Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Crop Insurance Conference Presentation.Pdf, Matthew Elliott

Matthew Elliott

No abstract provided.

Raising Consciousness About Chicken Consciousness, Bernard Rollin

Bernard Rollin, PhD

The topics explored by Marino are definitive, and should work well to lay to rest forever the widespread belief that chickens have no personality, are unintelligent, or in any other way lack a mental life.

Far More To Sheep Than Meets The Casual Eye, Bernard Rollin

Bernard Rollin, PhD

Marino & Merskin’s survey of the cognitive and social capacities of sheep is an eye-opener about the individuality and emotionality of this most maligned of all farm animals. My own eyes had already been opened by an adopted orphaned lamb, so much more like a dog as a companion animal than the mindless robot I had been conditioned to expect. I am morally certain that Marino & Merskin’s survey will have a similar effect on readers open to changing their minds.

Raising The Moral Consciousness Of Science, Bernard Rollin

Bernard Rollin, PhD

Precaution on behalf of sentient animals should not be tempered by the questionable principle of the amorality of science.

Unity Of Consciousness In Animals, Bernard E. Rollin

Bernard Rollin, PhD

Both Descartes the rationalist and Hume the empiricist, polar opposites philosophically, denied the unity and continuity of animal mind. Kant pointed out that the presence of retrievable memories entails unity of consciousness. Rowlands now argues that animals too have unity of consciousness.

Human Superiority?, Bernard Rollin

Bernard Rollin, PhD

Like Charles Darwin and George Romanes, I am quite willing to use anecdotal information as a source of knowledge about animal behavior. There are many more people observing nonhuman animals than there are people conducting controlled experiments, and we can thereby learn that behaviors we think are unique to humans are shared by other animals. From a strictly biological point of view, it makes no sense to speak of “human superiority.” One species of animal can be superior to another only in terms of survival and niche occupation. As moral concern for animals increases across the world, claims of human …

The Effect Of State Funeral Regulations On Cremation Rates: Testing For Demand Inducement In Funeral Markets, Kathryn Krynski, David E. Harrington

David E. Harrington

This article presents evidence that state funeral regulations affect the choice of whether to cremate or bury dead bodies. States that require either funeral directors to be embalmers or funeral homes to have embalming preparation rooms have lower cremation rates, holding other factors such as income, age, educational attainment, nativity, religious adherence, race, and region constant. These embalming regulations reduce cremation rates by roughly 16 percent, which increases the amount spent on funerals by 2.6 percent. The article also presents evidence that funeral directors induce consumers to choose burial over cremation, which supports one of the fundamental premises underlying the …

Differential Activation Of Frontoparietal Attention Networks By Social And Symbolic Spatial Cues, Andrew D. Engell, Lauri Nummenmaa, Nikolaas N. Oosterhof, Richard N. Henson, James V. Haxby, Andrew J. Calder

Andrew D. Engell

Perception of both gaze-direction and symbolic directional cues (e.g. arrows) orient an observer’s attention toward the indicated location. It is unclear, however, whether these similar behavioral effects are examples of the same attentional phenomenon and, therefore, subserved by the same neural substrate. It has been proposed that gaze, given its evolutionary significance, constitutes a ‘special’ category of spatial cue. As such, it is predicted that the neural systems supporting spatial reorienting will be different for gaze than for non-biological symbols. We tested this prediction using functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure the brain’s response during target localization in which laterally …

Socializing More Linked With Better Aging Attitudes, Kezhia Barba, Lluvia Garnica, Carla M. Strickland-Hughes

Carla Strickland-Hughes

No abstract provided.

Intergenerational Intervention To Combat Age-Based Stereotype Threat And Promote Self-Regulation, Carla M. Strickland-Hughes, Mercedes Ball

Carla Strickland-Hughes

No abstract provided.

Personal Control Beliefs And Memory In Aging: Mediation By Health And Lifestyle, Mercedes Ball, Carla M. Strickland-Hughes

Carla Strickland-Hughes

No abstract provided.

Self-Regulation In Memory Strategy Training For Middle-Aged And Older Adults, Carla M. Strickland-Hughes, Robin Lea West

Carla Strickland-Hughes

No abstract provided.

Self-Assessment Exam Short Answer, Carla M. Strickland-Hughes

Carla Strickland-Hughes

No abstract provided.

Maximizing The Impact Of Cognitive Interventions Via Learning And Socio-Motivational Factors, Carla M. Strickland-Hughes, Rachel Wu

Carla Strickland-Hughes

Targeting learning and socio-motivational factors can enhance the practical impact of interventions. Katz will review studies that examine the role of motivational processes in cognitive interventions and discuss how this work might inform improvements to both cognitive training and experiments designed to investigate their efficacy. Strickland-Hughes will explore the interplay of self-regulatory factors, such as self-evaluative beliefs, and stereotypes in memory strategy training for middle-aged and older adults. Wu will discuss results from a 15-week intervention with older adults engaging in frequent, varied learning of new difficult skills and the potential to strengthen cognitive skills and promote functional independence.

Are You Threatening Me? Responses To Age-Based Stereotype Threat, Sebastian Getman, Carla M. Strickland-Hughes

Carla Strickland-Hughes

No abstract provided.

Focus On Large-Class Learning, Not Grading, Carla M. Strickland-Hughes

Carla Strickland-Hughes

No abstract provided.

Aging, Self-Regulation, And Cognitive Success, Carla M. Strickland-Hughes

Carla Strickland-Hughes

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Health-Promoting Signs Encouraging Stair Use In Parking Structures, Fiona T. Tang, Vincent Berardi, Benjamin D. Rosenberg

Benjamin Rosenberg

This research study aims to promote physical activity by encouraging stair use rather than elevators using persuasive point-of-choice prompts. The current investigation is comprised of two sub-studies: pilot testing, which we have completed; and the main study, which will be conducted in the fall. While most studies in this area use observation to count pedestrian traffic, a novel component of the current research is that we will use a pressure mat to measure stair and elevator use. As such, before completing the main study, we completed two pilot studies to test the feasibility of the mat technology and the messaging …

Goal Disruption Theory, Military Personnel, And The Creation Of Merged Profiles: A Mixed Method Investigation, Benjamin Rosenberg, Joshua A. Lewandowski, Jason T. Siegel

Benjamin Rosenberg

The present study provides an example of the integrated data analysis technique of creating and interpreting merged profiles. By using this approach to merging data sources, we gained unique insight into goal disruption theory (GDT). Qualitative data suggest that military personnel harbor a wide range of desired end-states. Quantitative data support a component of GDT, suggesting that participants who have a strong need for desired end-state displayed greater purposive harm endurance. Interpretation of merged profiles revealed caveats to this relationship, in particular that not all end-states are equally motivating. Results illustrate the benefits of the integrated data analysis technique of …

A 50-Year Review Of Psychological Reactance Theory: Do Not Read This Article, Benjamin Rosenberg, Jason T. Siegel

Benjamin Rosenberg

Psychological reactance theory (PRT; Brehm, 1966) posits that when something threatens or eliminates people’s freedom of behavior, they experience psychological reactance, a motivational state that drives freedom restoration. Complementing recent, discipline-specific reviews (e.g., Quick, Shen, & Dillard, 2013; Steindl, Jonas, Sittenthaler, Traut-Mattausch, & Greenberg, 2015), the current analysis integrates PRT research across fields in which it has flourished: social psychology and clinical psychology, as well as communication research. Moreover, the current review offers a rare synthesis of existing reactance measures. We outline five overlapping waves in the PRT literature: Wave 1: Theory proposal and testing, Wave 2: Contributions from clinical …

The Effect Of Inconsistency Appeals On The Influence Of Direct-To-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertisements: An Application Of Goal Disruption Theory, Benjamin D. Rosenberg, Jason T. Siegel

Benjamin Rosenberg

Scholars across multiple domains have identified the presence of inconsistency-arousing information in direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertisements, and have suggested that these appeals, which highlight differences between people’s actual and desired lives, may create psychological disequilibrium. However, experimental assessment of the distinct influence of inconsistency-arousing information in this domain is rare. Guided by goal disruption theory (GDT)—a framework that outlines people’s reactions to goal expectation violations—we created DTC advertisements designed to make people’s life inconsistencies salient. The influence of these ads on people’s perceptions of, and intentions to use, prescription drugs was then assessed. Results from an SEM analysis support …

Animals & Ethics 101: Thinking Critically About Animal Rights, Nathan Nobis

Nathan M. Nobis, PhD

This book provides an overview of the current debates about the nature and extent of our moral obligations to animals. Which, if any, uses of animals are morally wrong, which are morally permissible (i.e., not wrong) and why? What, if any, moral obligations do we, individually and as a society (and a global community), have towards animals and why? How should animals be treated? Why? We will explore the most influential and most developed answers to these questions – given by philosophers, scientists, and animal advocates and their critics – to try to determine which positions are supported by the …

Civil Society Engagement In Free Trade Negotiations: Cafta Opposition Movements In El Salvador, Rose J. Spalding

Rose J. Spalding

This article analyzes civil society participation in the free trade debate by focusing on networks that opposed the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) in El Salvador. Drawing on documents, observations, and semi-structured interviews with civil society leaders, two kinds of opposition coalitions are identified. “Critic negotiators,” emphasizing active engagement and policy research, used the limited participation space opened by authorities to push for reform. “Transgressive resisters,” repudiating the formal consultation process, deployed confrontational tactics and posed more fundamental challenges. This work uses social movement theory to explore coalition resource mobilization, the role of movement entrepreneurs, strategic decision-making, mechanisms linking …

Libraries Curating Evidence, Pru Mitchell

Pru Mitchell

Under New System, Bridges Build You, Steven Toaddy, Joseph A. Allen

Steven Toaddy

Let’s take a page from the lessons that public-speaking classes convey, viz. “tell them what you’re going to tell them, tell them, and then tell them what you’ve told them.” Thus:

• In response to calls from SIOP’s past leadership, the Bridge Builders group—one designed to spread awareness and understanding of I-O psychology to many different audiences—was developed and counts among its members many of us from SIOP. President Steve Kozlowski’s vision for the organization in the coming years dovetails well with the objectives of Bridge Builders.
• Bridge Builders have been doing some really cool things recently; these were …

Toward Christian-Identity Response Theory : Exploring Identity, Spirituality, And Response To Adversity Among African American Males Placed At Risk, Charity Hannah Garcia

Charity Garcia

Problem: A lack of research integrating spiritual development as a central component of human development does not reflect an understanding of the whole person across multiple contexts throughout the life span. Such a limited-capacity view of African American males disproportionately disadvantaged, both historically and currently, has been detrimental. A theoretical model for how a relational journey with Christ may offer insights that lead to transformative practice in various educational settings.

Method: Constructivist grounded theory was utilized throughout this research process. Thirty-four African American males in three age groups (13-17; 18-25; 26+) who were placed at risk during adolescence and connected …

The Value Of International Experiences For Business Students: Measuring Business Student Attitudes Toward Study Abroad, Sean Heffron, Peter A. Maresco

Sean Heffron

The value of an international experience—especially for students of business—continues to be an area of focus at colleges and universities. Students across all disciplines within the business curriculum: accounting, economics, finance, management, marketing, or sport management are expected by employers to possess knowledge of, and appreciation for, other cultures. Using as a backdrop two unique study abroad programs that immerse students into an intercultural business experience and have them interacting with—and learning from—the local residents as well, the survey research in this study measures student attitudes before and after they study abroad and it notes the changes that students report …

Analysis Of Two Human Skeletons From Smith's Fort, Bermuda, Michael L. Blakey, Autumn Barrett

Michael Blakey

No abstract provided.

Thinking Chickens: A Review Of Cognition, Emotion, And Behavior In The Domestic Chicken, Lori Marino

Lori Marino, PhD

Domestic chickens are members of an order, Aves, which has been the focus of a revolution in our understanding of neuroanatomical, cognitive, and social complexity. At least some birds are now known to be on par with many mammals in terms of their level of intelligence, emotional sophistication, and social interaction. Yet, views of chickens have largely remained unrevised by this new evidence. In this paper, I examine the peer-reviewed scientific data on the leading edge of cognition, emotions, personality, and sociality in chickens, exploring such areas as self-awareness, cognitive bias, social learning and self-control, and comparing their abilities in …

The Local Food Movement: Relationships Among Animals, Farmers, And Customers On A Family-Owned Meat Producing Pennsylvania Farm, Hannah S. Rosen

Hannah Rosen

The present research is an ethnography for the purpose of anthropological exploration into the motivations of consumers who buy locally produced meat, through the experiences of the customers and farmers on a local farm in central Pennsylvania. This paper questions why people participate in the local food movement through analyses of the customers and farmers of Begonia Farms. Through field research and interviews, varying potential motivations were explored. First, the ways in which alienation drives consumers to the local food movement. This alienation includes disconnect between consumers and producers, consumers and the animals they eat, consumers and food preparation, and …