Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Dealing With Diversity: A Qualitative Evaluation Of The Program Mentor Migration Salam, Hildegard Wenzler-Cremer

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In the project “Mentor Migration SALAM -Spielen Austauschen Lernen Achtsam Miteinander (Playing-Sharing- Learning-Attentively-Together) students mentor a child from a migrant family for a period of 8 months. They spend about three hours of leisure time a week together. The students are assigned to only one child, so they can develop an interpersonal relationship to that child and its family. For the children the project helps to expand their horizons, gaining a wider knowledge of their surroundings, the urban neighborhood they live in, the city itself. The act of students and pupils coming together, offers in itself, lots of learning opportunities: …

East Vs. West – Developmentally Early Differences In Attention, Megumi Kuwabara, Linda B. Smith

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Growing evidence indicates a suite of generalized differences in the attentional and cognitive processes of adults from Eastern and Western cultures (Nisbett, 2003). Cognition in Eastern adults is characterized as more relational and in Western adults as more object focused (Nisbett & Miyamoto, 2005). This chapter will present evidence on the early emergence of these differences in preschoolers from Japan and the U.S. and will also present initial findings on transmission of these cultural differences being very early.

Developmental Aspects Of Self-Regulation In Germany And Chile: Links Among Maternal Warmth, Children’S Self-Regulation, And Social Competence, Mirjam Weis, Gisela Trommsdorff, Tobias Heikamp, Jesus Redondo, Lorena Muñoz

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The present study investigated relations among maternal warmth, children’s self-regulation (i.e., behavior and emotion regulation), and prosocial behavior. The assumed relations were studied in Germany and Chile, two socialization contexts differing in socio-economic and cultural factors. The sample consisted of 76 German and 167 Chilean fourth graders, their mothers, and teachers. Maternal warmth was rated by mothers with the Parenting Practice Questionnaire (PPQ). Children reported the use of emotion regulation strategies on the Questionnaire for the Measurement of Stress and Coping in Children and Adolescents (SSKJ 3-8). Mothers’ and teachers’ ratings on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used …

Culture, Emotional Expression And Parental Socialization Strategies Among Two-Year-Old Israeli Toddlers, Manal Khoury Karayanni, Jenny Kurman

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

One of the most important developments in childhood is the development of emotional expression and its regulation. The capacity for the deliberate modulation of one’s behavior and emotion develops mainly in the second year, and it is considered a key developmental milestone that markedly transforms the child’s ability to function in the social environment (Kochanska, Coy, & Murray, 2001; Maccoby, 2007). Social norms, established by culture, dictate how, where, when and to whom specific emotions are expressed (Garrett-Peters & Fox, 2007). These norms are specific rules taught in a specific culture and dictate which emotional expressions are socially desirable in …

Values And Migration Motives In Three Ethnic Groups In Indonesia, Ihsana Sabriani Borualogo, Fons J. R. Van De Vijver

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Indonesia has 1340 ethnic groups. This study focused on three large ethnic groups, which are Bataknese, Minangnese and Sundanese. There were 712 participants in this study, aged 20-23 years. There is a different orientation on migration (within Indonesia) in those three ethnic groups. Bataknese mainly migrate for study. Minangnese mainly migrate for work and trading. Sundanese do not have a strong orientation toward migration, although members migrate for study or work. The aim of this study is to understand the value system of these three ethnic groups as measured by Schwartz’s PVQ-40 in correlation to migration attitudes. Migration attitudes were …

Self- And Other-Oriented Motivations Associated With Emotional Suppression Of Internalized And Externalized Negative Emotions: A Multiethnic Self-Report Study In The Netherlands, Snežana Stupar-Rutenfrans, Fons J. R. Van De Vijver, Johnny R. J. Fontaine

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

We were interested in the motivations associated with emotional suppression, their relationship with negative emotions in self-reported emotional events, and their cross-cultural similarities and differences. Based on a framework of human values (Schwartz, 1994) and internalization-externalization (Krueger & Markon, 2006), we expected in the current study that self-reported motivations to suppress negative emotions are either self- or other-oriented. The sample consisted of 354 Dutch majority members, 319 immigrants from non-Western, and 368 from Western countries. The two-dimensional solution of self- and other-oriented motivations was confirmed. Non-Western immigrants scored higher on other-oriented motivation than Western immigrants, but no interethnic differences were …

The Effects Of Free Will Beliefs In Japan: Disbelief In Free Will Impairs Overriding Impulsive Decisions, Takumi Watanabe, Ryosuke Sakurai, Kaori Karasawa

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The present research aims at testing the effects of disbelief in free will on overriding impulsive decisions in Japan. Past research conducted in Western countries has found that induced disbelief in free will can weaken motivation of self-control. In the present research, the authors tested the generalizability of the findings in a study involving Japanese students. Results show that participants whose belief in free will was challenged reported less likelihood and desirability of overriding the impulsive decision. These findings suggest that some basic assumptions of the effects of disbelief in free will could be generalized across cultures.

Social Identity Complexity Theory: Attitudes Towards Diversity And Its Relationship With Nationalism, Religiosity, And Aggression, Dharshika Sabanathan, Jac Brown, Siraje Sekamanya, Michael Hough, Jeanna Sutton

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In this study we tested social identity complexity theory (Roccas & Brewer, 2002) in relation to attitudes towards diversity and the associated variables of nationalism, religiosity, and aggression in a cross-cultural study of 397 Malaysian and 240 Australian students. Australians reported higher positive attitudes towards diversity than Malaysians. Diversity was positively associated with nationalism, religiosity, and aggression in Malaysians. Traditional nationalism was negatively associated with diversity in Australians. These results support social identity complexity theory and partially support associated predictions for Australian, while contradicting predictions for Malaysians.

Predictors Of Support For Democratic Reform: Role Of Intergroup Friendship, Perception Of Discrimination And Identification, Büşra Tanrıverdi, Ayşe Radife Divleli, Elif Çelebi

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In Turkey, recent debate is whether to include the word “Kurd” in the constitution or to replace the word “Turk” with “Turkiyeli” (who holds Turkish citizenship). These changes symbolically challenge the close correspondence between Turkish ethnicity and nationality. Granting some rights to the Kurdish minority, including recognition of their ethno-political identity in the constitution, is critical for democratic reforms and sustainable reconciliation following the peace agreement in March 2013. The question is “How much of the Turkish population supports these constitutional changes?” Research has proposed that having relationship with out-group individuals positively influences an individual’s perceptions of others. Therefore, the …

The Interplay Between Traditional And Modern Values And Interpersonal Variables In Mental Disorders And Mental Health, Andreas Maercker

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Our research focuses on values and mental health, and possible mediating factors. Based on two value-related theories – Schwartz’s and Inglehart’s - we suggest a complex prediction model: It hypothesises that social support mediates the relationship between traditional values and mental health, whereas the relationship between modern values and mental health is mediated by resilience. We tested our model with three large student samples from China, Russia, and Germany. By and large, our hypotheses were confirmed: Particularly traditional values were relevant for mental health by predicting social support and thence mental health. With regard to modern values, the value of …

Acculturation Strategies Of Young Immigrants Living In Belgium: The View Of Young Belgian Nationals, Stephanie Barros Coimbra, Isabelle Albert, Dieter Ferring, Assaad Azzi

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In contemporary society, migration has become a key topic. According to Berry (1997), individuals might display different attitudes and behaviors in the process of acculturation, defined as cultural and psychological changes resulting from the direct contact among members of multiple cultures. Whereas most research has concentrated on the acculturation strategies of immigrants, the aim of this study is to focus on the preferences of members of the receiving society. In particular, we analyze which strategy young Belgians consider the most suitable for immigrants to adopt, using a sample of Belgian students between the ages of 18 and 29 years living …

Intergenerational Family Relations In Luxembourg: Adult Children And Their Ageing Parents In Migrant And Non-Migrant Families, Isabelle Albert, Dieter Ferring, Dieter Ferring

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Whereas most studies in the context of acculturation research have focused so far on family relations between first generation parents and their second generation children in adolescence, the present study draws its attention on immigrant families at later stages in the family life cycle. This study is part of the FNR-funded project on “Intergenerational Relations in the Light of Migration and Ageing – IRMA” in which a cross-cultural comparison of altogether N = 120 Portuguese and Luxembourgish triads of older parents and their adult children, both living in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, is envisaged. The aims of this project are, …

The Nationality Of Theories, Geert Hofstede, Mark F. Peterson

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Keynote dialogue for 22nd IACCP World Congress, Reims, July 16, 2014

Unity, Diversity And Culture, Christine Roland-Lévy, Patrick Denoux, Benjamin Voyer, Pawel Boski, William Gabrenya, Ann Kristin Rhode, Jérémy Lemoine

IACCP Proceedings of the Biennial International Conferences

A peer-reviewed book based on presentations at the XXII Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2014, Reims, France.

(c) 2016, International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (ebook)

Acculturation Orientations Towards ‘Valued’ And ‘Devalued’ Immigrants In South Korea, Pascal Tisserant, Anne-Lorraine Wagner, Jaegon Jung, Richard Y. Bourhis

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

This study, based on the Interactive Acculturation Model, investigates the acculturation orientations of undergraduates (n=279) in South Korea. Results show that Korean respondents considered South-East Asian immigrants to be less valued than Western immigrants. They were more welcoming towards ‘valued’ Western immigrants than they were towards ‘devalued’ South-East Asian immigrants. As in the case of undergraduates in North America & Europe, Korean undergraduates mainly endorsed integration and individualism towards both Western and South-East Asian immigrants, but they also strongly endorsed the segregationist orientations towards both ‘valued’ and ‘devalued’ immigrants reflecting the still contentious view of Korea as an immigration country.

Representing Human Cultural And Biological Diversity In Neuropsychiatry: Why And How, Daina Crafa, Saskia K. Nagel

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Over the past decade, findings from cultural neuroscience have demonstrated that functional neural processes vary significantly across populations. These findings add a new dimension to the well-established literature describing cultural differences in human behavior. Although these findings are informative for understanding complex relationships between social and neurobiological processes, they also have significant implications for psychiatric research. Neuropsychiatry already co-considers the relationship between brain and social world; however, its research findings notoriously underrepresent diverse cultural, ethnic, and gender groups. Considering that psychiatric patients across cultures exhibit different behavioral presentations and symptom distributions, they may exhibit equally different functional neural processes as …

On The Road To Half A Century Of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Foundations, Current Status, And Forecasts, Walt J. Lonner

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The modern movement of cross-cultural psychology began in the mid-1960s. Shortly after those earlier activities, two conferences were building blocks in helping to develop and institutionalize the field. The first was a NATO-sponsored conference held in Istanbul in 1971. Organized by Lee J. Cronbach and Pieter J. D. Drenth, it resulted in a book that they edited, Mental tests and cultural adaptation (Mouton Press, 1972). The second was the inaugural IACCP conference held in Hong Kong in 1972. It was organized by John Dawson and resulted in the first IACCP proceedings volume, Readings in cross-cultural psychology (Dawson and Lonner, published …

Subjective Well-Being From The Perspective Of Self-Compassion In Adolescents, Annisa Reginasart, Uly Gusniarti

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The aims of this study was to determine the relationship between self-compassion and subjective well-being in adolescents. The proposed hypothesis is that higher self-compassion correlates with higher subjective well-being. Boy and girl adolescent students (ages14 to 20 years old) were the subject of research as students. Data are collected using the scale on terms of the scale -compassion theory suggested by Neff (2012) and subjective well-being adapted from Diener (1984). Data were analyzed with the using Pearson Product-Moment analysis. Results showed that self-compassion is positively correlated with subjective well-being with the value of (r =0.487; p = 0.000 [ …

A Cross-Cultural Study Of Psychological Well-Being Among British And Malaysian Fire Fighters, Mohd. Dahlan Hj. A. Malek, Ida Shafinaz Mohd

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Psychological consideration has always been a part of society and it usually relates to values, beliefs, ethnicity and gender. This is the essence of cultural psychology. In recent times, this branch of psychology has developed the new arm of Cross-Cultural Psychology, an extension of psychology covering the influence on behaviour when cultural groups interact. This study is a comparative study of two cultural groups, namely Malaysian and British fire fighters. Sources of occupational stress and their impact on psychological wellbeing were examined in a questionnaire survey of 1053 British and Malaysian fire fighters. The role of coping strategies as moderating …

A Comparative Study Of Jajonshim And Self-Esteem, Shinhwa Suh, Min Han, Joane Adeclas

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The Korean dictionary of psychology terms includes the word jajonshim, which means “self-esteem.” However, the meaning of jajonshim as Koreans use it is different from the meaning of self-esteem. Thus, we perform two studies to clarify the concept of jajonshim and to demonstrate how it differs from self-esteem. The purpose of Study 1 is to determine the socio-cultural meanings of jajonshim by examining its shared social representation in Korean culture. We ask open-ended questions and conduct a literature review related to jajonshim. The results of the text analysis show that Koreans perceive jajonshim as something that a person …

Locating The Self In Autobiographical Memories: A New Approach To Analysis, Radka Antalíková, Manuel L. De La Mata, AndréS SantamaríA, Mercedes Cubero, Samuel Arias, Tia G. B. Hansen

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Systematic cross-cultural variation in autobiographical memory has been reported in numerous previous research. Variations have often been interpreted as mirroring differences in culturally diverging self-conceptions, implying that content characteristics of autobiographical memories can be used as indirect measures of self. However, a majority of these characteristics rest on the traditional independence vs. interdependence dimension, and might only be suitable for typically Western and Eastern populations. Other content characteristics could be more instrumental for “locating” the self in autobiographical memories, such as the incidence of actions, mental states and reflections. We therefore propose a new approach to content analysis of autobiographical …

An Analytical Study Of Imphal Adolescents Guidance Needs Across Education Streams, Laitonjam Valentina, Ritu Singh

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The present study was an attempt to analyze the adolescent guidance needs in one of the most trouble-torn city of Imphal, India and to identify if they vary according to their education streams. Out of the 60 schools situated in Imphal district, Manipur, India, 30 schools were randomly drawn for the study. Further, from these list, 25% of the total adolescents studying in XI standard were randomly selected for the present study making a total of 651 respondents. The sample comprised 66.51% respondents from Science stream and 33.49% from Arts stream. A self-structured questionnaire was used to study the socio-demographic …

Parenting Stress In Immigrant Families Of Children With An Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparison With Families From The Host Culture, M Millau, M Rivard, C Mercier, C Mello

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Immigrant families of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) face significant challenges in accessing and using rehabilitation services appropriate for their child’s disorder. Compared to families native to their host country, the stress experienced by these families in relation to their child’s condition may be magnified by their immigrant status. This study compared self-reported parenting stress levels among 24 mothers and 17 fathers who had immigrated to Canada to income-matched, Canadian-born parents. Overall, Canadian-born parents tended to report higher stress levels than immigrant parents, but this may be primarily due to the high stress levels among Canadian-born fathers relative to …

Cultural Perspectives On Ingroups Versus Outgroups And Shame Experiences, Bai Lin, Bee Chin Ng

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The concept of self varies across cultures: in some cultures, individuals tend to see themselves as interdependent on others, and clear distinction is made between in-groups and out-groups because in-group members are seen as part of the “BIG SELF”. In other cultures individuals see themselves as independent and autonomous and have a less salient boundary between in-groups and out-groups. Little empirical work has been done on how such different cultural perspectives on in-groups, versus out-groups, shape emotional experiences. Although emotions are always internally experienced, these experiences often involve interpersonal and social interactions, and therefore how we think of ourselves in …

A Similarity Graph-Based Approach To Study Social Representations Of The Economic Crisis: A Comparison Between Italian And Greek Social Groups, Roberto Fasanelli, Anna Liguori, Ida Galli

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In order to analyse the common sense theories about the economic thinking and acting, this research has been conducted with the theoretical framework of the Social Representation Theory. By interviewing Italian and Greek participants belonging to different social groups, we examined how expert and lay people face this phenomenon. Inspired by the Structural Approach, which considers SRs as constituted of two parts (a structure and a content), data were collected through specific strategies and were created ad hoc: hierarchized evocations, characterization and multiple choice questionnaires. Four groups of participants (N=120 for each country; n=30 for each group; gender balanced) …

Revised Sources Of Guidance Measures: Six Events And Demographic Controls, Mark F. Peterson, Taís S. Barreto, Peter B. Smith

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In this paper, we update the country-level scores of sources of guidance reported in Peterson and Smith (2008) across 61 countries and based on 7,982 respondents. These scores represent aggregate tendencies of the use of specific sources of guidance in a country and provide an alternative to value-based cultural measures. Based on role and cognition theories, sources include how roles, rules and norms influence decision making in six frequent organizational events that managers encounter. Scores are controlled for demographic effects of respondents’ age and gender, as well as for organizational characteristics, namely ownership, department and organizational types. We also provide …

Why Employee Turnover? The Influence Of Chinese Management And Organizational Justice, Feng-Hsia Kao, Min-Ping Huang, Bor-Shiuan Cheng

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Employee turnover is an important topic in organizational behavior research. Understanding how to address turnover in Chinese organizations is also a practice problem. The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of paternalistic leadership (authoritarianism, benevolence, and morality) on employee turnover and examine the moderating effect of organizational justice (distributive justice, interactional justice, and procedural justice). Data were collected from 207 supervisor and subordinate dyads of 51 stores in a Chinese food and beverage company. Paternalistic leadership and organizational justice were initially collected from subordinates. After six months, employee turnover was collected from supervisors. The results indicate that …

A Critical Analysis Of Acculturation, Sociocultural Pressures, Body Image, And Disordered Eating Among Asian Immigrants In Australia, Canada, And The United States, Lexa Watroba, Jayne Eckley, Arlette Ngoubene.Atioky

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Asian immigrants are an emerging ethnic minority in the United States, Australia, and Canada. Previous literature has examined how immigration to Western countries and the sociocultural pressures associated with a new host country, particularly the United States, impacts Asian immigrants’ body image and dietary regimen. However, there has been less of a focus on the level of acculturation of Asian immigrants in Canada and Australia and its relationship with body image dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and sociocultural pressures. The paucity of cross-cultural analysis and the inconclusive knowledge of how acculturation and sociocultural pressures may serve as predictors of poor body image …

How Does Income Inequality Get Under The Skin? The Mediating Role Of Perceived Age Discrimination In The Inequality- Health Nexus For Older And Younger People, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Sibila Marques, Maria Luísa Lima, Dominic Abrams, Hannah Swift, Christopher Bratt

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The relative income hypothesis predicts poorer health in societies with greater income inequality, yet the psychological mechanisms that explain this association are not clear to date. This study tests the hypothesis that perceived age discrimination acts as a mediator in the inequality-health nexus for people who categorize themselves as old. It is expected that the detrimental mediating effect of perceived age discrimination does not occur for those who categorize themselves as young, since their low status is only temporary until they move to the higher status middle-aged group. A cross-sectional multilevel analysis of the 2008/09 European Social Survey (ESS, Round …

Culture Display Rules Of Smiling And Personal Well-Being: Mutually Reinforcing Or Compensatory Phenomena? Polish - Canadian Comparisons, Daniela Hekiert, Saba Safdar, Pawel Boski, Kuba Krys, J Rees Lewis

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Cultures vary in terms of emotional display rules, which include the expression of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. In Poland there is a norm of negativity, deriving from a culture of complaining (Wojciszke & Baryła, 2005), whereas in Canada, there is a tendency to express happiness (Safdar, Friedlmeier, Matsumoto, Yoo, Kwantes, Kakai, & Shigemasu, E., 2009). In the present research project, norms and values regarding smiling in public situations, norms regarding the affirmation of life and complaining, as well as individual measures of optimism (LOT-R) and well-being (SWLS) were measured among Poles and Canadians. The results showed that the cultural display rules …