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Articles 2161 - 2190 of 7782
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Reduced Egocentric Bias When Perspective-Taking Compared With Working From Rules, Steven Samuel, Anna Frohnwieser, Robert Lurz, Nicola S. Clayton
Reduced Egocentric Bias When Perspective-Taking Compared With Working From Rules, Steven Samuel, Anna Frohnwieser, Robert Lurz, Nicola S. Clayton
Publications and Research
Previous research has suggested that adults are sometimes egocentric, erroneously attributing their current beliefs, perspectives, and opinions to others. Interestingly, this egocentricity is sometimes stronger when perspective-taking than when working from functionally identical but non-perspectival rules. Much of our knowledge of egocentric bias comes from Level 1 perspective-taking (e.g., judging whether something is seen) and judgements made about narrated characters or avatars rather than truly social stimuli such as another person in the same room. We tested whether adults would be egocentric on a Level 2 perspective-taking task (judging how something appears), in which they were instructed to indicate on …
Exploring Vicarious Trauma In The Archives: A Brief Survey Of American Archival Experiences, Victoria A. Fernandez
Exploring Vicarious Trauma In The Archives: A Brief Survey Of American Archival Experiences, Victoria A. Fernandez
Student Theses
Whether deliberately collected or not, evidence of trauma is commonly found in archival collections. As a result, the field has seen a recent increase in conference presentations regarding archivists’ experience of working with traumatic materials, yet little has actually been researched or published. Vicarious trauma, as it is known in psychological contexts, is the understanding that individuals engaging with survivors of trauma may experience the emotional labor of their clients in secondary form. Although the concept of vicarious trauma is almost exclusively applied to mental health professionals, archivists are recognizing the need to integrate the prevalence of vicarious trauma within …
Substance Use, Neurocognitive Deficits, And Criminal Recidivism, Emily H. Kim
Substance Use, Neurocognitive Deficits, And Criminal Recidivism, Emily H. Kim
Student Theses
Many offenders demonstrate substance use and neurocognitive impairments. Substance use directly impacts executive functioning due to poor impulse control, leading to impaired decision- making. Substance use and neurocognitive deficits also contribute to recidivism. Incarcerated individuals with substance use disorder have higher rates of recidivism, and executive dysfunction has been shown to contribute to recidivism due to low behavioral inhibition skills and deficiency with cognitive flexibility. There is a discontinuity in literature, however, since many studies only investigate either substance use or neurocognitive deficits to predict recidivism. However, it is important to examine the interaction of these factors to predict future …
Time Machine Research And Approach, Tarek Bouraque
Time Machine Research And Approach, Tarek Bouraque
Theses and Dissertations
Time Machine is a hybrid documentary that explores the logics of enslavement, colonialism, eurocentrism and their interconnectedness in our globalized world. Mustapha Azemmouri, born in 1502, undertakes a journey to the 21st century to recount his own story of enslavement and exploration, and reflects on a collective puzzle of 500 years of hidden history.
Environmental Predictors Of A Drug Offender Crime Script: A Systematic Social Observation Of Google Street View Images And Cctv Footage, Victoria A. Sytsma, Nathan Connealy, Eric L. Piza
Environmental Predictors Of A Drug Offender Crime Script: A Systematic Social Observation Of Google Street View Images And Cctv Footage, Victoria A. Sytsma, Nathan Connealy, Eric L. Piza
Publications and Research
The extent to which environmental context has been considered when developing crime scripts has been limited to descriptions of locations offenders visit during the crime. This research contributes a description of the environmental characteristics of an open-air drug market and identifies environmental facilitators and inhibitors toward offender actions during a drug selling crime script. CCTV camera footage is combined with Google Street View to determine if physical disorder, decay, and ‘crime generators’ characterize the drug market under study. Crime generators such as retail facilities and bars and liquor stores are environmental facilitators toward a drug selling crime script; and transit …
When Knowledge Breaks, Elizabeth Jardine
When Knowledge Breaks, Elizabeth Jardine
Publications and Research
Blog post describing the effect of the shift to distance learning due to COVID-19 in Spring 2020 on content and maintenance of LaGuardia Community College's Ask LaGuardia knowledge base.
The Relationship Between Traumatic Brain Injuries, Impulsivity, And Crime, Brian Ramanauskas
The Relationship Between Traumatic Brain Injuries, Impulsivity, And Crime, Brian Ramanauskas
Student Theses
The rate of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are increasing each year, impacting an estimated 1.4 million Americans. After further investigation, researchers have concluded that 8.5% of the general public sustains at least one TBI, whereas this number ranges from 25% to 87% in criminal populations. In the literature, impulsivity is frequently described as poorly conceived, prematurely expressed, or inappropriate behaviors. Additionally, poor impulse control has been shown to significantly impact the likelihood of criminal activity, increasing the rate of recidivism. The current study examined an archival dataset of 95 incarcerated individuals from a private correctional facility in a large mid-Atlantic …
Dispute Initiation In The World Trade Organization: An Evaluation Of Trade Complaints Filed With The U.S. Trade Representative’S Office Between 1995 And 2004, Jennifer Dikler
Theses and Dissertations
This paper explores the determinants of dispute settlement prior to formal WTO proceedings, utilizing 2,334 complaints filed with the USTR between 1995 and 2004. My results affirm that the gravity model continues to hold explanatory power in explaining WTO dispute initiation, as do the characteristics of the barrier itself.
Somatic Marker Production Deficits Do Not Explain The Relationship Between Psychopathic Traits And Utilitarian Moral Decision Making, Shawn E. Fagan, Liat Kofler, Sarah Riccio, Yu Gao
Somatic Marker Production Deficits Do Not Explain The Relationship Between Psychopathic Traits And Utilitarian Moral Decision Making, Shawn E. Fagan, Liat Kofler, Sarah Riccio, Yu Gao
Publications and Research
In moral dilemma tasks, high levels of psychopathic traits often predict increased utilitarian responding—specifically, endorsing sacrificing one person to save many. Research suggests that increased arousal (i.e., somatic marker production) underlies lower rates of utilitarian responding during moral dilemmas. Though deficient somatic marker production is characteristic of psychopathy, how this deficit affects the psychopathy–utilitarian connection remains unknown. We assessed psychopathic traits in undergraduates, as well as behavioral performance and skin conductance level reactivity (SCL-R; a measure of somatic marker production) during a moral dilemma task. High psychopathic traits and low SCL-R were associated with increased utilitarian decisions in dilemmas involving …
Shelter Dogs: The Effects Of Training On Proximity, Samantha K. Nigbur
Shelter Dogs: The Effects Of Training On Proximity, Samantha K. Nigbur
Theses and Dissertations
Almost 700,000 dogs are euthanized in U.S. shelters every year (ASPCA, 2017). In order to increase their adoptability, this study examined the use of positive reinforcement and shaping to train dogs to spend time in proximity to people. The experimenter selected 45 subjects who remained at the back of their kennels when she approached them. Fifteen of the subjects were trained with the use of a clicker marker and 15 without the use of any marker. Fifteen subjects were simply exposed to the presence of the experimenter. It was found that training significantly increased the number of dogs that reached …
The Effect Of Hurricane Sandy On Mental Health Outcomes Of New Yorkers, Kacper Perkowski
The Effect Of Hurricane Sandy On Mental Health Outcomes Of New Yorkers, Kacper Perkowski
Theses and Dissertations
This study’s objective is to evaluate the effect of Hurricane Sandy on the long-term mental health of New Yorkers. Health data spanning from 2010-2014 was obtained through the Community Health Survey. Difference-in-differences regressions were employed to evaluate the relationship. The results show Hurricane Sandy had no statistically significant effect on any key mental health variables.
Interpersonal Emotion Regulation, Suicide Attempts, And Self-Injurious Behavior, Mariah Xu
Interpersonal Emotion Regulation, Suicide Attempts, And Self-Injurious Behavior, Mariah Xu
Theses and Dissertations
Emotion dysregulation and intense affect have been found to differentiate people who only think about suicide from people who attempt suicide, and social support is a protective factor against suicide attempts. Prior research has not conceptualized social influences on affective processes as a cohesive process in the development and evaluation of suicide risk. The current study investigates the role of interpersonal emotion regulation (IER), or how others manage or change individuals’ emotions, in both chronic and acute suicide risk. IER can contribute to chronic suicide risk by influencing intrapersonal emotion regulation long-term, and increasing acquired capability through dysregulated behaviors such …
The Role Of Perceived Heterosexism In Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity Among Trauma-Exposed Sexual Minority Individuals, Natalie M. Cereseto
The Role Of Perceived Heterosexism In Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity Among Trauma-Exposed Sexual Minority Individuals, Natalie M. Cereseto
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis employed structured posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assessments, a micro-longitudinal 30-day daily diary assessment, and multilevel modeling to investigate the unique and interactive effects of traumatic stress and daily sexual minority-related discrimination on PTSD symptoms and negative affect in a diverse sample of 38 trauma-exposed SM individuals.
Testing Reliability Of Biophilic Design Matrix Within Urban Residential Playrooms, Ellen Marte
Testing Reliability Of Biophilic Design Matrix Within Urban Residential Playrooms, Ellen Marte
Theses and Dissertations
Biophilic interior design in urban playrooms has been greatly understudied. We measured inter-rater reliability of the Biophilic Interior Design Matrix (BID-M) and matrix items by quantitatively coding images of 45 New York City residential playrooms. Findings suggest that the BID-M needs to be modified to better assess urban playrooms.
Presence And Degree Of Contrafreeloading In African Grey Parrots (Psittacus Erithacus), Gabriella E. Smith
Presence And Degree Of Contrafreeloading In African Grey Parrots (Psittacus Erithacus), Gabriella E. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined contrafreeloading—choosing a physical task to access food over free food—in two Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus). Both birds contrafreeloaded for food of equal or higher value, but differed in which contrafreeloading task they preferred. Differences between the parrots are considered as individual preferences for self-reinforcing tasks.
Identity Development In Adolescent And Young Adult Cancer Survivors, Rachel M. Walsh
Identity Development In Adolescent And Young Adult Cancer Survivors, Rachel M. Walsh
Theses and Dissertations
The current study investigated identity development among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors. We examined the relationship between identity development with body image, self-esteem and self-perception. Results suggest that AYA survivors’ sense of self (how they perceive themselves, and how much they like themselves) is associated with their identity status.
Mapping Ecological Futures: Toward A Cartography Of Climate Justice, Timothy C. Lau
Mapping Ecological Futures: Toward A Cartography Of Climate Justice, Timothy C. Lau
Theses and Dissertations
The concept of climate justice importantly reveals the uneven impacts of climate change. However, existing attempts at mapping climate justice are dominated by nation-state-based approaches, which fail to capture the sociospatial complexity of climate injustice. To address that gap, this thesis explores climate justice through the lens of critical cartography.
Shocks To Aggregate Demand And Aggregate Supply In The Midst Of Covid-19, Anna M. Gellerman
Shocks To Aggregate Demand And Aggregate Supply In The Midst Of Covid-19, Anna M. Gellerman
Publications and Research
COVID-19 sent shockwaves throughout the economy, changing the amounts of goods and services distributed and altering the demand. This article discusses the negative demand shock and adverse supply shock that the U.S. economy faced in 2020, and the policies that the government implemented to reverse these effects.
Snapshots Of Human Anatomy, Locomotion, And Behavior From Late Pleistocene Footprints At Engare Sero, Tanzania, Kevin Hatala, William E. H. Harcourt-Smith, Adam D. Gordon, Brian W. Zimmer, Brian G. Richmond, Briana L. Pobiner, David J. Green, Adam Metallo, Vince Rossi, Cynthia M. Liutkus-Pierce
Snapshots Of Human Anatomy, Locomotion, And Behavior From Late Pleistocene Footprints At Engare Sero, Tanzania, Kevin Hatala, William E. H. Harcourt-Smith, Adam D. Gordon, Brian W. Zimmer, Brian G. Richmond, Briana L. Pobiner, David J. Green, Adam Metallo, Vince Rossi, Cynthia M. Liutkus-Pierce
Publications and Research
Fossil hominin footprints preserve data on a remarkably short time scale compared to most other fossil evidence, offering snapshots of organisms in their immediate ecological and behavioral contexts. Here, we report on our excavations and analyses of more than 400 Late Pleistocene human footprints from Engare Sero, Tanzania. The site represents the largest assemblage of footprints currently known from the human fossil record in Africa. Speed estimates show that the trackways reflect both walking and running behaviors. Estimates of group composition suggest that these footprints were made by a mixed-sex and mixed-age group, but one that consisted of mostly adult …
The Language Abilities Of Justice-Involved Adults, Talaya Patton
The Language Abilities Of Justice-Involved Adults, Talaya Patton
Student Theses
This study explores the relationship between language abilities and involvement with the justice system across the lifespan. Previous research has demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of language impairment in juvenile justice populations, relative to the general population. These language impairments have been found across both expressive and receptive abilities, often previously undiagnosed.Further, juvenile justice involvement is a well-established predictor for later adult criminal behavior.However, no studies to date have explored the effects of language abilities and juvenile justice involvement on future outcomes, namely continued justice involvement in adulthood. The current study utilizes archival data on 95 incarcerated men to analyze …
Validation Theory And Culturally Relevant Curriculum In The Information Literacy Classroom, Torie L. Quinonez, Antonia P. Olivas
Validation Theory And Culturally Relevant Curriculum In The Information Literacy Classroom, Torie L. Quinonez, Antonia P. Olivas
Urban Library Journal
Torie Quiñonez is the Arts and Humanities Librarian at California State University, San Marcos (CSUSM). She earned her master's degree in Library and Information Science from Pratt Institute. As a first-generation college graduate and Chicana, her professional interest in critical pedagogy and information literacy intersects with personal investment in the transitional experiences of Latinx and first-generation college students as they negotiate multiple identities. Antonia Olivas is the Engagement & Inclusion Librarian at California State University San Marcos (CSUSM). She spent 12 years in the Teaching and Learning department and worked very closely with first-year students from various backgrounds. She earned …
Does Having A Baby Affect Tenants’ Renting Opportunities? Experimental Evidence From Nyc, Christina Katopodis
Does Having A Baby Affect Tenants’ Renting Opportunities? Experimental Evidence From Nyc, Christina Katopodis
Theses and Dissertations
Access to reliable and stable housing is critical for the general population in urban areas and large cities. This paper tests for differential treatment in the rental housing market using an experiment conducted via e-mail for rental units advertised on-line. There are two emails with the same content, except for one shows the family status as childless and the other shows the family status as having an 18-month-old child. These emails were then sent to the landlords with an equal distribution. Apart from family status, there is no mention of socioeconomic status or any other identifying factors of the tenant. …
In Review: Effective Difficult Conversations: A Step-By-Step Guide, M. Anne O'Reilly
In Review: Effective Difficult Conversations: A Step-By-Step Guide, M. Anne O'Reilly
Urban Library Journal
Having difficult conversations is, well ... difficult, but Catherine B. Soehner and Ann Darling make it a bit easier in their book, Effective Difficult Conversations: A Step-by-Step Guide. This text by ALA Editions does not claim to be a self-help book; rather it aims to “bring something new to the discussion while focusing on having ‘difficult’ conversations in your professional life” (p. xii). The authors give examples of difficult conversations: those dealing with hiring and promotion, performance, tasks that need to be done, and tasks or behaviors that may need to stop. They define which types of difficult conversations …
Validation Theory And Culturally Relevant Curriculum In The Information Literacy Classroom, Torie L. Quiñonez, Antonia P. Olivas
Validation Theory And Culturally Relevant Curriculum In The Information Literacy Classroom, Torie L. Quiñonez, Antonia P. Olivas
Urban Library Journal
In four separate undergraduate information literacy classes where students predominantly identified as Latinx, two instruction library faculty revamped the standard information literacy curriculum to emphasize Latinx scholarship. They affirmed student life experience as authority in order to understand how validation theory affects the student scholar identity of first year Latinx college students from a large metropolitan area in the U.S.-Mexico border region. The two librarians who designed and team-taught these information literacy sessions are also both Latinx and come from urban borderlands backgrounds. Both identify as first-generation college students and one identifies as having a mixed status family background.
Reporting Of Sexual Assault And Abuse Of Males In The Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Community, Yevgeniy Pastukhov Semchenkov
Reporting Of Sexual Assault And Abuse Of Males In The Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Community, Yevgeniy Pastukhov Semchenkov
Student Theses
This study explores religious, societal, and intrafamilial factors that prevent Ultra-Orthodox Jewish male survivors of child sexual abuse from reporting the incidents. Five men were recruited and participated in in-depth interviews. The findings indicate that child sexual abuse in Ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities was and is underreported. The factors that were identified as influential on the reporting decisions included religious rules and regulations, lack or deficient sexual and legal education, and communal and intrafamilial efforts to silence a child and cover up the abuse. The results link the religious and educational background of male survivors of sexual abuse and their reporting …
Nato Enlargement And Us Grand Strategy: A Net Assessment, Rajan Menon, William Ruger
Nato Enlargement And Us Grand Strategy: A Net Assessment, Rajan Menon, William Ruger
Publications and Research
NATO did not dissolve following the Soviet Union’s collapse and the end of the Cold War. Instead, the alliance expanded, in stages—from 16 members at its Cold War peak to 30 in 2020. While NATO enlargement alone did not cause the deterioration of US–Russian relations, it did contribute significantly to that outcome. Champions of NATO expansion aver that it maintains peace in Europe and promotes democracy in East-Central Europe. They add that Russia has nothing to fear. But Russia’s leaders have always seen NATO expansion differently. The article also examines NATO’s enlargement as it relates to US post-Cold War grand …
Who Pays For Gun Violence? You Do., Edda S. Fransdottir, Jeffrey A. Butts
Who Pays For Gun Violence? You Do., Edda S. Fransdottir, Jeffrey A. Butts
Publications and Research
The total economic impact of gun violence is unknown. Studies focus on the direct and short-term expenses immediately following a shooting but often exclude the long-term and far-reaching effects of gun violence on the victim, their family, and their community. Available data vastly underestimate the full economic impact of firearm injuries in the United States, including the fact that taxpayers often get the bill.
Decision Tree For Predicting The Party Of Legislators, Afsana Mimi
Decision Tree For Predicting The Party Of Legislators, Afsana Mimi
Publications and Research
The motivation of the project is to identify the legislators who voted frequently against their party in terms of their roll call votes using Office of Clerk U.S. House of Representatives Data Sets collected in 2018 and 2019. We construct a model to predict the parties of legislators based on their votes. The method we used is Decision Tree from Data Mining. Python was used to collect raw data from internet, SAS was used to clean data, and all other calculations and graphical presentations are performed using the R software.
Redefining Gender & Gender Expression Through Self-Perceptions & Self-Reflections, Deborah O. Ade
Redefining Gender & Gender Expression Through Self-Perceptions & Self-Reflections, Deborah O. Ade
Publications and Research
As societies evolve policies are developed to recognize and formalize these changes. One current context for change is New York City and the concept that has undergone significant change is gender. Many individuals no longer identify with the traditional binary distinction of male or female. Subsequently, new gender categories have emerged (e.g., bi-gender, pan gender, androgynous). Indeed, a total of 31 gender categories have been recognized by the NYC Commission of Human Rights. The goal behind this acknowledgement is to encourage equitable treatment and respect of all individuals within the workplace. NYC businesses that do not accommodate individuals identifying with …
Do Bats Forage At Different Heights When In The Presence Of Other Species?, Benjamin L. Wagenberg
Do Bats Forage At Different Heights When In The Presence Of Other Species?, Benjamin L. Wagenberg
Theses and Dissertations
Acoustic monitoring was used to examine whether bats forage at different heights in the presence of other species. The data indicate that the presence of other species does affect the foraging height of bats. This data can be used to increase effectiveness of other identification methods using acoustic monitoring.