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Articles 4261 - 4290 of 6849

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

A Study Of First Language Background And Second Language Order Of Acquisition, Meghan Elizabeth Aitken Jul 2011

A Study Of First Language Background And Second Language Order Of Acquisition, Meghan Elizabeth Aitken

Theses and Dissertations

One major topic that often appears in textbooks on second language acquisition (SLA) is that of order of acquisition of morphemes. Much research has been done on the issue in the past, and a particular acquisition order has been accepted by many in the field of SLA for second language learners of English. This order of morphemes is deemed invariant and not affected by the native language of the learner. This thesis examines this claim, using an elicited imitation test to target nine English morphemes. The results show that a learner's native language does indeed have an effect on the …

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Self-Advocacy Training In Secondary Schools For Students With Learning Disabilities, Ashleigh R. Smith Jul 2011

Self-Advocacy Training In Secondary Schools For Students With Learning Disabilities, Ashleigh R. Smith

Theses and Dissertations

To be successful in the general education students with disabilities may require accommodations. Students with disabilities need to develop self-advocating skills to be able to request the accommodations needed in the general education. This article describes a study in which six high school students with learning disabilities were explicitly taught to recognize when an accommodation was needed, select the appropriate accommodation, request the accommodation and then implement the accommodation in the general education classroom. The study indicated that students were able to advocate for themselves by requesting accommodations from their general education teacher. Based on data collected though this study, …

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Resolving Incidents Of Bullying Among High Functioning Adolescents With Asd: Parent Perspectives, Wan-Ting Chuang Jul 2011

Resolving Incidents Of Bullying Among High Functioning Adolescents With Asd: Parent Perspectives, Wan-Ting Chuang

Theses and Dissertations

A qualitative study was conducted investigating the perceptions of seven parents of high functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) regarding incidents of bullying in which the child was involved. Results of the study indicated that all of the children had been bullied at one time or another, and that the majority had difficulty in demonstrating appropriate social skills. The parents viewed supportive peers to be a positive factor, fostering the children's satisfactory social adjustment. Parent interventions for their child included social skills instruction and empathy training. Research implications for educators included the need to establish systemic organized school-wide support …

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Paraeducators In Secondary Transitional Settings: Their Knowledge, Responsibilities, And Training Needs, Michelle Holbrook Jul 2011

Paraeducators In Secondary Transitional Settings: Their Knowledge, Responsibilities, And Training Needs, Michelle Holbrook

Theses and Dissertations

The authors queried 336 paraeducators working in 34 high schools or special programs offering transitional services for adult students with disabilities. The survey included (a) the contexts in which they support students with disabilities, (b) their knowledge about core competencies in educating these students, (c) the job-related tasks they perform most frequently, (d) their perceived ability to perform these tasks effectively, and (e) their need for further training across these knowledge and task areas. The study replicated a study conducted by Carter, O'Rourke, Sisco, and Pelsue (2009) surveying paraeducators working in K-12 settings. The authors found that paraeducators worked with …

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Portrayal Of Characters With Disabilities In Newbery Books, Casey Lin Pehrson Jul 2011

Portrayal Of Characters With Disabilities In Newbery Books, Casey Lin Pehrson

Theses and Dissertations

Commonly practiced in school settings, bibliotherapy promotes healing and problem solving. In schools, bibliotherapy should be utilized to educate and empower students and to enhance the classroom experience. In order to achieve this purpose, teachers need a variety of books to specifically target students' unique needs. Award-winning books, such as those receiving the prestigious Newbery Medal, are important resources for teachers. This study examined the portrayal of characters with disabilities in 249 Newbery Medal and Honor books published between 1922 and 1974. From this sample, 20 books featured a combined total of 21 characters with a disability, as defined by …

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A Content Analysis Of Exemplars In Weekly U.S. News Magazines, Lincoln Thomas Hubbard Jul 2011

A Content Analysis Of Exemplars In Weekly U.S. News Magazines, Lincoln Thomas Hubbard

Theses and Dissertations

This study was designed to research whether the conditions that give rise to exemplar effects in experimental designs are present in the real world, specifically by conducting a comprehensive content analysis of news articles in weekly U.S. news magazines. Exemplification studies the relationship between examples and the larger population they represent, and how examples effect consumer's perceptions and behaviors (Zillmann & Brosius, 2000). In experimental design several independent variable have been tested and have shown that people's perceptions fall largely in line with the emphasis of the exemplars presented. A stratified random sample of magazines, representative of a whole year, …

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Effects Of A Parent Training Workshop On Parent Perceptions Of Children With Developmental Disabilities, Stephanie Priscilla Call Jul 2011

Effects Of A Parent Training Workshop On Parent Perceptions Of Children With Developmental Disabilities, Stephanie Priscilla Call

Theses and Dissertations

Children with developmental disabilities often exhibit problem behaviors, such as physical aggression, tantrums, and self-injury. These behaviors can detrimentally affect the family's lifestyle. Research has shown that such families should take an active role in developing and implementing a behavior plan. However, families need support to promote effective changes in their child's behavior. This study investigated how a positive behavior support workshop that used the Family HOPE program affected behavior problems and parent/child relationships in families with children with developmental disabilities. Parents of eight children with disabilities and challenging behaviors participated in this research. A Project Director and Principal Investigator …

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The Effects Of Video Self-Modeling On The Math Performance Of Adolescents With Developmental Disabilities, Cami Elizabeth Burton Jul 2011

The Effects Of Video Self-Modeling On The Math Performance Of Adolescents With Developmental Disabilities, Cami Elizabeth Burton

Theses and Dissertations

The current study examined the effects of video self-modeling (VSM) via an iPad on the mathematics performance of students with developmental disabilities. The learning task was presented from the consumers' point of view; students learned to estimate the amount of money they should use to pay for a given item and the amount they should receive back to help ensure that they are treated honestly by merchants. Through VSM, video clips showing the step-by-step problem solving process were synchronized onto an iPad. Students were shown how to use the iPad and access the video clips in order to watch themselves …

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Utah Pacific Islander Former Gang Members: Meanings Of Everyday Lived Experiences, Natasha Leeann Afalava Jul 2011

Utah Pacific Islander Former Gang Members: Meanings Of Everyday Lived Experiences, Natasha Leeann Afalava

Theses and Dissertations

Gangs continue to extend a strong influence around the United States, impacting most urban areas and spreading into suburban and rural communities. With approximately one million members actively involved, gangs account for up to 80% of crimes in some communities. Amidst crime and antisocial activities associated with gangs, gangs continue to be a strong allure for youth. Much research has investigated reasons for youth joining gangs; however, there is a lack of research exploring the kinds of experiences youths receive while living the gang life. According to Utah statistics, Pacific Islander youth are at high risk of joining a gang: …

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The Dilemma Of Mixed Methods, Bradford J. Wiggins Jul 2011

The Dilemma Of Mixed Methods, Bradford J. Wiggins

Theses and Dissertations

The past three decades have seen a proliferation of research methods, both quantitative and qualitative, available to psychologists. Whereas some scholars have claimed that qualitative and quantitative methods are inherently opposed, recently many more researchers have argued in favor of "mixed methods" approaches. In this dissertation I begin with a review of the mixed methods literature regarding how to integrate qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Based on this review, I argue that current mixed methods approaches have fallen short of their goal of integrating qualitative and quantitative methodologies and I argue that this problem may be due to a problematic ontology. …

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Reliability And A Measure Of Sexual Interest: Examining The Temporal Stability Of Scores On Affinity 2.5, Kristina S. Withers Hansen Jul 2011

Reliability And A Measure Of Sexual Interest: Examining The Temporal Stability Of Scores On Affinity 2.5, Kristina S. Withers Hansen

Theses and Dissertations

Affinity 2.5 is a computer-based instrument designed to measure sexual interest using viewing time of images depicting fully-clothed males and females of different ages. Participants are asked to rate the sexual attractiveness of the person in the image according to a 15-point scale while their viewing time of each image is surreptitiously monitored. The validity of viewing time as a measure of sexual interest is based on social cognition theory and is established in the review of literature. The number of images comprising Affinity 2.5 represents a 42.9% increase from the previous version of the assessment, Affinity 2.0. The purpose …

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Gone But Not Forgetting: Examining The Differentiation Of Flourishing And Floundering In Emerging Adulthood In The Context Of Family Development, Shirene A. Urry Jul 2011

Gone But Not Forgetting: Examining The Differentiation Of Flourishing And Floundering In Emerging Adulthood In The Context Of Family Development, Shirene A. Urry

Theses and Dissertations

In emerging adulthood, distinctive groups have been found to exhibit "flourishing" (i.e., simultaneously experiencing positive, maturing relationships with parents, exploring identity in numerous positive areas, and striving to attain and subsequently achieving criteria deemed important for the successful transition to adulthood) and "floundering" (i.e., experiencing pitfalls such as heavy experimentation in the form of high levels of binge drinking and drug use, and instability reflected in high levels of depression and anxiety; Nelson & Padilla-Walker, 2011). While these groups have been found to differ with regards to factors of individual development, they had not been examined for variation with regards …

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Promoting Couples Collaboration In Type 2 Diabetes: The Diabetes Support Project Pilot Data, Paula Trief, Jonathan G. Sandberg, Robert Ploutz-Snyder, Rebecca Brittain, Donald Cibula, Kasandra Scales, Ruth S. Weinstock Jul 2011

Promoting Couples Collaboration In Type 2 Diabetes: The Diabetes Support Project Pilot Data, Paula Trief, Jonathan G. Sandberg, Robert Ploutz-Snyder, Rebecca Brittain, Donald Cibula, Kasandra Scales, Ruth S. Weinstock

Faculty Publications

A pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility and potential efficacy of a couples focused diabetes intervention in which a collaborative problem-solving approach to diabetes self-care was promoted. Couples (N = 44), in which one partner had Type 2 diabetes and was in poor blood glucose control were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a couples intervention, and individual intervention, or individual diabetes education. The intervention included goal-setting, dietary behavior change, and a focus on emotions. For those in the couples arm, this was done within the framework of promoting collaborative communication between the partners. All intervention …

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Unintended Social And Economic Consequences Resulting From The Implementation Of New Construction Technologies In The Developing World, Andrew J. South Jul 2011

Unintended Social And Economic Consequences Resulting From The Implementation Of New Construction Technologies In The Developing World, Andrew J. South

Theses and Dissertations

One of the key components of international development is to provide adequate shelter for citizens of developing countries. This is often accomplished by governmental, non- governmental, and private organizations that seek to lower the cost, increase the quality, and expand the availability of safe, sustainable housing through the use of innovative technologies. These new technologies can affect the social and/or economic structure within communities. This paper is a case study resulting from the construction of a seventy-one-home village, including infrastructure, near Yogyakarta, Indonesia by a foreign, aid-based non-governmental organization (NGO). The village was relocated less than two kilometers from its …

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Utilizing Focus Groups To Determine Clinical Perceptions Of Assessment Needs, Emily Ruth Smith Putnam Jul 2011

Utilizing Focus Groups To Determine Clinical Perceptions Of Assessment Needs, Emily Ruth Smith Putnam

Theses and Dissertations

There has been a recent trend towards increasing accountability of mental health care providers through the use of treatment outcome measures, in order to reduce spending and improve patient care. This qualitative study utilized focus groups to elicit input regarding the need and possible content involved in creating an improved outcome measure specifically designed for severe emotionally disturbed (SED) children and adolescents. We conducted 60-90 minute focus groups with each of the following three separate constituent groups who are regularly involved in the care of SED youth at the Utah State Hospital (USH), including a) hospital clinical staff, b) affiliated …

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Videogames And Friendships: Contextual Factors That Influence The Willingness To Aggress Following The Playing Of A Violent Videogame, Jonathan Charles Edwin Rogers Jul 2011

Videogames And Friendships: Contextual Factors That Influence The Willingness To Aggress Following The Playing Of A Violent Videogame, Jonathan Charles Edwin Rogers

Theses and Dissertations

Participants (N = 73) in the present research were assigned to play a violent videogame (Super Smash Brothers) with either a supportive or an ambivalent friend. Orthogonal to this manipulation, participants were assigned to play the game either competitively or cooperatively. Subsequent aggression toward their friend was assessed by measuring participants' competitive or cooperative behavior in a Prisoner's Dilemma game. Results revealed no differences in aggression as a function of friendship type or game strategy, although means were in predicted directions. The influence of context on exposure to violent media is discussed, as are issues of power and …

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Ambivalent Sexism And Traditional Gender Roles As Predictors Of Performance Evaluation Bias, Caleb Braxton Bragg Jul 2011

Ambivalent Sexism And Traditional Gender Roles As Predictors Of Performance Evaluation Bias, Caleb Braxton Bragg

Theses and Dissertations

The object of the present research was to examine the relationship between ambivalent sexism, adherence to traditional gender roles, gendered job types, performance evaluations and promotion decisions. There were 124 participants recruited from undergraduate psychology courses, randomly assigned to one of four scenarios. Participants took the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), Ambivalence towards Men Inventory (AMI), and Sex Role Egalitarianism Scale (SRES), read a scenario, and then evaluated the leader in the scenario using the Leadership Effectiveness Appraisal of Performance (LEAP). A 2x2x2 MANOVA found significant main effects for participant gender on the ASI and SRES, but no main or interaction …

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An Analysis Of Graduate School Recruitment Via Website Resources, Dylan K. Matsumori Jul 2011

An Analysis Of Graduate School Recruitment Via Website Resources, Dylan K. Matsumori

Theses and Dissertations

Institutions of higher learning are experiencing increased difficulty managing the quantity and quality of their graduate student populations (Kallio, 1995). Currently the most important informational resource for potential students engaged in the graduate school search process is the Web (Huddleston & Drexel, 2006). Previous research has focused on things such as website design and technological advances but has failed to address the core content needed by applicants (Huddleston & Drexel, 2006). Research has focused on website design from the perspective of administrators and web designers with little consideration of the individuals who are in the process of applying to or …

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The Effect Of Elementary After-School Participation On The Transition To Middle School, Grant Scanland Adamz Jul 2011

The Effect Of Elementary After-School Participation On The Transition To Middle School, Grant Scanland Adamz

Theses and Dissertations

This case study takes an in-depth look at what type of students transition from elementary to middle school 21st Century Community Learning Center programs. Using binary logistic regressions, I identify key characteristics that predict whether or not a student will continue to attend the program after they transition to a new school and then discuss how to improve the attendance of after-school programs. Moreover, this case study also identifies how different school program environments serve different types of students in two cohorts starting in fifth grade. Middle school context moderates the effects of other variables that are predictive of participation …

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Division Of Labor And Marital Quality In China, Lexie Y. Pfeifer Jul 2011

Division Of Labor And Marital Quality In China, Lexie Y. Pfeifer

Theses and Dissertations

Research done in the United States has linked household division of labor to marital quality. Research shows that satisfaction with division of labor is associated with greater marital happiness. There is minimal research in other countries on the relationship between division of labor and marital quality. China, with a history of gender inequality and emerging women's rights, makes an ideal setting for examining the relationship between division of labor and marital quality. In addition to measuring the influence of division of labor and satisfaction with division of labor on marital satisfaction, this study includes a scale on childcare related tasks. …

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Computerized Oral Proficiency Test For Japanese: Measuring L2 Speaking Ability With Asr Technology, Hitokazu Matsushita Jul 2011

Computerized Oral Proficiency Test For Japanese: Measuring L2 Speaking Ability With Asr Technology, Hitokazu Matsushita

Theses and Dissertations

Developing a time- and cost-efficient method for second language (L2) oral proficiency measurement is one of the research topics that has attracted much attention in recent decades. The purpose of this study is to develop a computerized oral testing system for L2 Japanese using automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology. Two testing methods called elicited imitation (EI) and simulated speech (SS) are proposed to quantify L2 accuracy and fluency via ASR processing. This study also suggests systematic EI item creation leveraging corpus technology and discusses the effectiveness of the test items created through analyses of item difficulty. Further, refinement of the …

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Thin-Ideal Internalization, Body Misperception, And Their Association With Weight Control Behaviors Among Adolescent Girls, Erin Lindsey Moore Jul 2011

Thin-Ideal Internalization, Body Misperception, And Their Association With Weight Control Behaviors Among Adolescent Girls, Erin Lindsey Moore

Theses and Dissertations

Negative body image and preoccupation with weight are the norm for most women and girls in Western society, despite their potentially harmful consequences for psychological and physical wellness. While we know that many in this population experience negative feelings towards their bodies, we do not know if their beliefs about their body size are accurate and what effect a correct or incorrect assessment of one's body size has in terms of actual behavior. I examine this question among adolescent girls using data from the 2002 Health Behaviors in School-Age Children Survey. With a sample of 2,784 girls between the ages …

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Getting To The Root Of Relationship Attributions: Family-Of-Origin Perspectives On Self And Partner Views, Brandt C. Gardner, Dean M. Busby, Brandon K. Burr, Sarah E. Lyon Jul 2011

Getting To The Root Of Relationship Attributions: Family-Of-Origin Perspectives On Self And Partner Views, Brandt C. Gardner, Dean M. Busby, Brandon K. Burr, Sarah E. Lyon

Faculty Publications

A large body of research has been devoted to the study of family-of-origin (FOO) experience influences on future relationship outcomes and processes. In addition, substantial information exists regarding the role relationship attributions play in connection with relationship quality and stability. Yet, limited information has been forthcoming regarding how the FOO experience has an influence on attributions made in romantic relationships. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to assess the impact of the FOO experience on attributions made about one’s own communication and personality variables, as well as the communication and personality variables of one’s partner from a sample of individuals …

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Community Satisfaction, Community Attachment, Community Experience, Internet Use And Internet Access In Rural Utah Communities, Tisah M. Quarnberg Jul 2011

Community Satisfaction, Community Attachment, Community Experience, Internet Use And Internet Access In Rural Utah Communities, Tisah M. Quarnberg

Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the impact of the Internet on rural community satisfaction, attachment and overall experience. With the geographic dispersion of social networks, the majority of the population has a greater need for long-distance social networking. The Internet has the potential to mitigate distance and connect social networks much faster than letter writing or face-to-face visits. While the Internet is available, to at least some extent, in rural communities in Utah, does it positively affect overall perceptions of community life? This study finds that this is not the case. There is a negative relationship between Internet use and community satisfaction …

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Democracy Online: Immigration Discourse Over Time, Brian David Harris Jul 2011

Democracy Online: Immigration Discourse Over Time, Brian David Harris

Theses and Dissertations

The growth of internet communication has affected deliberative democracy by introducing new public spheres. One emerging public sphere is the discussion forum linked to online news sources. By analyzing 1,768 comments posted to a regional online news website, I discuss five key frameworks that commenters used to simplify the debate over immigration. I also find that extreme comments decreased in frequency over a two-year period while more moderate comments increased. In light of group polarization theory, this finding suggests that the forum is more like a single community with a fairly moderate average position to which people with differing opinions …

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Higher Education In Native American Communities: Who Graduates And Why?, Ramon Francisco Castillo Ii Jul 2011

Higher Education In Native American Communities: Who Graduates And Why?, Ramon Francisco Castillo Ii

Theses and Dissertations

In this case study, I examine the graduation patterns of students attending Chief Dull Knife College located on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation in Lame Deer, Montana. While comparing the characteristics of students attending this college with that of two-year colleges nationally and tribal schools throughout the nation, we begin to understand the unique situation that this community faces. With the use of logistic and linear regressions, I explored the characteristics of those who graduate and ask the question, who graduates and what makes them unique? This study found that the credits attempted per semester, the number of credits they earned …

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Full-Time Employment Ads In Tesol: Identifying What Employers Seek In Potential Hires, Caprice L. Bailey Jul 2011

Full-Time Employment Ads In Tesol: Identifying What Employers Seek In Potential Hires, Caprice L. Bailey

Theses and Dissertations

Within the professional field of TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages), it is not unusual for highly qualified instructors to teach several part-time jobs in order to support themselves. Despite advocacy efforts carried out by the international TESOL organization, finding rewarding full-time employment in the United States can be very challenging. In addition, with the current state of the economy and high unemployment, TESOL professionals like others in various fields are seeking stable employment. Although this research will not solve the lack of full-time jobs, the intention is to help job seekers better prepare themselves for today's job …

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Adult Attachment: A Framework For Predicting Dating Patterns, Franklin Owen Poulsen Jul 2011

Adult Attachment: A Framework For Predicting Dating Patterns, Franklin Owen Poulsen

Theses and Dissertations

Although adult attachment has been the focus of a great deal of relationship research, few studies have attempted to examine how adult attachment style may be related to relationship initiation. This study investigates how adult attachment is associated with dating processes and patterns in a sample (N = 587) of college students at a private religious university. Results indicate that attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance are related to a pattern of being mostly dateless in a twenty-five week period. Furthermore, attachment avoidance but not anxiety is related to having fewer relationships in the period. Along with attachment avoidance and anxiety, …

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Mormon Fertility In Latin America, Kiira Elizabeth Fox Jul 2011

Mormon Fertility In Latin America, Kiira Elizabeth Fox

Theses and Dissertations

While previous research has identified religion as an influence of fertility, how context changes the nature of that relationship remains little understood. Using census data from Brazil, Chile and Mexico, this study examines whether the high fertility pattern of one pronatalist, American-born religion (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) translates to the Latin American context. Results indicate that it does, but only inconsistently as the pronatalist pattern is masked by members' educational attainment and mixed religion marriages. When these attributes are accounted for LDS fertility is high in Latin America, especially among the more educated. This study highlights …

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Comparing The Effects Of Two Forms Of Dynamic Corrective Feedback On Four Characteristics Of English Language Learner Writing, Judson Mc Kay Hart Jul 2011

Comparing The Effects Of Two Forms Of Dynamic Corrective Feedback On Four Characteristics Of English Language Learner Writing, Judson Mc Kay Hart

Theses and Dissertations

Particular English language learners have a need to demonstrate high levels of accuracy in their written and spoken language production. Dynamic corrective feedback (dynamic CF) has been shown to facilitate L2 learner written accuracy attainment through providing manageable, meaningful, timely and constant feedback on authentic and frequent written language production. The research of this thesis examined the benefits of altering the dynamic CF model to be responsive to students' spoken production rather than solely their written production and measured the impact this adaptation would have on the established benefits of the instructional strategy on students' gains in written accuracy. The …

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