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Articles 1231 - 1260 of 25201

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Physical Effort Ability In Counter Movement Jump Depending On The Kind Of Warm-Up And Surface Temperature Of The Quadriceps, Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk, Dariusz Boguszewski, Marcin Siewierski Mar 2022

Physical Effort Ability In Counter Movement Jump Depending On The Kind Of Warm-Up And Surface Temperature Of The Quadriceps, Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk, Dariusz Boguszewski, Marcin Siewierski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this research was an attempt at qualifying the influence of various kinds of warm-up on physical effort ability, as well as examining whether there exists any dependence between the surface temperature of the quadricipital muscle of the thigh and the power expressed with the height of counter movement jump (CMJ). Material/Methods: In the research thermographic imaging and dynamometric platform were used. The subjects performed the CMJ test in 3 separate sessions – without any warm-up and then after preparation (1st session – jogtrot; 2nd session – jogtrot and stretching exercises; 3 session – dynamic warm up …

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Application Of The As-4 Software In Research On Players’ Kinematics On A Large Area In 3d Coordinates As An Alternative To Commercial Programs, Piotr Aschenbrenner, Wlodzimierz S. Erdmann, Patrycja Lipinska Mar 2022

Application Of The As-4 Software In Research On Players’ Kinematics On A Large Area In 3d Coordinates As An Alternative To Commercial Programs, Piotr Aschenbrenner, Wlodzimierz S. Erdmann, Patrycja Lipinska

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: In this work an original computer program for the video analysis of players on a large area by using a single camera is presented. Video analysis is one of the basic research techniques of human movement applied in sport. A set of cameras and special computer software is used for this purpose. Many companies provide hardware and software, but, unfortunately, their high cost and difficulty in usage are their major drawbacks. In order to simplify and reduce the costs of data analysis (obtained from a single camera), AS-4 program was developed. Material/Methods: The program includes an original algorithm which …

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Relationships Between Chosen Motor And Morphological Characteristics Of Young Men And Women: Longitudinal Research, Marek Drozdowski, Ewa Ziolkowska-Lajp Mar 2022

Relationships Between Chosen Motor And Morphological Characteristics Of Young Men And Women: Longitudinal Research, Marek Drozdowski, Ewa Ziolkowska-Lajp

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Disadvantageous tendencies bound with a growing distance between the somatic development and motor condition of children and youth raise well understood anxiety, as these phenomena endanger health and fitness of future generations. The aim of this work is to verify if the above-mentioned phenomenon may be referred to youth groups for whom physical activity and motor development are important elements of everyday life. Material/Methods: Between 1983 and 2009 data on a total of 7,663 men and 7,368 women from Poznan AWF (University School of Physical Education) were collected annually at the same time each year. Information was collected on …

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Proposal To Use An Obstructed Timed “Up & Go” Test To Assess The Risk Of Falling In Healthy Elderly Individuals, Masanobu Uchiyama, Shinichi Demura Mar 2022

Proposal To Use An Obstructed Timed “Up & Go” Test To Assess The Risk Of Falling In Healthy Elderly Individuals, Masanobu Uchiyama, Shinichi Demura

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Obstacles are a common cause of falls. Mobility tests for healthy elderly that involve maneuvering over an obstacle have not been fully developed. We have shown that a small box placed on the walkway of a representative mobility test, the Timed Up & Go (TUG) for the frail elderly, influences the test performances of the healthy female elderly. However, the validity of this obstructed TUG (OTUG) as a fall risk assessment tool has not yet been clarified. This study examined the relationship between the OTUG and the fall risk for the healthy elderly. Material/Methods: 66 healthy community-dwelling elderly and …

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Students’ Knowledge Concerning The Correct Squat And The Elements Of The Methodology Of Teaching It, Dariusz Czaprowski, Agnieszka Kedra, Ryszard Biernat Mar 2022

Students’ Knowledge Concerning The Correct Squat And The Elements Of The Methodology Of Teaching It, Dariusz Czaprowski, Agnieszka Kedra, Ryszard Biernat

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: A squat is one of the exercises commonly applied in sport, in school physical education classes, among amateurs practising recreational sport as well as in rehabilitation of children and elderly people. The role of the preventive effect of the correctly performed squat on the musculo-skeletal system is particularly highlighted, while threats posed by an incorrect performance of the exercise are simultaneously indicated. The aim of the work was to define the knowledge of students concerning the methodology of teaching the correct squat and to present methodological fundamentals in this field. Material/Methods: The research involved 412 students of physical education …

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Age-Related Differences Of Hamstring Flexibility In Male Soccer Players, Pantelis Theo Nikolaïdis Mar 2022

Age-Related Differences Of Hamstring Flexibility In Male Soccer Players, Pantelis Theo Nikolaïdis

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between age and hamstring flexibility of male soccer players and to provide reference data. Material/Methods: The study comprised 698 male subjects. The largest group consisted of male adolescents (n = 597; aged 10-22 years, yrs), further subdivided into six two-year age groups; the other two groups being children (n = 21, younger than 10 yrs) and adult players (n = 80; older than 22 yrs). All of those who participated in our study were members of competitive soccer clubs. They were examined for anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and performed …

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Factors Determining The Level Of Physical Activity Among Warsaw Institutes Employees, Elzbieta Biernat Mar 2022

Factors Determining The Level Of Physical Activity Among Warsaw Institutes Employees, Elzbieta Biernat

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The evaluation of physical activity level of scientists and determining factors which influence the physical activity. Getting to know the characteristics of the group and observing its behavior can lead to pro-healthy campaign. Material/Methods: Research was conducted on 301 Warsaw scientific institutes employees (NIPH-NIH –82 persons, IMWM – 50 persons, IPPLM – 39 persons, BRI – 50 persons NFNI – 80 persons). A questionnaire was applied. Analysis was made with the usage of SPSS v.17. In accordance with WHO classifications, the interviewed were divided into active (n=162) and non-active (n=139). The active group consisted of persons with a high …

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The Efficiency Of Players Of Action-Effective Football Teams In One Against One Situations, Andrzej Szwarc, Krzysztof Kromke, Patrycja Lipinska Mar 2022

The Efficiency Of Players Of Action-Effective Football Teams In One Against One Situations, Andrzej Szwarc, Krzysztof Kromke, Patrycja Lipinska

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this study was to identify and compare the efficiency of action-effective football players in one against one situations (1x1). Material/Methods: The game of winning teams’ players was observed in four matches and two semi-final meetings of the European Championships tournament in 2004 and 2008. Visual recording was monitored using a freeze-frame function and data about the players’ game were recorded on observation sheet by Szwarc. The activity, effectiveness and reliability of individual offensive and defensive actions were estimated. Results: It was found that on average players of the best teams in Europe participated in 216 1x1 …

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The Effect Of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplement On Lactic Acid, Ammonia And The Performance Of 400 Meters Male Runners, Roghaye Jadidi Pouzash, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani, Jadidi Jabriel Pouzesh, Karim Alamdari Azali, Hoseyn Fatolahi Mar 2022

The Effect Of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplement On Lactic Acid, Ammonia And The Performance Of 400 Meters Male Runners, Roghaye Jadidi Pouzash, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani, Jadidi Jabriel Pouzesh, Karim Alamdari Azali, Hoseyn Fatolahi

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anaerobic performance and some plasma metabolites. Material/Methods: 16 young male athletes (age 20.58±3.25, Height 175.33±2.48 cm and BMI 21.57±2.68 kg/m2) participated in two 400 m running sessions one hour following sodium bicarbonate or placebo (calcium bicarbonate) supplementation with the counterbalanced order. There were three blood sampling phases (resting condition, 30 min after supplementation and 2 min after 400 m running) in both of the sessions and the blood pH; ammonia, lactate, and HCO3- levels were measured. Results: The results showed that running time …

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The Effect Of Immediate Verbal Feedback On The Efficiency And The Effectiveness Of Swimming, Krystyna Zaton, Stefan Szczepan Mar 2022

The Effect Of Immediate Verbal Feedback On The Efficiency And The Effectiveness Of Swimming, Krystyna Zaton, Stefan Szczepan

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this study was to determine differences in stroke length and swimming time over a distance of 25m in a control and an experimental group from the provision of immediate verbal feedback. Material/Methods: The study involved 10 people practicing swimming. They were divided into an experimental and a control group. The subjects performed four trials, swimming the front crawl technique at the distance of 25 meters with a maximum speed. A specially designed research tool enabled the swimmers to obtain immediate verbal feedback during the test. In the control group no immediate verbal feedback was provided. In …

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An Interaction Between Exercise Order And Rest Interval During Lower-Body Resistance Exercise, Hamid Arazi, Bahman Mirzaei, Morteza Sangdevini, Mohammad Reza Hossein Abadi Mar 2022

An Interaction Between Exercise Order And Rest Interval During Lower-Body Resistance Exercise, Hamid Arazi, Bahman Mirzaei, Morteza Sangdevini, Mohammad Reza Hossein Abadi

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The purpose of the present study was to compare the influence of two- and five-minute rest intervals on the number of repetitions per set and total repetitions per exercise for a lower-body workout performed in 2 different sequences. Material/Methods: 12 resistance trained men completed 4 experimental resistance exercise sessions. All sessions consisted of 3 sets with a 10-repetition maximum load for 4 lower-body exercises. Two different exercise sequences (i.e., A or B) were performed with either 2- or 5- minute rest between the sets and the exercises, respectively. The order of exercises for sequence A2 (SEQA2) and sequence A5 …

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Physical Activity, Academic Performance And Cognition In Children And Adolescents. A Systematic Review, Eero Hapala Mar 2022

Physical Activity, Academic Performance And Cognition In Children And Adolescents. A Systematic Review, Eero Hapala

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

A literature review was conducted to investigate the effect of physical exercise and physical training on cognition and academic performance in children and adolescents. Nine randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials with 2,013 participants were identified by employing the following data sources: the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Eric, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and ISI Web of Knowledge. Five studies indicated positive effects of physical exercise on attention, concentration, and working memory, and three studies reported positive effects of 14 to 64 week physical training on language and arithmetic skills. Thus, there is some evidence that physical exercise may facilitate cognitive functions …

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The Views Of Women Practising Artistic Gymnastics, Rhythmic Gymnastics And Acrobatics Gymnastics On Their Disciplines, Anna Perzynska-Biskup, Leon Biskup, Stanislaw Sawczyn Mar 2022

The Views Of Women Practising Artistic Gymnastics, Rhythmic Gymnastics And Acrobatics Gymnastics On Their Disciplines, Anna Perzynska-Biskup, Leon Biskup, Stanislaw Sawczyn

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Physical culture covers a number of forms of physical activity, with sport being the most specialized form of participation. Rapid development of sport in recent years has contributed not only to the rise in the level of competitive sport but it also made the processes of social transitions to be reflected on a wider scale. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the views on professional sports from two generations of women who have practiced gymnastics. The main focus was on the presentation of gymnastics in the perspective of other disciplines and its place in everyday life of …

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A Profile Of Adriana Dadci’S Individual Technical-Tactical Preparation, Marek Adam Mar 2022

A Profile Of Adriana Dadci’S Individual Technical-Tactical Preparation, Marek Adam

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Since the first women’s judo championships in 1980 work connected with an analysis and an assessment of their preparation has been carried on. Polish and foreign researchers have determined the particulars of women’s technical-tactical preparation (TTP). Adrianna Dadci was Poland’s representative in women’s judo, who successfully participated in many international competitions. She won the gold medal at the European Championships in 2002 and took the 3rd place at the European championships in 2001. She won five times at international tournaments within 2002-2004, which are now known as the World Cups. She was the Champion of Poland seven times. The purpose …

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Body Height Of Adult Men Coming From The Pomerania Province In The Context Of Gradients And Social Differences, Age And The Level Of Physical Activity, Ewa Wojtowicz Mar 2022

Body Height Of Adult Men Coming From The Pomerania Province In The Context Of Gradients And Social Differences, Age And The Level Of Physical Activity, Ewa Wojtowicz

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: This paper attempts to answer the following question: are there any gradients and social differences in a group of adult men coming from Pomerania Province resulting from their biological condition – body height. Material/Methods: Opinion polls were conducted in the years 2000–2007 in a group of 893 men aged 37-78 years. The subjects are fathers of first-year students of full-time studies at the Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport (Poland). The questionnaire included open questions concerning the date and the place of birth, body height, education, performed job, social background and doing sport. Statistical analyses were conducted using …

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The Construction Of The Factor Model For Fitness Assessment In Ice Hockey Players, Marek Kokinda, Robert Kandrac, Milan Turek Mar 2022

The Construction Of The Factor Model For Fitness Assessment In Ice Hockey Players, Marek Kokinda, Robert Kandrac, Milan Turek

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The purpose of this study was to design a factor model whose application would refine the diagnostics of actual and continuous states in ice hockey players. Material/Methods: The following batteries of tests were used: Test battery 1 serves as a monitoring tool for the Methods Department of Slovak Ice Hockey Federation. Test battery 2 was designed on the basis of previous empirical evidence. A comparative analysis of the batteries was aimed at the qualitative aspect of the criteria of the individual test items. Results: The results showed partial incompleteness of the battery and a need to complement the battery …

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Dependence Between Body Tissue Composition And Results Achieved By Weightlifters, Jerzy Saczuk, Agnieszka Wasiluk Mar 2022

Dependence Between Body Tissue Composition And Results Achieved By Weightlifters, Jerzy Saczuk, Agnieszka Wasiluk

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: A literature review and an analysis of lifting techniques indicate that the tissue composition and structure of the body, and especially some of its elements have a decisive influence on the results. The objective of the reported study was to characterize tissue components of the best Polish male weightlifters in view of the age and sports results they achieve. Material/Methods: Competitors of the Men’s Polish Championships in Weightlifting in 2004 were subjects of this study. The study comprised 138 sportsmen evaluated in the following age categories: seniors, youth, older juniors, and younger juniors. Measurements that enabled estimating the tissue …

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Test 8 × 32.8 M As A Diagnostic And Fitness Level Control Indicator In Basketball (Diagnostic Test In Basketball), Stanislaw Przybylski, Piotr Makar, Grzegorz Bielec Mar 2022

Test 8 × 32.8 M As A Diagnostic And Fitness Level Control Indicator In Basketball (Diagnostic Test In Basketball), Stanislaw Przybylski, Piotr Makar, Grzegorz Bielec

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Physiological studies conducted for over 20 years on basketball players have shown an increasing share of anaerobic efforts during the game. The players' throw effectiveness and their ability to move quickly on the playing field often determine the result of the match. The current control of kinematics and biochemical variables is crucial in the modern training process. Material/Methods: The study was conducted on an 11-person group of male athletes from a Polish first-league basketball team. The subjects had to perform a fitness test proposed by the authors: 8×32.8m with bouncing, throwing a ball to the basket and running back …

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Social, Educational And Sports Character Of Football Academy In Malbork, Wojciech Barnat, Zbigniew Jstrzebski, Anna Konieczna, Lukasz Radziminski, Ewelina Jaskulska, Marta Bichowska Mar 2022

Social, Educational And Sports Character Of Football Academy In Malbork, Wojciech Barnat, Zbigniew Jstrzebski, Anna Konieczna, Lukasz Radziminski, Ewelina Jaskulska, Marta Bichowska

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The main sports aim of Football Academy is teaching and improving soccer skills of talented players from Malbork administrative district and the nearby areas as well as creating a two-stage sports training system targeted at young juniors (middle school – 3 years) and juniors (high school – 3 years). The main socio-educational aim is to support young players with a desirable set of values and create appropriate educational conditions for them to study at middle and high school. Judging by the three-year period of sports training and general educational activity in Football Academy in Malbork this practice can be described …

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The Modulation Of Verbal Information As A Factor Stimulating Conscious Differentiation Of Kinaesthetic Sensations In The Aquatic Environment, Andrzej Klarowicz, Bartosz Groffik, Marek Rejman Mar 2022

The Modulation Of Verbal Information As A Factor Stimulating Conscious Differentiation Of Kinaesthetic Sensations In The Aquatic Environment, Andrzej Klarowicz, Bartosz Groffik, Marek Rejman

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: This study aims to find a relationship between the amplitude and duration of verbal information, and a conscious reaction to the kinaesthetic learner. Material/Methods: Research participants in this study consisted of 40 children from elementary school No. 1 in Swidnica (Poland). The group consisted of 16 boys and 24 girls. The respondents’ age ranged from 9 to 10 years. Children regularly attended swimming classes 3 times a week for 45 minutes. The method used for the research was the laboratory experiment method, where the aim was to assess the level of differentiation of kinaesthetic sensations in the aquatic environment. …

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Respiratory System Parameters And Other Somatic Indicators Of Fitness In Primary School Pupils Exemplified In The Pomeranian Province, Marcin Pasek, Janusz Jerzemowski Mar 2022

Respiratory System Parameters And Other Somatic Indicators Of Fitness In Primary School Pupils Exemplified In The Pomeranian Province, Marcin Pasek, Janusz Jerzemowski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Functional parameters of the respiratory system, the level of fatty tissue and connected with it the weight/growth index constitute important information attesting health condition of the population. The purpose of the study is to compare somatic features and determine the degree of correlation between these features taking into consideration different ecological conditions of the place of residence. Material/Methods: A total of 114 children aged 13 (56 boys) and 12 (58 girls), representatives of the urban and country school population participated in the research. A city school was represented by a group of 30 boys and 27 girls. 26 boys …

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The Evolution Of Physical Activity Guidelines, Monika Piatkowska, Ingrid Ružbarská Mar 2022

The Evolution Of Physical Activity Guidelines, Monika Piatkowska, Ingrid Ružbarská

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: As the scientific support for the impact of physical activity on health has grown, physical activity recommendations for the public have been modified. The aim of the paper is to present the evolution of physical activity guidelines, which were formulated on the basis of existing research evidence, produced by experts, mainly in physiology and medicine. Material/Methods: A systematic literature review was applied. In order to interpret the content of text data, a qualitative content analysis was used. It was supported by the Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) computer software package NVivo 9. Results: Recognition of hazards of a sedentary lifestyle …

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Simple And Multiple Correlations Between Emotional Intelligence And General Health In Personnel Of Physical Education Offices, Farzad Maleki, Parvaneh Shafie Nia, Abdolhamid Habibi, Esmael Saemi Mar 2022

Simple And Multiple Correlations Between Emotional Intelligence And General Health In Personnel Of Physical Education Offices, Farzad Maleki, Parvaneh Shafie Nia, Abdolhamid Habibi, Esmael Saemi

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The purpose of this study was to survey simple and multiple correlations between emotional intelligence and general health in personnel of physical education offices. Material/Methods: The descriptive survey research was adopted for the study. A total of 134 employees completed Schutte and Goldberg and Hiler questionnaires. The emotional intelligence questionnaire includes three subscales: Emotional Appraisal, Emotional Regulation and Utilization of Emotion. The general health questionnaire includes physical complaints, anxiety, social performance disorders and depression. Data was analyzed through Pearson correlation, Stepwise regression, One Way Analysis of Variance and the independent t-test (p ≤ 0/05). Results: The results showed that …

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The Level Of Physical Development And Physical Fitness In 6–7-Year-Old Children From School And Pre-School Institutions In Gdansk, Malgorzata Resiak, Aleksandra Resiak Mar 2022

The Level Of Physical Development And Physical Fitness In 6–7-Year-Old Children From School And Pre-School Institutions In Gdansk, Malgorzata Resiak, Aleksandra Resiak

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Interest in the development of a 6-7-year-old child derives among other things from the necessity to evaluate child’s readiness to take up a regular educational process. Physical development and physical fitness of the child are components of school maturity. The purpose of the study was to show similarities and differences in the level of physical development and fitness of children attending school and pre-school institutions in the years 2005-2009 in Gdansk. Material/Methods: 15,578 children (8,006 boys and 7,572 girls) from Gdansk were subject to research in the years 2005-2009. The measurements of the height, body mass and 5 skin …

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Muscle Strength And Technical Skills In 17–19-Year-Old Judoists, Marcin Dornowski, Wladyslaw Jagiello, Miroslaw Smaruj Mar 2022

Muscle Strength And Technical Skills In 17–19-Year-Old Judoists, Marcin Dornowski, Wladyslaw Jagiello, Miroslaw Smaruj

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this study was to define the relationships between different kinds of muscle strength manifestations and technical skills (selected throwing techniques) in 17–19-year-old judoists. Material/Methods: Results of measurements taken in 2006–2008 at the Physical Effort Lab in the Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport were taken under consideration. 30 male judo athletes (17–19-year-old) participated in the study. They all were students of Comprehensive Sports School – with the judo profile and athletes representing clubs from Pomerania and Warmia-Masuria Provinces. An ergometric device “Concept 2 Dyno” was used in the measurements of isotonic strength and strength endurance. …

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A Profile Of Joanna Majdan’S Individual Technical-Tactical Preparation, Marek Adam, Joanna Majdan Mar 2022

A Profile Of Joanna Majdan’S Individual Technical-Tactical Preparation, Marek Adam, Joanna Majdan

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Since the first women’s judo championships in 1980 research connected with an analysis and an assessment of their preparation has been carried on. Polish and foreign research has attempted to determine the particulars of women’s technicaltactical preparation (PTT). Joanna Majdan was the first Poland’s judo competitor who succeeded in judo in international tournaments. She won a medal in 1984 (3rd place) and took the 5th place in the 1982 World Championships. She won three medals at individual European Championships (1986,1988, 1989) and in 1986 she was the World’s University Champion; during the World University Championships she won bronze medals …

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Effect Of Training On Morphological, Physiological And Biochemical Variables Of U-19 Soccer Players, Indranil Manna, Gulshan Lal Khanna, Prakash Chandra Dhara Mar 2022

Effect Of Training On Morphological, Physiological And Biochemical Variables Of U-19 Soccer Players, Indranil Manna, Gulshan Lal Khanna, Prakash Chandra Dhara

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of training on selected morphological, physiological and biochemical variables in soccer players under 19 years of age. Material/Methods: A total of 30 Indian male soccer players under 19 years of age (age: 16.00–18.99 yr) volunteered for this study. The training sessions were divided into 2 phases (i) Preparatory Phase (PP, 8 weeks) and (ii) Competitive Phase (CP, 4 weeks). The training programme consisted of aerobic, anaerobic and skill development, and was completed 4 hrs/day; 5 days/week. Selected morphological, physiological and biochemical variables were measured at zero level (baseline …

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Changes Of Physical Capacity And Soccer-Related Skills In Young Soccer Players Within A One-Year Training Period, Zbigniew Jastrzebski, Wojciech Barnat, Anna Konieczna, Pawel Rompa, Lukasz Radziminski Mar 2022

Changes Of Physical Capacity And Soccer-Related Skills In Young Soccer Players Within A One-Year Training Period, Zbigniew Jastrzebski, Wojciech Barnat, Anna Konieczna, Pawel Rompa, Lukasz Radziminski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this study was to determine changes in both aerobic and anaerobic physical capacity as well as in sport-specific skills in footballers as a result of the applied training load within a one-year training period. It was assumed that the type of applied training load would have a significant influence on changes in physical capacity indexes and on differences in soccer technical skills. Material/Methods: The tests applied in the research were: Wingate test 30 sec. version for lower extremities (used to assess anaerobic capacity), PWC170 test (used to assess aerobic capacity) and German Football Association test of …

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Kinematics Tactics In Swimming Races On The Example Of The Beijing 2008 Olympic Games And The Rome 2009 World Championships, Patrycja Lipinska Mar 2022

Kinematics Tactics In Swimming Races On The Example Of The Beijing 2008 Olympic Games And The Rome 2009 World Championships, Patrycja Lipinska

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Tactics in endurance disciplines is often considered by a analysis of distribution of velocity at a distance. Long-distance swimming (800m, 1500m) is a discipline perfectly located in the above definition. Thus the purpose of the paper is to deepen knowledge on sport tactics based on the distribution of velocity by athletes training swimming at the highest level. Material/Methods: The research material comprised finalists of the swimming race on the 800 meters at the Olympic Games in Beijing (2008) and the World Championships in Rome (2009). Data on the average speed for the entire distance and average speed for the …

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The Importance Of Physical Education Teachers In Germany: Theoretical And Educational System Considerations Of The Concept Of Profession, Rolf Schwarz Mar 2022

The Importance Of Physical Education Teachers In Germany: Theoretical And Educational System Considerations Of The Concept Of Profession, Rolf Schwarz

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The article examines different aspects of the importance of physical education teachers in Germany. The so called “sociology of professions” that has become the predominant theoretical perspective in sport pedagogy on this matter will be contrasted and completed with empirical data from the German educational policy as well as ideas from education theory. It is highlighted that different values of the participating protagonists in this discussion lead to different types of understanding the importance of physical education teachers, depending on their specific system logic. As a result, the acceptance of an occupational group cannot automatically be equated with its importance. …

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