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Articles 3421 - 3450 of 6849

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Clinical Implications Of Internet Infidelity: Where Facebook Fits In, Jaclyn D. Cravens, Jason B. Whiting Phd Jun 2014

Clinical Implications Of Internet Infidelity: Where Facebook Fits In, Jaclyn D. Cravens, Jason B. Whiting Phd

Faculty Publications

The Internet can enhance existing relationships or facilitate the development of new relationships, including illicit ones. Increased research in this area has predominately been on online sexual addiction and pornography, with few about social networking sites. Facebook, a popular social networking site boasting 1.15 billion active users. This article reviews existing literature on Internet infidelity, comparing online activities and Facebook-specific behaviors. Five areas related to Internet infidelity will be explored, such as definitions and the impact on relationships. Although several similarities exist between general Internet and Facebook-specific infidelity, unique differences exist. Implications for future research and clinical practice are presented.


America's Heroes And Darlings: The Media Portrayal Of Male And Female Athletes During The 2014 Sochi Games, Matthew K. Curtis May 2014

America's Heroes And Darlings: The Media Portrayal Of Male And Female Athletes During The 2014 Sochi Games, Matthew K. Curtis

Theses and Dissertations

It has been well documented that female athletes receive much less media attention than male athletes, with estimates placing coverage of male athletes at 95% of all sport-related media (Coakley, 1986). While not to that extent, studies focusing on media portrayals of Olympic athletes also confirm that the media dedicates the majority of coverage to male athletes (Duncan, 1990; Duncan & Hasbrook, 1988; Hambrick, Simmons, Greenhalgh, & Greenwell, 2010; Higgs, Weiller, & Martin, 2003; Lee, 1992; Kinnick, 1998; Pfister, 1978). Some evidence suggests that media coverage of female athletes and the recognition of their achievements are slowly increasing (Higgs et …


Romanian Children’S Representations Of Negative And Self-Conscious Emotions In A Narrative Story Stem Technique, Loredana Apavaloaie, Timothy Page, Loren D. Marks May 2014

Romanian Children’S Representations Of Negative And Self-Conscious Emotions In A Narrative Story Stem Technique, Loredana Apavaloaie, Timothy Page, Loren D. Marks

Faculty Publications

This research uses children’s story-stem play narratives to investigate dimensions of negative emotional expression. Fifty-one Romanian children between 6 and 11-years old participated in the study. Children’s narratives were coded for three basic negative emotions and five self-conscious emotions. Parents completed a general questionnaire for demographic data and the amount of time they spent with their children. Differences were found for frequencies of negative emotional representations in relation to the specific story-stems in which they occurred. Girls were more likely than boys to enact in their narratives guilt feelings coupled with apology following some wrongdoing. Children who spent more time …


Constructive Vs. Destructive Anger: A Model And Three Pathways For The Expression Of Anger, Kierea Chanelle Meloy May 2014

Constructive Vs. Destructive Anger: A Model And Three Pathways For The Expression Of Anger, Kierea Chanelle Meloy

Theses and Dissertations

Anger is a significant human emotion, the management of which has far reaching implications for individual and relationship well-being. Yet there is a deficit in the clinical literature regarding the best ways to conceptualize and respond to anger (Saini, 2009). We offer a model of anger which therapists can use to help discriminate healing from harmful manifestations of anger, and which therapists can use in developing interventions for reshaping destructive anger toward constructive anger. We are specifically addressing anger in response to offense, or transactional anger which arises at points of friction in the interface between two people in a …


Reducing Infant Mortality To Reach Millennium Development Goal 4, Hayley Marie Pierce May 2014

Reducing Infant Mortality To Reach Millennium Development Goal 4, Hayley Marie Pierce

Theses and Dissertations

The World Health Organization (WHO) found that 6.6 million children under five died in 2012 (WHO 2013). Almost half of all of these child deaths take place in the first month of life, and 75% of all under five deaths occur within the child's first year of life (WHO 2013). The aim of this study is to compare the most influential factors that decrease infant and neonatal mortality in order to find where policy makers, governments, and international organizations need to focus their efforts in order to get all countries on track for Millennium Development Goal 4 to reduce child …


It’S A Bird! It’S A Plane! It’S A Gender Stereotype!: Longitudinal Associations Between Superhero Viewing And Gender Stereotyped Play, Sarah M. Coyne, Jennifer Ruh Linder, Eric E. Rasmussen, David A. Nelson, Kevin M. Collier May 2014

It’S A Bird! It’S A Plane! It’S A Gender Stereotype!: Longitudinal Associations Between Superhero Viewing And Gender Stereotyped Play, Sarah M. Coyne, Jennifer Ruh Linder, Eric E. Rasmussen, David A. Nelson, Kevin M. Collier

Faculty Publications

Although content analyses have found that superhero programs in the media portray strong gender stereotypes of masculinity, little research has examined the effects of viewing such programs. In the current study, 134 mothers of preschool children (from the Western and Northwestern United States) reported their child’s superhero exposure in the media, male-stereotyped play, weapon play, and parental active mediation of the media at two time points (1 year apart). Results revealed that boys viewed superhero programs more frequently than girls, with nearly a quarter of boys viewing superhero programs at least weekly. Analyses revealed that superhero exposure was related to …


Evolution Of The One-Shot Library Instruction Session, Michael C. Goates May 2014

Evolution Of The One-Shot Library Instruction Session, Michael C. Goates

Faculty Publications

The one-shot library instruction session is a balancing act between faculty expectations and student attention spans. Concerned with limited instruction time, many teaching faculty request that librarians relay as much information as possible during a single instruction session. Students, however, quickly experience information overload and disengagement during information-heavy instruction sessions. Determining what information to present and how to present it can be a challenge for many librarians. This workshop will address some of the varying methodologies to one-shot library instruction, including the flipped-classroom. Examples of library instruction models will also be shared, highlighting both successful and less-effective approaches.


Healthy Transitions To Family Formation, Erin Kramer Holmes, Geoffrey Brown, Kevin Shafer, Nate Stoddard Apr 2014

Healthy Transitions To Family Formation, Erin Kramer Holmes, Geoffrey Brown, Kevin Shafer, Nate Stoddard

Faculty Publications

Current demographic trends in the United States suggest that emerging adults delay marriage (Vespa, 2014), nonmarital cohabitation is the norm among this age group (National Marriage Project, 2012), and premarital sex—including noncommitted hooking up (Garcia, Reiber, Massey, & Merriwether, 2012)—is widely accepted (Pew Research Center, 2014). These trends collide with consistently high divorce rates (Amato, 2010; Cherlin, 2010), where up to one-third of emerging adults grow up in stepfamilies (Copen, Daniels, Vespa, & Mosher, 2012). Aside from high divorce rates, the United States is experiencing what some demogra- phers term “the great crossover,” whereby unmarried parenthood is overtaking married parenthood …


Measurement Of Sleep Patterns In Infants With Positional Plagiocephaly, Anna Packard, Jotham Manwaring Apr 2014

Measurement Of Sleep Patterns In Infants With Positional Plagiocephaly, Anna Packard, Jotham Manwaring

Journal of Undergraduate Research

A significant increase in misshapen or flattened heads (positional plagiocephaly) in infants has been recognized since pediatricians began advising parents to position their infants supine for sleep in 1992 in order to diminish the risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (Back-to-Sleep Program, American Academy of Pediatrics, 1992). Prior to 1992, the incidence of positional plagiocephaly was quite rare (< 1/300) [Capri, 1999] and was usually observed in children who were neglected, institutionalized, or developmentally delayed (Figure 1). Recent research has found an association between supine positioning for sleep as a result of the Back-to-Sleep program and plagiocephaly (Turk, 1996). The incidence of plagiocephaly is now greater than 1/50 newborns (Kane, Mitchell, and Craven, 1996), resulting in upwards of 20 new referrals for cranial asymmetry per week in one of the authors’ clinical practice (KHM). Other unintended consequences of the Back to Sleep Program include a change in the roundedness of the head in the new generation of children. Prior to 1992 the normal Caucasian cephalic index or ratio of width-to-length was mean of 0.76; now it is 0.85 to 0.90 and this appears to be permanent. In addition, the infants with plagiocephaly have been shown to have delayed acquisition of gross motor skills, such as of rolling over and sitting, by approximately 2 months. Additionally, evidence of diminished motor coordination at 6 years has been showed compared to normocephalics peers.


Pipe Smoking Among The Prehistoric Inhabitants Of Utah Valley, Hannah Steffensen, Dr. Michael Searcy Apr 2014

Pipe Smoking Among The Prehistoric Inhabitants Of Utah Valley, Hannah Steffensen, Dr. Michael Searcy

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In the Spring of 2012, thirtynine prehistoric smoking pipes and pipe fragments were recovered from the Fremont archaeological site of Wolf Village in Goshen, Utah. Brigham Young University has conducted excavations at the Wolf Village site for five years, recovering hundreds of thousands of artifacts and excavating the largest known Fremont pithouse.


Agentive Hmong Memory Making: “We Stood Up To Them”, April Reber Apr 2014

Agentive Hmong Memory Making: “We Stood Up To Them”, April Reber

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Racialized environmentalism and politicized economics converged in July and August, 2000, when a coalition of Thai farmers, Royal Forestry Department (RFD) and other government officials blocked off roads leading to Hmong farms in the mountains in Thailand. This coalition collaboratively targeted Hmong lychee orchards that had almost reached maturation (it takes lychee trees 10 years to fully mature). According to my respondents, the Thais who cut down the trees came from three mountain villages that overlook the mountain valley where the fields are. Similarly, the RFD office is in the mountains near one village and overlooking the fields. According to …


The Ojibwe Living Culture The Importance Of Traditional Culture On The White Earth Reservation, Minnesota, Keara Moyle, Dr. John Hawkins Apr 2014

The Ojibwe Living Culture The Importance Of Traditional Culture On The White Earth Reservation, Minnesota, Keara Moyle, Dr. John Hawkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Within the last two decades, the White Earth reservation of Ojibwe has seen a dramatic resurgence of interest in and performance of what they would call traditional culture. This traditional culture has played a critical role in tribal membership and concepts of identity. The White Earth reservation underwent constitutional reform from 2007 to November 2013, which included new legislation determining membership. After years of an imposed policy of blood quantum, White Earth residents are basing their membership on a system, considered by some, to closely follow the traditional ways of determining tribal membership.


Effects Of Light Stimulation On Long-Term Potentiation In Dopamine Neurons In The Nucleus Accumbens, Eliza Lee Warren, Dr. Scott C. Steffensen Apr 2014

Effects Of Light Stimulation On Long-Term Potentiation In Dopamine Neurons In The Nucleus Accumbens, Eliza Lee Warren, Dr. Scott C. Steffensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Light therapy has been utilized to treat alcoholics in the past (Zalewska- Kaszubska & Obzejta, 2004), and opiate dependent rats (Mirzaii-Dizgah, Ojaghi, Sadeghipour-Roodsari, Karimian, & Sohanaki, 2009). Unfortunately, research is limited and still little is known. It was the aim of this study to determine what these effects are, specifically in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Dopamine (DA) release in the shell of the NAc has been shown to be a contributing factor in addiction. As DA levels in the NAc are raised, behavior reinforcement occurs. Addictive drugs hijack this system by raising levels of DA in the NAc, and raising …


Discovering Inhibitors To The Political Interest And Ambition Of Women, Cindy West, Dr. Jessica Preece Apr 2014

Discovering Inhibitors To The Political Interest And Ambition Of Women, Cindy West, Dr. Jessica Preece

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Currently in the U.S., twenty women (20%) are members of the Senate and seventy-seven women (17.7%) are members of the House of Representatives,1 ranking the U.S. at 77th in the world for its percentage of women in the lower or single House.2 Despite being over half the population,3 the percentage of women holding executive offices is not representative of the country’s composition. Why are women less likely to engage in politics and be ambitious enough to run for political office? Our purpose is to understand the gender gap within the political field. Research attempts to explain this phenomenon through a …


Political Ambition: The Effect Of Gender Quotas On Ugandan Women, Jessica Weinfurter, Dr. Jessica Preece Apr 2014

Political Ambition: The Effect Of Gender Quotas On Ugandan Women, Jessica Weinfurter, Dr. Jessica Preece

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In an effort to promote female political participation in states with historically patriarchal political systems, many nations have implemented gender quotas. The belief behind this practice is that as female descriptive representation increases, women become inspired to increase their political activity, and society in general becomes more supportive of female political ambition and participation (Beaman et al.2012). The issue of gender quotas has inspired an explosion of research over the past decade. However, our current understanding of the long-term effects of gender quotas is still limited because many of the recent studies are focused on quota systems within developed or …


Following The Founders: The Effect Of A James Madison Quote On Support For Corporate Regulation, Zachary Smith, Dr. Quin Monson Apr 2014

Following The Founders: The Effect Of A James Madison Quote On Support For Corporate Regulation, Zachary Smith, Dr. Quin Monson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

From Abraham Lincoln to members of the modern Tea Party, politicians have frequently quoted the Founders in an attempt to build support for a proposed idea. This seems to mostly occur between conservative politicians and their constituents. Indeed, conservatives appear to have a strong connection with the Founders because of their belief in American Civil Religion (ACR). While researchers’ definitions of ACR differ, I define it as a quasi-religious reverence for the Founders and the symbols of America. People’s deep belief in this ACR affects how much they support issues that the Founders spoke in favor of. However, no one …


Brainwaves Of Memory: A Study On Memory Discrimination And Memory Generalization, Emily White, Dr. Brock Kirwan Apr 2014

Brainwaves Of Memory: A Study On Memory Discrimination And Memory Generalization, Emily White, Dr. Brock Kirwan

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Memory discrimination requires forming distinct, separate memories and depends on the process of pattern separation. Memory generalization allows you to retrieve previously-stored memories that may be grouped in memory among other, similar events and depends on the process of pattern completion. Interestingly, both of these complementary processes are mediated by the hippocampus. This means that the hippocampus must switch between pattern separation and pattern completion, a process which may be slow enough for us to measure experimentally.


Effects Of Light Stimulation On Long-Term Potentiation In Dopamine Neurons In The Nucleus Accumbens, Eliza Lee Warren, Dr. Scott C. Steffensen Apr 2014

Effects Of Light Stimulation On Long-Term Potentiation In Dopamine Neurons In The Nucleus Accumbens, Eliza Lee Warren, Dr. Scott C. Steffensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Light therapy has been utilized to treat alcoholics in the past (Zalewska- Kaszubska & Obzejta, 2004), and opiate dependent rats (Mirzaii-Dizgah, Ojaghi, Sadeghipour-Roodsari, Karimian, & Sohanaki, 2009). Unfortunately, research is limited and still little is known. It was the aim of this study to determine what these effects are, specifically in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Dopamine (DA) release in the shell of the NAc has been shown to be a contributing factor in addiction. As DA levels in the NAc are raised, behavior reinforcement occurs. Addictive drugs hijack this system by raising levels of DA in the NAc, and raising …


Relationship Conflict In College Students At Utah Universities: Dating Violence And Help-Seeking Behavior, Kevin Rushton, Dr. Niwako Yamawaki Apr 2014

Relationship Conflict In College Students At Utah Universities: Dating Violence And Help-Seeking Behavior, Kevin Rushton, Dr. Niwako Yamawaki

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This study was a secondary analysis of the data collected in Dr. Ridge’s study, “Relationship Conflict in College Students at Utah Universities: Dating Violence Assessment.” That project was a large-scale assessment of dating violence victimization and perpetration in incoming college freshmen and upperclassmen at all ten colleges and universities in Utah, including Brigham Young University. The brief online survey assessed factors associated with dating violence victimization and perpetration, including background and personal factors, self and personality factors (i.e., self-esteem, entitlement), and relationship attitudes and other factors (i.e., attachment).


Adaptation Of Dopamine Release With Chronic Ethanol Exposure And Withdrawal, Ronald Lopez, Dr. Scott Steffensen Apr 2014

Adaptation Of Dopamine Release With Chronic Ethanol Exposure And Withdrawal, Ronald Lopez, Dr. Scott Steffensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Alcohol addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder that has enormous impact on society. Alcohol is one of the most abused drugs. Advancement in the understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying the abuse of alcohol will pave the way for more effective treatment strategies that could reverse dependence on this drug and save lives and resources throughout the world.


Developing Clinical Evaluative Norms In A Residential Setting, Melissa Richardson, Dr. Jared Warren Apr 2014

Developing Clinical Evaluative Norms In A Residential Setting, Melissa Richardson, Dr. Jared Warren

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Providing feedback to clinicians has been shown to reliably increase duration of treatment and leads to significantly improved outcomes in adult populations (Lambert et al., 2001), though little has been done for youth populations. Using feedback systems aid clinicians by allowing means for them to obtain valuable information about the baseline and contributors to a patient’s mental illness as well as the progression of the patient throughout treatment. This study used this notion of feedback to utilize a new psychotherapy outcome measure, the Treatment Support Measure (TSM) in the context of a youth residential treatment center (RTC) setting to determine …


Analyzing The Power Of Individual Genes: Maternal Gene Influence On The Serotonin Transporter Gene, Patrick O'Connell, Dr. James Dee Higley Apr 2014

Analyzing The Power Of Individual Genes: Maternal Gene Influence On The Serotonin Transporter Gene, Patrick O'Connell, Dr. James Dee Higley

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The present analysis considers a mother gene-by-infant gene interaction of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (hereafter 5-HTTLPR). This is to our knowledge the first study to analyze this type of interaction. Two principle variants of this gene, a short allele (related to decreased 5-HTT expression), and a long allele, have been identified in both human and nonhuman primates. This provides 3 distinct genotypes: the homozygous short allele (ss), the heterozygotes (Ls), and the homozygous long allele genotype (LL); which have been shown to influence a variety of behaviors, principally those related to impulsive aggression (Higley & Barr, 2008) and anxiety …


Do Gaba(A) Receptors Switch For All Drug Dependence?: Examining The Dopamine-Dependent Pathways Of Alcohol Addiction, Catie Nielson, Dr. Scott Steffensen Apr 2014

Do Gaba(A) Receptors Switch For All Drug Dependence?: Examining The Dopamine-Dependent Pathways Of Alcohol Addiction, Catie Nielson, Dr. Scott Steffensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The prevailing model for addiction proposes that neurotransmission of dopamine (DA) in the brain reward system is dysregulated, with enhanced levels during acute drug exposure and reduced levels during drug dependence and withdrawal. One emerging view is that during drug addiction, GABA(A) receptors switch the effect of GABA neurons on DA neurons from inhibitory to excitatory. This has been demonstrated for opiate addiction (Vargas-Perez et al., 2009). Our lab has previously demonstrated that GABA neurons become tolerant to acute ethanol and hyperexcitable during chronic ethanol (Gallegos et al., 1999), which may explain why dopamine neurotransmission is reduced during withdrawal. The …


Temperament In Social Dominance, Jason Lefrandt, Dr. James Higley Apr 2014

Temperament In Social Dominance, Jason Lefrandt, Dr. James Higley

Journal of Undergraduate Research

During the internship at the University of California, Davis Primate Center this summer 2013, I have had the privilege of learning in various capacities as a research assistant. My main project that I was involved with was under Erna Tarara, a trained primatologist that did her field studies in Africa working on baboons. Together, we collect behavioral data that would help John Capitatio’s BioBehavioral Assessment (BBA) research on rhesus macaques.


Patient Attrition At The Brigham Young University Counseling And Career Center: Obstacles And Opportunies In Care, Viktor Koltko, Dr. Tyler Pedersen Apr 2014

Patient Attrition At The Brigham Young University Counseling And Career Center: Obstacles And Opportunies In Care, Viktor Koltko, Dr. Tyler Pedersen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Premature termination from treatment is a common problem across all psychotherapeutic settings. Dropout undermines the potential benefits of therapy to those in need and also reduces overall cost-effectiveness of treatment. Research indicates that those who terminate unilaterally from therapy are more likely to be dissatisfied with services, are less likely to have improved, and are typically more impaired and hence in need of services. Current research yields no consensus as to the causes of early client termination from therapy. Results of prior studies indicate that wait-time before and between sessions, client improvement, dislike of the therapist, dissatisfaction with services provided, …


Non-Governmental Organizations (Ngos) And Partnerships In Developmental Practice: Understanding The Dynamics Of Inter-Organizational Relationships In Southern India, Kyle Nelson, Dr. Ralph Brown Apr 2014

Non-Governmental Organizations (Ngos) And Partnerships In Developmental Practice: Understanding The Dynamics Of Inter-Organizational Relationships In Southern India, Kyle Nelson, Dr. Ralph Brown

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have become one of the foundational mechanisms of social change and development. International NGOs count in the thousands and are the hallmark organizational form involved in poverty alleviation, human rights empowerment, and social innovation. Therefore, understanding these organizations is important in understanding how development impact comes about. However, no organization works in in a solitary universe, especially in the collaborative and multi-dimensional world of social change, and thus to appropriately comprehend the NGO we must also study their relational context with other organizations. Thus, my research project explored the dynamics of inter-organizational relationships (IORs) between NGOs in …


The New Homeless Of Utah Valley: How Changing Demographics Of Homelessness Requires Revision Of Homeless Policies, Erik Lovell, John Mcmullin, Ke'ala Cabulagan, Dr. Curtis Child Apr 2014

The New Homeless Of Utah Valley: How Changing Demographics Of Homelessness Requires Revision Of Homeless Policies, Erik Lovell, John Mcmullin, Ke'ala Cabulagan, Dr. Curtis Child

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Few populations are as affected by economic conditions as the homeless. With the recent recessions and changes in city/state/federal policies, the homeless population has begun to change. The traditional homeless population was associated with high levels of drug use, jail time, older men, and minorities (Sosin et al. 1990, Kuhn and Culhane 1998). However, the population has become younger, more likely to include families, and have differing patterns of substance abuse and jail time (Culhane et al. 2007, Sosin 2003, Caton et al. 2005). The traditional homeless person, defined as chronically homeless, would remain homeless for long periods of time …


Un Report On The Status Of Women In Cambodia, Chloe Litchfield Apr 2014

Un Report On The Status Of Women In Cambodia, Chloe Litchfield

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The data for the 2013 Cambodia CEDAW Shadow Report was collected May–August 2013. This data was collected in Phnom Penh, Cambodia from individuals who work for organizations that assist women throughout the country.


The Analogical Modeling Of Variation In Russian Inflectional Morphology, Vitalijs Sadovskis, Dr. Royal Skousen Apr 2014

The Analogical Modeling Of Variation In Russian Inflectional Morphology, Vitalijs Sadovskis, Dr. Royal Skousen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The primary purpose of this project was to explain the common and frequently occurring phenomena of variation in Russian morphology. This research is based on empirical data from the Russian language output of native speakers of Russian. The data sets were prepared for and processed by the Analogical Modeling software designed specifically for predicting language behavior. The results of computer analysis were compared with the actual language usage.


Museums Of Memory: Daughters Of Utah Pioneer Museums And Their Continued Role In Western Society, Britten Harmon, Dr. Paul Stavast Apr 2014

Museums Of Memory: Daughters Of Utah Pioneer Museums And Their Continued Role In Western Society, Britten Harmon, Dr. Paul Stavast

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Since 1901, the International Society Daughters of Utah Pioneers have endeavored to keep the history and achievements of their pioneer ancestors alive. Part of their mission is to collect artifacts, histories, manuscripts and other important data relative to the Utah pioneers and their surrounding communities, and to preserve and display these in both their central Pioneer Memorial Museum in Salt Lake City and in over 100 satellite museums throughout Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada and Utah. (ISDUP, 2012)