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Articles 5491 - 5520 of 8467
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Theories Of Deviance. Stuart H. Traub And Craig B. Little.
Theories Of Deviance. Stuart H. Traub And Craig B. Little.
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Stuart H. Traub and Craig B. Little (Eds.). Theories of Deviance (Fourth edition). Itasca, IL: F. E. Peacock, 1994. $30.00 papercover.
Confronting Drug Policy: Illicit Drugs In A Free Society. Ronald Bayer And Gerald M. Oppenheimer.
Confronting Drug Policy: Illicit Drugs In A Free Society. Ronald Bayer And Gerald M. Oppenheimer.
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Ronald Bayer and Gerald M. Oppenheimer (Eds.). Confronting Drug Policy: Illicit Drugs in a Free Society. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993. $59.95 hardcover; $19.95 papercover.
Revisiting The Issue Of Terrorism: An Institutional Analysis Of U.S. Sponsored Terrorism Directed Toward Cuba, Rick A. Matthews
Revisiting The Issue Of Terrorism: An Institutional Analysis Of U.S. Sponsored Terrorism Directed Toward Cuba, Rick A. Matthews
Masters Theses
Consistent with Herman's (1982) call to more critically examine state-sponsored terrorism, this study assesses the sociopolitical and economic context in which the U.S. has terrorized the nation-state of Cuba. While the definitional framework in which the U.S. has traditionally examined acts of terrorism excludes from it the possibility of self incrimination, this research uses a single standard and nondiscriminatory definition which examines the behavior in question and harms done, as opposed to a definition based on power considerations alone. The method in which this research is conducted is qualitative, consistent with the principles of a sociohistorical case study, using an …
Gender Differences In Higher Education: A Comparison Of Males And Females Applying To Graduate School, Lynda Bennett
Gender Differences In Higher Education: A Comparison Of Males And Females Applying To Graduate School, Lynda Bennett
Masters Theses
The objective of this study was to determine in what ways male and female applicants to graduate school are similar or different. Secondary analysis was conducted on survey data which described attitudes and behavior of students admitted to graduate programs at Western Michigan University. The purpose was to assess the relationship between gender and curricula selected, likelihood of applying for and receiving financial aid, and the influence of marital status. Gender did have a statistically significant relationship with curricula selection and influence of marital status. Furthermore, it appeared that women graduate students find marriage to be a more limiting factor …
Hiv Prevention And Heterosexual College Students: The Impact Of Video Instruction On The "Safer" Sexual Behaviors Of Sexually Active Men, Cheryl L. Knight
Hiv Prevention And Heterosexual College Students: The Impact Of Video Instruction On The "Safer" Sexual Behaviors Of Sexually Active Men, Cheryl L. Knight
Dissertations
Despite increasing evidence of the heterosexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among young adults, research with college students has been primarily restricted to descriptions of the levels of risky behavior and the correlates of that behavior. To date, few experimentally validated HIV prevention programs have been reported. Furthermore, the existing experimental investigations have seldom based an intervention on a thorough analysis of the barriers to the practice of safer sex.
Experiment One surveyed 195 heterosexual college students to assess HIV risk factors, including sexual behavior, risk perception, knowledge and 10 barriers to the consistent practice of "safer" sex. …
The Effects Of A Problem-Solving And Imagery-Based Suggestion On Analgesic Responding In Low, Medium, And High Hypnotizable Females, Gloria Haddad Taggett
The Effects Of A Problem-Solving And Imagery-Based Suggestion On Analgesic Responding In Low, Medium, And High Hypnotizable Females, Gloria Haddad Taggett
Dissertations
This study assessed the effects of a problem-solving suggestion as compared with an imagery-based suggestion on analgesic responding in subjects scoring in the low, medium, and high ranges on scales of hypnotizability. Subjects were exposed at separate intervals to either an hypnotic suggestion patter containing specific imagery designed to enhance analgesic performance, or alternatively to a suggestion patter that provided only general problem-solving direction, but contained no specific imaginal guidance. Performance was assessed using two duration measures on a cold-pressor test. Specific measures included both the total time duration a subject held the target hand in cold water (tolerance) as …
New Opportunities, New Responsibilities: Welfare Reform In Wyoming, Mark W. Lusk, Joseph D. Nies
New Opportunities, New Responsibilities: Welfare Reform In Wyoming, Mark W. Lusk, Joseph D. Nies
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Early experiments with welfare-to-work programs and other welfare reform initiatives had disappointing results, but successful state trial programs since the Family Support Act of 1988 are changing the prevailing wisdom. With evidence that reform can enhance self-sufficiency, many states are embarking on a redefinition of public assistance. Wyoming, a conservative frontier state, is implementing a welfare reform plan that incorporates components shown to be successful elsewhere. In addition to enhanced child support enforcement and workfare, Wyoming welfare reform stresses job preparation, education, and training up to the university level. Degree programs utilize the state's video network and are adapted to …
How To Help The Working Poor Develop Assets, John R. Belcher
How To Help The Working Poor Develop Assets, John R. Belcher
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
This article explores the inability of the working poor to withstand income shocks. Because they often lack assets, the working poor are increasingly vulnerable to increasing deprivation. Interestingly, the welfare state enables the middle-class to develop and maintain assets through institutional arrangements. It is argued that solutions to the problem of poverty must include ways for the working poor also to develop and maintain assets.
Rooms For The Misbegotten: Social Design And Social Deviance, Bruce A. Arrigo
Rooms For The Misbegotten: Social Design And Social Deviance, Bruce A. Arrigo
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Housing strategies designed to create a sense of community for our nation's at-risk and poverty-stricken citizens continue to be a source of debate. One major issue is the degree to which criminal behavior exists within these environments. In this article, the results from a seven year study of one single room occupancy (SRO) facility in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania are described. Analysis of two models used for intervening with the vulnerable tenant population of the SRO suggest that a "strengthfocused" strategy rather than a "need- focused" approach may be more effective in reducing crime and may contribute to the establishment of a …
Review Of Gangs: The Origins And Impact Of Contemporary Youth Gangs In The United States. Scott Cummings And Daniel J. Monti. Reviewed By James W. Callicut, The University Of Texas At Arlington., James W. Callicut
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Scott Cummings and Daniel J. Monti (Eds). Gangs: The Origins and Impact of Contemporary Youth Gangs in the United States. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1993. $59.50 hardcover; $19.95 papercover.
Review Of Policy And Society. Roy R. Roberg And Jack Kuykendall. Reviewed By Margaret M. Severson, Louisiana State University., Larry A. Gould
Review Of Policy And Society. Roy R. Roberg And Jack Kuykendall. Reviewed By Margaret M. Severson, Louisiana State University., Larry A. Gould
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Roy R. Roberg and Jack Kuykendall. Police and Society. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1993. $30.00 hardcover.
Review Of Crime And Punishment In American History. Lawrence M. Friedman. Reviewed By James Midgley, Louisiana State University, James Midgley
Review Of Crime And Punishment In American History. Lawrence M. Friedman. Reviewed By James Midgley, Louisiana State University, James Midgley
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Lawrence M. Friedman. Crime and Punishment in American History. New York: Basic Books, 1993. $30 hardcover.
Inequality, Crime And Control. George S. Bridges And Martha Myers.
Inequality, Crime And Control. George S. Bridges And Martha Myers.
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
George S. Bridges and Martha Myers (Eds.), Inequality, Crime and Control. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994. $59.95 hardcover; $22.95 papercover.
The Relationship Between Codependency And Kohlberg's Stages Of Moral Development, David L. Arkesteyn
The Relationship Between Codependency And Kohlberg's Stages Of Moral Development, David L. Arkesteyn
Dissertations
The phenomenon of codependency is currently under considerable scrutiny as to its actual meaning and whether the concept is biased against women, ignores normal psychological development, and is subject to the "Bamum effect". Codependent relationships are widely considered dysfunctional, yet normal psychological development may play a role in these relationships which is not dysfunctional. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between codependency and Kohlberg's stages of moral development It was proposed that codependency would be highly correlated with Kohlberg's interpersonal concordance orientation stage. The sample consisted of sixty adult subjects who were assessed as codependent Thirty-one …
State Welfare Reforms: Typology And Analysis, Malinda B. Orlin
State Welfare Reforms: Typology And Analysis, Malinda B. Orlin
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Recent state initiatives to change the AFDC program are usually described as a unified welfare reform movement with the single goal of decreasing welfare usage. However, analysis of state waiver applications submitted to HHS finds no single purpose in the reforms. Additionally, the net effect of the state experiments would be to increase usage by expanding eligibility.
Assets And Financial Management Among Poor Households In Extreme Poverty Neighborhoods, Cathleen M. Finn, Paz M-B. Zorita, Claudia Coulton
Assets And Financial Management Among Poor Households In Extreme Poverty Neighborhoods, Cathleen M. Finn, Paz M-B. Zorita, Claudia Coulton
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Proposals supporting the accumulation of assets in poor households are hopeful of creating upward mobility. The experiences of poor families in managing assets and other elements of daily economic life were explored through interviews with low-income Hispanic and Anglo families. All families exhibited planning and management skills needed for assets accumulation, but were unable to escape the effects of unrewarding neighborhood environments. Assets did not provide clear avenues out of poverty. If assets-based programs are to raise the economic status of poor families in extreme poverty neighborhoods they must include mechanisms to protect value and reduce uncertainty.
Symbolic Violence And Social Control In The Post-Total Institution Era, John W. Murphy, John T. Pardeck, Woo Sik Chung, Jung Min Choi
Symbolic Violence And Social Control In The Post-Total Institution Era, John W. Murphy, John T. Pardeck, Woo Sik Chung, Jung Min Choi
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Subsequent to the passage of the Community Mental Health Act in 1963, the "Total Institutions" described by Goffman have for the most part disappeared. Nonetheless, many writers charge that social control is still the primary function of mental health programs, even those that are identified as community-based. The new methods of control have not received widespread attention. In community-based programs control is operationalized in the form of "symbolic violence." This paper examines the various factors that contribute to this style of violence.
Defining Success: The Politics Of Evaluation In Alcohol And Drug Abuse Treatment Programs, James L. Wolk, David J. Hartmann, William P. Sullivan
Defining Success: The Politics Of Evaluation In Alcohol And Drug Abuse Treatment Programs, James L. Wolk, David J. Hartmann, William P. Sullivan
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Alcohol and drug abuse treatment programs must respond to several important stakeholders or beneficiaries of services who have an investment in how success is defined. Utilizing data from recent statewide studies of treatment outcomes of alcohol and drug abuse services, this paper concludes that a strict adherence to an abstinence-only model of success, rigidly adopted by many in the treatment industry is counterproductive. Multiple measures of success are essential to fully understand and assess a changing model of intervention in the chemical dependency field.
Analyzing Administrative Experiences: Feminist, Labor, And Organizational Culture Perspectives, Joan L. Arches, Paula Schneider
Analyzing Administrative Experiences: Feminist, Labor, And Organizational Culture Perspectives, Joan L. Arches, Paula Schneider
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
A framework is offered for making organizational assessment for change using feminist, labor, and organizational culture perspectives. A vision of a humane work environment is important. The labor literature provides the critical analysis, the feminist perspective provides alternatives, and the concept of organizational culture provides the tool for assessment. Based on an exploratory study with women administrators, the authors look at how differences in values are reflected in the administration and structure of feminist and traditional agencies.
Review Of Community Disorders And Policing. Tony Marshall. Reviewed By William G. Archambeault, Louisiana State University., William G. Archambeault
Review Of Community Disorders And Policing. Tony Marshall. Reviewed By William G. Archambeault, Louisiana State University., William G. Archambeault
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Tony Marshall, Community Disorders and Policing. Concord, MA: Paul & Co., 1992. $29.95, Papercover.
Review Of Forensic Social Work: Legal Aspects Of Professional Practice. Robert L. Baker And Douglas M. Branson. Reviewed By Margaret M. Severson, Louisiana State University., Margaret M. Severson
Review Of Forensic Social Work: Legal Aspects Of Professional Practice. Robert L. Baker And Douglas M. Branson. Reviewed By Margaret M. Severson, Louisiana State University., Margaret M. Severson
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Robert L. Barker and Douglas M. Branson. Forensic Social Work: Legal Aspects of Professional Practice. New York, Haworth Press, 1993. $15.95 papercover.
Review Of New Foundations For Scientific Social And Behavioral Research: The Heuristic Paradigm. Katherine Tyson. Reviewed By Gary Mathews, Western Michigan University., Gary Mathews
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Katherine Tyson. New Foundations for Scientific Social and Behavioral Research: The Heuristic Paradigm. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1995. Hardcover. $48.00.
Discretion In Criminal Justice: The Tension Between Individualization And Uniformity. Lloyd E. Ohlin And Frank J. Remmington.
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Lloyd E. Ohlin and Frank J. Remmington (Eds.). Discretion in Criminal Justice: The Tension between Individualization and Uniformity. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1993. $65.50 hardcover. $21.95 papercover.
Wheeling And Dealing: An Ethnography Of An Upper-Level Drug Dealing And Smuggling Community. Patricia A. Adler.
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Patricia A. Adler. Wheeling and Dealing: An Ethnography of an Upper-level Drug Dealing and Smuggling Community. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. $45.00 hardcover; $14.00 papercover.
Women, Violence And Crime Prevention. Jalna Hanmer And Sheila Saunders.
Women, Violence And Crime Prevention. Jalna Hanmer And Sheila Saunders.
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Jalna Hanmer and Sheila Saunders. Women, Violence and Crime Prevention. Aldershot, England: Avebury, 1993. $59.95. (Distributed in the United States by Ashgate Publishing Co., Old Post Road, Brookfield, VT 05036)
Contructionist Controversies. Gale Miller And James A. Holstein.
Contructionist Controversies. Gale Miller And James A. Holstein.
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Gale Miller and James A. Holstein (Eds.). Constructionist Controversies. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter, 1993. $22.95 papercover. James A. Holstein and Gale Miller (Eds.). Reconsidering Social Constructionism. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de gruyter, 1993. $74.95 hardcover.
The Effects Of A Monetary Bonus And Penalty On The Performance Of A Simple Monitoring Task, Gordon Henry
The Effects Of A Monetary Bonus And Penalty On The Performance Of A Simple Monitoring Task, Gordon Henry
Dissertations
The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of three different pay systems on human monitoring performance. With increasing automation, monitoring tasks are becoming increasingly common, but methods of compensation that will promote good performance remain unexamined. Although hourly pay is typically used, data suggest that contingent pay may be more effective in motivating high levels of performance.
In the current study, six undergraduate students, four females and two males ranging in age from 19 to 21 years, performed a monitoring task analogous to one performed by a security guard. Specifically, subjects observed a television screen and …
Effects Of Caffeine Consumption On Cardiovascular Indices, Attention, Task Performance, And Memory Retention In Children, Suzanne L. Keller
Effects Of Caffeine Consumption On Cardiovascular Indices, Attention, Task Performance, And Memory Retention In Children, Suzanne L. Keller
Dissertations
Caffeine is one of the most commonly used drugs in the western world today. Average intake of caffeine in the United States has been estimated at greater than 200 mg daily per person. Although plagued by inconsistencies, and methodological problems, research suggests that this level of caffeine ingestion may have significant effects on cardiovascular functioning, and behavioral processes such as attention, cognitive processing, memory, and task performance.
Although children consume significant quantities of caffeine, very little research has been done on the effects of caffeine in children. The limited findings suggest that caffeine consumption may affect the cognitive and behavioral …
Evolving Sisterhood: An Organizational Analysis Of Three Sororities, Bonnie J. Galloway
Evolving Sisterhood: An Organizational Analysis Of Three Sororities, Bonnie J. Galloway
Dissertations
From 1851 through June, 1993, more than 2,800,000 women have been initiated into the twenty-six National Panhellenic Conference sororities. Not only are members active during collegiate years, but many continue participation through alumnae groups. Upholding the principles of community service and moral development, sorority women volunteer time and talent in a myriad of ways that benefit local communities and the greater society as a whole. Sororities also provide women important leadership training and experience.
The research design of this project takes a sociohistorical perspective. The study utilizes the population ecology model for organizations to examine three representative sororities: Chi Omega, …
The Michigan Juvenile Waiver Package: An Analysis Of Its Use In Wayne County, Michigan, Kenneth C. Jackson
The Michigan Juvenile Waiver Package: An Analysis Of Its Use In Wayne County, Michigan, Kenneth C. Jackson
Masters Theses
On October 1, 1988, the Michigan Juvenile Waiver Package took effect in Michigan. One of the results of this was the implementation of prosecutorial waiver method in Michigan. Whereas previously juveniles could only be waived and tried in the adult court via a judicial waiver, now it was possible for the prosecutor to waive juveniles aged 15 or 16 if charged with one or more of seven specified Class 1A felonies. Data were collected for all youth subject to prosecutorial waiver in Wayne County over a five year period, from October 1, 1988 through October 1, 1993. Data included: date …