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Articles 37891 - 37920 of 38987

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Psychological Factors In The Etiology Of Binge Eating, Ruth H. Striegel-Moore Dec 1994

Psychological Factors In The Etiology Of Binge Eating, Ruth H. Striegel-Moore

Ruth Striegel Weissman

Numerous psychological factors have been hypothesized to play a role in the etiology of binge eating. This chapter proposes that female gender-role socialization puts girls at risk for the development of binge eating. Moreover, it is proposed that an understanding of risk requires an exploration of the developmental tasks of female adolscence. As research of the etiology of binge eating in particular and eating disorders in general begins to move away from testing single-factor causal models and toward testing complex, multifactorial models of causation, research needs to examine the psychological factors discussed in this chapter.


The Relationship Between Weight And Psychological Functioning Among Adolescent Girls, Michael A. Friedman, Denise E. Wilfley, Kathleen M. Pike, Ruth H. Striegel-Moore, Judith Rodin Dec 1994

The Relationship Between Weight And Psychological Functioning Among Adolescent Girls, Michael A. Friedman, Denise E. Wilfley, Kathleen M. Pike, Ruth H. Striegel-Moore, Judith Rodin

Ruth Striegel Weissman

This study investigated whether Body Mass Index (BMI) was associated with various aspects of psychological functioning in a sample of largely Caucasian adolescent girls. Three hundred sixty-five adolescent girls ranging from ages 14 through 19 were assessed for general psychological functioning utilizing the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and functioning specific to eating, shape and weight utilizing the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI). Excess weight was associated with higher scores on the Bulimia, Body Dissatisfaction and Drive for Thinness subscales of the EDI. Excess weight was not, however, associated with general psychopathology or any of the subscales of the SCL-90-R. The results suggest …


Restrictiong Taxation: The Impact Of Proposition 13 On California Tax And Expenditure Trends, Robert L. Sexton, Gary M. Galles Dec 1994

Restrictiong Taxation: The Impact Of Proposition 13 On California Tax And Expenditure Trends, Robert L. Sexton, Gary M. Galles

Robert L Sexton

No abstract provided.


The Odyssey Of The Democratic Right In Post-Franco Spain, Richard M. Skinner Dec 1994

The Odyssey Of The Democratic Right In Post-Franco Spain, Richard M. Skinner

Richard M. Skinner

Unlike their counterparts in most other Western countries, Spanish conservatives have found little success in recent years. Since Spain returned to democracy in 1977, rightist political parties have not won a majority in the Cortes in any election. Instead, the reins of power have been held by, first, the moderate Union de Centro Democratico (UCD), and later by the left-of-center Partido Socialista Obrero Espanol (PSOE). The Right has been hurt by its perceived links to the Franco regime, by its controversial longtime leader, Manuel Fraga Iribarne, and by the PSOE's increasing centrism.


Union Myopia And The Taxation Of Capital, Dwight Lee, Robert L. Sexton, Philip E. Graves Dec 1994

Union Myopia And The Taxation Of Capital, Dwight Lee, Robert L. Sexton, Philip E. Graves

Robert L Sexton

After an extensive discussion of the nature of the interactions among unions, corporations, and government, we find that government in granting privileges to workers organized into unions implicitly taxes capital formation. The result has been to lessen the attention business decisions pay to the future, to substitute excessive wages for appropriate capital investment, and to reduce the competitive vitality of major U.S. industries.


Restricting Taxation: The Impact Of Proposition 13 On California Tax And Expenditure Trends, Robert L. Sexton, Gary M. Galles, James E. Long Dec 1994

Restricting Taxation: The Impact Of Proposition 13 On California Tax And Expenditure Trends, Robert L. Sexton, Gary M. Galles, James E. Long

Robert L Sexton

Abstract: This paper examines trends in California taxes and expenditures at the state and local level. In particular, it considers whether Proposition 13, which has been blamed by politicians and the press for virtually every ensuing fiscal problem facing state and local governments in California, deserves such criticism, or whether the roots of those problems lie elsewhere.


Union Myopia And The Taxation Of Capital, Dwight Lee, Robert L. Sexton, Philip E. Graves Dec 1994

Union Myopia And The Taxation Of Capital, Dwight Lee, Robert L. Sexton, Philip E. Graves

Robert L Sexton

After an extensive discussion of the nature of the interactions among unions, corporations, and government, we find that government in granting privileges to workers organized into unions implicitly taxes capital formation. The result has been to lessen the attention business decisions pay to the future, to substitute excessive wages for appropriate capital investment, and to reduce the competitive vitality of major U.S. industries.


Children's Searching Behavior On Browsing And Keyword Online Catalogs: The Science Library Catalog Project, Christine L. Borgman, Sandra G. Hirsh, Andrea L. Gallagher, Virginia A. Walter Dec 1994

Children's Searching Behavior On Browsing And Keyword Online Catalogs: The Science Library Catalog Project, Christine L. Borgman, Sandra G. Hirsh, Andrea L. Gallagher, Virginia A. Walter

Christine L. Borgman

As we seek both to improve public school education in high technology areas and to link libraries and classrooms on the “information superhighway,” we need to understand more about children’s information searching abilities. We present results of four experiments conducted on four versions of the Science Library Catalog (SLC), a Dewey decimal-based hierarchical browsing system implemented in HyperCard without a keyboard. The experiments were conducted over a 3-year period at three sites, with four databases, and with comparisons to two different keyword online catalogs. Subjects were ethnically and culturally diverse children aged 9 through 12; with 32 to 34 children …


Audience Reaction To Commercial Advertising In China In The 1980s, Xinshu Zhao, Fuyuan Shen Dec 1994

Audience Reaction To Commercial Advertising In China In The 1980s, Xinshu Zhao, Fuyuan Shen

Professor Xinshu ZHAO

This article reports findings from two surveys conducted in 1987: the first involved over 25,000 television viewers throughout China and the second interviewed more than 1,100 urban residents of Beijing. The surveys measured audience attitudes and behaviour regarding commercial advertising. This is the first time such information based on probability sampling in China has become available to western readers.

The results replicated one of the findings of an earlier study, which was based on a small-scale convenience sample, that Chinese consumers supported the return of advertising. But the support was less enthusiastic than previously thought; public opinion regarding commercial advertising …


Feminist Organizing In Serbia, 1990-1994, Donna M. Hughes Dr., Lepa Mladjenovic Dec 1994

Feminist Organizing In Serbia, 1990-1994, Donna M. Hughes Dr., Lepa Mladjenovic

Donna M. Hughes

No abstract provided.


Feminist Resistance In Serbia, Donna M. Hughes Dr., Lepa Mladjenovic, Zorica Mrsevic Dec 1994

Feminist Resistance In Serbia, Donna M. Hughes Dr., Lepa Mladjenovic, Zorica Mrsevic

Donna M. Hughes

In the last four years the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has broken apart. Driven by nationalism, the wars in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia have killed an estimated 300,000 people, wounded another 1,500,00 and forced 4,500,000 people to become refugees. While the world see daily reports of Serbian aggression and nationalist extremism, feminists in Serbia have been protesting all acts of aggression, included that advocated by their own government and supporting the victims of violence.


Volatility, Douglas G. Steigerwald, Stephen Leroy Dec 1994

Volatility, Douglas G. Steigerwald, Stephen Leroy

Douglas G. Steigerwald

How should one determine if capital markets are efficient? We examine the statistical foundations of tests of efficiency.


Review Of Deborah Tannen (Ed.) Framing In Discourse, Barbara Johnstone Dec 1994

Review Of Deborah Tannen (Ed.) Framing In Discourse, Barbara Johnstone

Barbara Johnstone

No abstract provided.


The Hypocrisy Of Completeness: Toni Morrison And The Conception Of The Other, Cameron Mccarthy, S. David, K. E. Supriya, C. Wilson-Brown, A. Rodriguez, Heriberto Godina Phd Dec 1994

The Hypocrisy Of Completeness: Toni Morrison And The Conception Of The Other, Cameron Mccarthy, S. David, K. E. Supriya, C. Wilson-Brown, A. Rodriguez, Heriberto Godina Phd

Heriberto Godina PhD

No abstract provided.


La Ciudad En Femenino, Fernando Carrión Mena Dec 1994

La Ciudad En Femenino, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Sin duda que la ausencia de estudios en algunos temas urbanos es recurrente en nuestro país entre ellos se distingue justamente el de la vinculación entre mujer y ciudad (Lilia Rodríguez). De allí que él estudio «Mujeres del Barrio», no solo que es e1 pionero porque llena un vacío altamente sentido, -sino qué también tiene la virtud de desvelar las restricciones de una concepción solo pública de la ciudadanía (Ernst; 1995), a la par de hacer visible un mundo que se niega sistemáticamente.


Grupos De Interesse E Ação Coletiva: Uma Crítica Formal A Mancur Olson, Eduardo Meira Zauli Dr. Dec 1994

Grupos De Interesse E Ação Coletiva: Uma Crítica Formal A Mancur Olson, Eduardo Meira Zauli Dr.

Eduardo Meira Zauli

No abstract provided.


Assessing Sequential Oncogene Amplification In Human Breast Cancer, Laura E. Janocko, Joseph F. Lucke, David W. Groft, Kathryn A. Brown, Charles A. Smith, Agnese A. Pollice, Sarita G. Singh, Robert Yakulis, Robert J. Hartsock, Stanley E. Shackney Dec 1994

Assessing Sequential Oncogene Amplification In Human Breast Cancer, Laura E. Janocko, Joseph F. Lucke, David W. Groft, Kathryn A. Brown, Charles A. Smith, Agnese A. Pollice, Sarita G. Singh, Robert Yakulis, Robert J. Hartsock, Stanley E. Shackney

Charles Kay Smith

Studies of amplification and/or overexpression of c-myc, HER-2/neu, and H-ras in breast cancer have shown that each is associated with a poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility that there is a preferred sequence of amplification of these oncogenes in breast cancer. The frequencies of amplification and patterns of co-amplification of c-myc, HER-2/neu, and H-ras were studied in a group of 84 breast cancers. The data suggested a preferred sequence of amplification that consisted of c-myc amplification-HER-2/neu amplification-H-ras amplification. This model was supported by loglinear analysis. In addition, the levels of amplification of JC-A, a …


Significant Differences: The Construction Of Knowledge, Objectivity, And Dominance, Donna M. Hughes Dr. Dec 1994

Significant Differences: The Construction Of Knowledge, Objectivity, And Dominance, Donna M. Hughes Dr.

Donna M. Hughes

The scientific method is a tool for the construction and justification of dominance in the world. The invention of statistics was a major methodological advance in the descriptive sciences causing a shift from descriptive analysis to mathematical analysis. The new methodological techniques were invented by men who were interested in explaining the inheritance of traits in order to support their political ideology of natural human superiority and inferiority. The statistical techniques transformed the scientific method and resulted in a process that constructs knowledge and establishes "significant differences" between the dominant group as the norm and the subordinate group as the …


Mammy, Sapphire, And Jezebel: Historical Images Of Black Women And Their Implications For Psychotherapy, Carolyn M. West Dec 1994

Mammy, Sapphire, And Jezebel: Historical Images Of Black Women And Their Implications For Psychotherapy, Carolyn M. West

Carolyn M. West

The purpose of this article is to identify three historical images of Black women (Mammy, Sapphire, & Jezebel), discuss their historic origins, and describe the impact of each image on various aspects of Black women's psychological functioning. Connections will be made between the Mammy image and disordered eating, concerns about physical features, such as skin color and hair texture, and role strain; between the Sapphire image and the expression of anger; and between the Jezebel image and sexual functioning and victimization. Implications for these images for psychotherapeutic practice will be discussed.


A Review Of Research On Fraternities: On Balance, They're Worth Having., John D. Foubert Dec 1994

A Review Of Research On Fraternities: On Balance, They're Worth Having., John D. Foubert

John D. Foubert

Research on the college fraternity is reviewed pre-1995.


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Emerging Communities: Integrating Networked Information Into Library Services. Ed. Ann P. Bishop (Book Review), Raleigh Muns Dec 1994

Emerging Communities: Integrating Networked Information Into Library Services. Ed. Ann P. Bishop (Book Review), Raleigh Muns

Raleigh Muns

Review of collection of 26 presentations from the 30th Annual Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing.


Encryption/Decryption Dickwads Of Cipherspace, Raleigh Muns Dec 1994

Encryption/Decryption Dickwads Of Cipherspace, Raleigh Muns

Raleigh Muns

Discussion of PGP encryption software and possibility it is compromised.


Energy Tax Credits And Residential Conservation Investment: Evidence From Panel Data (With Kevin Hassett), Gilbert E. Metcalf Dec 1994

Energy Tax Credits And Residential Conservation Investment: Evidence From Panel Data (With Kevin Hassett), Gilbert E. Metcalf

Gilbert E. Metcalf

Using panel data on individual tax returns and variation in state tax policy, we measure the impact of government tax policies to encourage residential conservation investment on the probability of making these investments. Unlike previous work, we account for unobserved heterogeneity in tastes for energy-saving activities and its possible correlation with tax policy at the state level. We find that controlling for unobserved heterogeneity is very important. Based on our preferred point estimate of the tax price coefficient, a 10 percentage point change in the tax price for energy investment would lead to a 24 percent increase in the probability …


The 'New' View Of Investment Decisions And Public Policy Analysis: An Application To Green Lights And Cold Refrigerators, Gilbert E. Metcalf, Donald Rosenthal Dec 1994

The 'New' View Of Investment Decisions And Public Policy Analysis: An Application To Green Lights And Cold Refrigerators, Gilbert E. Metcalf, Donald Rosenthal

Gilbert E. Metcalf

Recent research in investment theory emphasizes the importance of sunk investment costs, uncertainty in returns, and flexibility in investment timing. Allowing for the presence of these characteristics alters traditional discounted cash flow rules for when to invest. Those rules will recommend investing at lower rate-of-return thresholds than is optimal. This article describes this research and suggests the range of potential situations to which the theory applies. It also discusses the implications for policy analysis and suggests that government programs to encourage investment may, in some cases, be inappropriate. After discussing a wide array of possible applications, we focus on one …


Investment Under Alternative Return Assumptions: Comparing Random Walks And Mean Reversion (With Kevin Hassett), Gilbert E. Metcalf Dec 1994

Investment Under Alternative Return Assumptions: Comparing Random Walks And Mean Reversion (With Kevin Hassett), Gilbert E. Metcalf

Gilbert E. Metcalf

Many recent theoretical papers have come under attack for modeling prices as Geometric Brownian Motion. This process can diverge over time, implying that firms facing this price process can earn infinite profits. We explore the significance of this attack and contrast investment under Geometric Brownian Motion with investment assuming mean reversion. While analytically more complex, mean reversion in many cases is a more plausible assumption, allowing for supply responses to increasing prices. We show that cumulative investment is generally unaffected by the use of a mean reversion process rather than Geometric Brownian Motion and provide an explanation for this result.


Key Issues In The Reform Of Central Bank Legislation, Warren Coats, Henry Schiffman Dec 1994

Key Issues In The Reform Of Central Bank Legislation, Warren Coats, Henry Schiffman

Warren Coats

In order to improve the performance of central banks, monetary arrangements should be designed to anchor monetary policy to long-run considerations and to establish specific accountability for its implementation. In order to strengthen the long-run view needed for monetary stability against the short-run problem solving perspective more typical of governments and parliaments, there has been a growing movement in recent years in all regions of the world toward increasing central banks' independence from governments and parliaments. In all countries, the responsibility for the monetary system is ultimately the state’s. This responsibility is often explicit in a country's constitution. Central bank …


Right-Wing Extremism Analyzed. A Comparative Analysis Of The Ideologies Of Three Alleged Right-Wing Extremist Parties (Npd, Ndp, Cp'86), Cas Mudde Dec 1994

Right-Wing Extremism Analyzed. A Comparative Analysis Of The Ideologies Of Three Alleged Right-Wing Extremist Parties (Npd, Ndp, Cp'86), Cas Mudde

Cas Mudde

The so-called 'third wave' of right-wing extremism has taken both society and social science by storm. In contrast to the many studies that look for possible explanations for the success of this 'wave', this article focuses on right-wing extremism itself. In the first part, the concept is defined on the basis of the existing literature, as a political ideology that consists of a combination of several features. In the second part, these features are first conceptualized and second used in a comparative analysis of the ideologies of three alleged right-wing extremist parties (the Dutch CP'86, the German NPD and the …


Published Papers, Tacit Competencies And Corporate Management Of The Public/Private Character Of Knowledge, Diana Hicks Dec 1994

Published Papers, Tacit Competencies And Corporate Management Of The Public/Private Character Of Knowledge, Diana Hicks

Diana Hicks

This paper focuses on the movement of scientific and technological knowledge. It explores companies' reasons for publishing in the scientific and technical literature, reasons that turn on the need to link with other research organisations. The analysis begins by establishing that firms do indeed publish. Such publishing mediates links with other organisations, serving to signal the presence of tacit knowledge and to build the technical reputation necessary to engage in the barter-governed exchange of scientific and technical knowledge. Similar processes are seen in other areas of technical knowledge exchange.


Published Papers, Tacit Competencies And Corporate Management Of The Public/Private Character Of Knowledge, Diana Hicks Dec 1994

Published Papers, Tacit Competencies And Corporate Management Of The Public/Private Character Of Knowledge, Diana Hicks

Diana Hicks

This paper focuses on the movement of scientific and technological knowledge. It explores companies' reasons for publishing in the scientific and technical literature, reasons that turn on the need to link with other research organisations. The analysis begins by establishing that firms do indeed publish. Such publishing mediates links with other organisations, serving to signal the presence of tacit knowledge and to build the technical reputation necessary to engage in the barter-governed exchange of scientific and technical knowledge. Similar processes are seen in other areas of technical knowledge exchange.