recent decades, minorized groups continue to experience significant barriers to healthy aging. This brief provides an overview of the social determinants of healthy aging, provides recommendations for …


Qualitative Study Of Stakeholder Influence On Environmental Practices: Evidence From The Malaysian Aviation Industry, Zarina Zakaria, Zamzulaila Zakaria Jul 2024

Qualitative Study Of Stakeholder Influence On Environmental Practices: Evidence From The Malaysian Aviation Industry, Zarina Zakaria, Zamzulaila Zakaria

The Qualitative Report

In this study, we seek to explore the influence of stakeholders on environmental management practices in Malaysia's aviation industry. The data from this study was derived from interviewing 25 respondents in nine organisations within the aviation sector and was analysed using thematic analysis. We show that internal and external stakeholders significantly influence changes towards better environmental management practices. While internal stakeholders have contributed to better environmental management practices by changing their day-to-day practices within their functional role in the organisation, the external stakeholders have been the key actors that have significantly pushed the organisation to implement a proper environmental management …


Using Triangulation And Crystallization To Make Qualitative Studies Trustworthy And Rigorous, Hani Morgan Jul 2024

Using Triangulation And Crystallization To Make Qualitative Studies Trustworthy And Rigorous, Hani Morgan

The Qualitative Report

Qualitative research is often criticized for lacking rigor and consisting of opinions that result from researcher bias. But like well-designed quantitative research, qualitative studies can be trustworthy. Qualitative researchers generally agree that some practices, such as triangulation, can be used to increase the credibility of the kind of research they conduct. Unfortunately, many researchers are confused about or unaware of the different types of triangulation strategies, leading them to write papers without accurately identifying which ones they used. Triangulation is also a contested approach for many qualitative researchers because it is oftentimes associated with a post-positivist paradigm. Unlike quantitative researchers, …


A Letter To Faculty Mentors, Authors, And Readers Of Sbg From Josephine A. Ruggiero, Editor In Chief, Josephine A. Ruggiero Jul 2024

A Letter To Faculty Mentors, Authors, And Readers Of Sbg From Josephine A. Ruggiero, Editor In Chief, Josephine A. Ruggiero

Sociology Between the Gaps: Forgotten and Neglected Topics

No abstract provided.


Ethnodoxy And Immigration Attitudes In The Middle East/North Africa, Hannah M. Ridge Jul 2024

Ethnodoxy And Immigration Attitudes In The Middle East/North Africa, Hannah M. Ridge

Political Science Faculty Articles and Research

Migration is a prevalent social concern in the Middle East/North Africa. In addition to emigration, the countries struggle to incorporate immigrant and transiting populations. This article examines the influence of ethnodoxy—the linking of Arab and Muslim identity—on public opinion on immigrants and migration in the MENA region. Using original surveys of Egyptian and Moroccan Muslims from February and May–June 2023, it shows the more ethnodoxic respondents are, the more likely they are to hold anti-immigrant views. These results are consistent with the principle that social identity complexity encourages tolerance and change acceptance. Thus, this study contributes to the growing literature …


Framing The Path To Fitness: Age Differences In Response To Framed Exercise Messages, Iliya Sherif, David B. Taullahu, Alyssa R. Minton, Joseph A. Mikels Jul 2024

Framing The Path To Fitness: Age Differences In Response To Framed Exercise Messages, Iliya Sherif, David B. Taullahu, Alyssa R. Minton, Joseph A. Mikels

DePaul Discoveries

Physical activity is one of the most protective health behaviors one can engage in, yet 75% of active adults in the US, meaning those who exercise regularly, fall short of the recommended levels of physical activity, with an even greater percentage of older adults living inactive lives, meaning they exercise minimally and engage in prolonged sedentary behavior (CDC, 2019). The goal of the current study was to explore different types of message framing targeted at encouraging older and younger adults to exercise. We recruited older adults (n = 184; Mage = 69.45 years, age range: 65- 80 years) and younger …


Understanding Hope From Indian Young Adults’ Perspective, Mimansa Khanduri, Ketoki Mazumdar Jul 2024

Understanding Hope From Indian Young Adults’ Perspective, Mimansa Khanduri, Ketoki Mazumdar

The Qualitative Report

Despite the long-understood importance of Hope in the lives of individuals, few studies have investigated how Hope is understood from an Indian perspective. Furthermore, the focus on understanding the interpretations and experiences of Hope in the young adult population has been low. The current paper explores the phenomenon of Hope from Indian young adults’ perspective. The sample consisted of 10 participants, who were in the age range of 21 to 22 years and were pursuing their undergraduate or postgraduate studies. The study utilized in-depth interviews to understand the experiences and perspectives of Hope in the participants. Data were analyzed through …


An Orientation Towards Care In Occupational Therapy: A Theoretical Framework, Myah G. Beylotte Jul 2024

An Orientation Towards Care In Occupational Therapy: A Theoretical Framework, Myah G. Beylotte

Movement and Being: The Journal of the Christian Society for Kinesiology, Leisure and Sports Studies

The purpose of this paper is to explore Ethic of Care (Gilligan, 1936; Noddings, 1984) in an occupational therapy (OT) setting and to determine if empathetic and relational care can provide greater patient outcomes. Ethic of Care (EoC), originally established by Gilligan (1936), is a moral orientation towards care that has been applied in the areas of education, nursing, sports coaching, and other popular professions (Fisher et al., 2017; Gano-Overway et al., 2009; Knust & Fisher, 2015; Lachman, 2012; Newton et al., 2007; Noddings, 2005; Schools, et al., 2020), but has not been widely researched in the field of OT. …


Evidence-Based Prostate Cancer Screening Interventions For Black Men: A Systematic Review, Abigail Lopez, Jared T. Bailey, Dorothy Galloway, Leanne Woods-Burnham, Susanne B. Montgomery, Rick Kittles, Dede K. Teteh-Brooks Jul 2024

Evidence-Based Prostate Cancer Screening Interventions For Black Men: A Systematic Review, Abigail Lopez, Jared T. Bailey, Dorothy Galloway, Leanne Woods-Burnham, Susanne B. Montgomery, Rick Kittles, Dede K. Teteh-Brooks

Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Articles

Abstract

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death for men in the U.S. and Black men are twice as likely to die from the disease. However, prostate cancer, if diagnosed at an earlier stage, is curable. The purpose of this review is to identify prostate cancer screening clinical trials that evaluate screening decision-making processes of Black men.

Methods

The databases PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, and PsychInfo were utilized to examine peer-reviewed publications between 2017 and 2023. Data extracted included implementation plans, outcome measures, intervention details, and results of the study. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was used …


Natural Dialectics: Māori & Sioux Ecosophy Encounters The Rule Of Law, Robert T.F. Downes Jul 2024

Natural Dialectics: Māori & Sioux Ecosophy Encounters The Rule Of Law, Robert T.F. Downes

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

In the age of intensifying anthropogenic climate change, an ecosophical shift is required in the epistemological and ontological comprehension of the interrelations between the human and non-human worlds. This shift is essential for refining existing social scientific approaches to investigating and adjudicating questions of environmental governance, environmental justice, environmental sovereignty, in addition to advancing democratic counters to the effects of ecological degradation and environmental catastrophe that move beyond rigid political-economic constraints. This essay constitutes a novel engagement with discourses of radical democracy and radical ecology that applies the philosophical method of dialectical naturalism to an ecosophical interpretation of the human-nature …


America Is Unprepared To Meet The Needs Of Its Growing Older Adult Population, Sierra Kaplan Jul 2024

America Is Unprepared To Meet The Needs Of Its Growing Older Adult Population, Sierra Kaplan

Population Health Research Brief Series

In 2030, nearly 73 million Americans will be aged 65 years or older. As Americans continue to have fewer children than in the past, the number of older adults will outnumber children. Thus, fewer young adults will be around to support and care for the older adult population. Coupled with COVID-19 pandemic-driven disruptions to the healthcare industry, America’s health and aging care system is unprepared to support its large and growing older adult population. Over time, we will see increased health care scarcity and inequality in the distribution of elder care services, especially with continued healthcare worker shortages and drastic …


“The Role Of Modern Technologies In Effective Management Of Crowds”, Ayman El-Din Jul 2024

“The Role Of Modern Technologies In Effective Management Of Crowds”, Ayman El-Din

Journal of Police and Legal Sciences

Scientists started to think about the importance of developing crowd management methods, because of human gatherings - in different countries - have been accompanied by lots of disasters that have killed many and resulted in many injuries. Gathering crowd data is vital in the process of managing crowds, as crowd information contributes significantly to planning and decision-making processes and increasing communication between parties interacting with them, and data collected includes "the number of crowd members, crowd density, and problems that may occur”. Technology and technical awareness play an important role in “collecting, organizing, analyzing” real-time collected data of crowd. This …