Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

An Analysis Of The General Well-Being Of Blacks And Whites: Results Of A National Study, Sonjia Parker Redmond

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The importance of race as a factor in mental health status has been a topic of controversy. This study examines racial variances in the relationship between selected socio-demographic variables and general well-being. The study also examines the appropriateness of an additive versus an interactive statistical model for this investigation.

Unlike other recent community based mental health studies, this study revealed significant differences between the general well-being of Blacks and Whites. Blacks continued to exhibit significantly lower levels of well-being even after adjustments were made for income, education, marital status, sex, age and place of residence. Statistical interaction was found between …

The Social Class And Mental Illness Correlation: Implications Of The Research For Policy And Practice, Christopher G. Hudson

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Ongoing efforts to unravel the causal issues involved in the correlation between socioeconomic status and mental illness suggest that the hypothesis of a recursive or interactive relationship may be the most tenable, at least with the psychoses. Implications of this research are explored, with particular attention paid to the mental health costs of economic policies, the principles with which states allocate mental health resources, and the use of this knowledge-base in service planning.

Exposure Of Young Welfare Recipients To Family And Peer Receipt Of Welfare And Unemployment Benefits, Viola E. Shuart, John H. Lewko

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The current study examined exposure to family and peer receipt of unemployment and general welfare benefits for a sample of 262 unemployed youth between 16 and 24 years of age who were in receipt of social assistance. The findings reveal that exposure to receipt of benefits was most pervasive through peers, with moderate exposure via siblings and minimal exposure via parents. The findings are discussed in relation to existing explanations which suggested that the receipt of benefits is intergenerationally transmitted. It is recommended that future investigations of the cultural transmission of poverty and receipt of benefits include the influence of …

Implications Of The One-Child Family Policy On The Development Of The Welfare State In The People's Republic Of China, Fernando Chiu-Hung Cheung

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The one-child family policy in China, if successfully implemented, will drastically alter the population age structure in the coming years which will in turn affect the demand and supply of the welfare state. Using several population indices projected on the basis of different total fertility rates, it is found that the aged population will increase significantly and hence their needs for social services including social security and health care will increase accordingly. Because the responsibility for caring for the old in China still largely falls on the family, it is important to establish an universal social security system supported by …

A Commentary On The Social Class And Mental Illness Correlation: Implications Of The Research For Policy And Practice, Julius A. Roth

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper represents an extraordinary review of literature on the association between SES and mental illness. I think most social scientists would find it impressive. It also conveys some cogent reasoning about the relevance of these findings for social policy. I think most social workers would find it impressive.

Welfare Workers As Surplus Population: A Useful Model?, Paula Dressel, Mike Sweat, Michelle Waters

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Analysts of organizational and employment issues in social welfare are in need of a more critical orientation for framing debate. We propose that an understanding of welfare workers as surplus population offers critical insights into a number of longstanding welfare concerns, including political coalitions, professional standards, and worker burnout. Empirical evidence is presented to undergird the credibility of the surplus population argument.

The Relationship Between Social Work And Labor Unions: A History Of Strife And Cooperation, Shulamith Lala Ashenberg Straussner, Norma Kolko Phillips

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The historical relationship between social work and organized labor has been an ambivalent one, with fluctuations paralleling historical changes in social and political values. This paper examines the changing nature of the relationship, with emphasis on the period from the 1870s to the 1940s. While today's relationship is a mutually beneficial one, the fragile nature of the link between organized labor and the social work community cannot be ignored, particularly in light of the increasing involvement between social work and private industry

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 15, No. 1 (March 1988)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Table of Contents

• Editorial - ROBERT D. LEIGHNINGER, JR., EDWARD J. PAWLAK, DANNY H. THOMPSON
• Implications of the One-Child Family Policy on the Development of the Welfare State in the People's Republic of China - FERNANDO CHIU-HUNG CHEUNG
• The Social Class and Mental Illness Correlation: Implications of the Research for Policy and Practice - CHRISTOPHER G. HUDSON
• A Commentary on The Social Class and Mental Illness Correlation - JULIUS ROTH
• An Analysis of the General Well-Being of Blacks and Whites: Results of a National Study - SONJIA PARKER REDMOND
• Exposure of Young Welfare Recipients to Family and Peer Receipt of …

Technology In Clinical Practice And The "Technological Ethic", John W. Murphy, John T. Pardeck

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Computers are being introduced into practically every area of clinical practice. The use of this technology by practitioners has not gone unchallenged. Specifically, new ethical problems are thought to be associated with using computers to make clinical assessments. Logistical and procedural difficulties, however, have been the primary focus of concern. In this paper the critique of computerized evaluation is expanded, with attention directed to the computer "micro-world." Because the computer micro-world consists of several unwarranted assumptions about the nature of social reality, clinical practice may be affected in many undesireable ways. The theoretical underside of computer use is illustrated to …

The State Of Economic Science: The Views Of Six Nobel Laureates 1988-89, Department Of Economics

Werner Sichel Lecture Series

"The State of Economic Science: The Views of Six Nobel Laureates" is the twenty-fifth Annual Public Lecture Series organized by the Department of Economics at Western Michigan University. This year's series is directed by Dr. Werner Sichel of the WMU Economics Department, and is cosponsored by the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. All lectures are open to the public and no admission is charged. A question and answer session will follow each lecture.

19-Archaeological Survey Of The Environs Of 20cx65, The Beaver Lsland Sun Circle, Charlevoix County, Michigan, Elizabeth B. Garland

Archaeological Reports

In October of 1988 I was contacted by Terri Bussey of the Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council concerning the putative Sun Circle at Beaver Island. She came to my office at the University a few days later, bringing maps and photographs, and we discussed the site at some length. This comprised my first direct information about the site, my prior knowledge being confined to remarks by students who had seen stories In the Detroit press, and some conversation with professional colleagues at the Midwest Archaeological Conference at Urbana-Champaign a week or two earlier.

At Ms. Bussey's. request I tentatively agreed to …

84-An Archaeological Survey Of The Relocated Metro Wastewater Treatment Plant Outfall In Section 3, T10n R1sw, Muskegon County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Pursuant to receipt of authorization from Dr. Y.A. Demirjian, Director, Muskegon County Wastewater Management System (contract dated 18 Apr 88; Purchase Order 88-04D33D), for a Phase I archaeological study of the proposed corridor for the relocated metro wastewater treatment plant outfall in the S 1/2 of Section 3, T10N R15W, Muskegon County, Michigan, archaeologists in the Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University initiated a site file search and on 25 Apr £8 conducted on-site evaluation of the project area in order to determine whether construction of the outfall would adversely impact potentially significant archaeological resources. There follows a report of …

86-Phase I Archaeological Assessment Of The Mosel Avenue Bridge Replacement And Riverview Drive Modification Project In Kalamazoo County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Upon receipt of authorization from Mra Herbert 0. Larkin, Engineer-Manager, Kalamazoo County Road Commission (contract dated 25 Jul 88)), far a Phase I archaeological study of the proposed improvements to the Mosel Avenue crossing of the Kalamazoo River and the adjacent road network in Kalamazoo Township, archaeologists in the Department of Anthropology at Western Michigan University initiated a site file search and literature review and an 24-25 Aug 88 conducted on-site evaluation of the project area in order to ascertain whether proposed construction activities would adversely impact potentially significant archaeological resources. There follows a report of our program of research, …

80-Archaeobotany Of Sites 11-J-812 (24b2-185) And 11-J-818 (24b2-185e), Burning Star Mine #5, Jackson County, Illinois, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

The Schwartz (11-J-812; 2482-185) and Copeland (11-~-818; 2482-185E) sites are single component early Late Woodland encampments located in the Westfield Extension of Consolidation Coel Company's Burning Star Mine #5 in northeastern Jackson County, Illinois. The Westfield lies within but near the southern terminus of the Mt. Vernon Hill Country of the Southern Till Plains Division and is characterized by mature topography and low relief (Schwegman 1975). Elevation in the study area ranges from approximately 108 m ASL along the Little Muddy River, the principal stream passing through the Westfield, to 120 m ASL on adjacent uplands. The Little Muddy is …

83-An Archaeological Survey Of The Covert Township Wastewater Treatment Facility, Van Buren County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Pursuant to receipt or authorization From Mr. Carl Malsom, Project Administration, WW Operation Services (dated 21 Dec 87), For a Phase I archaeological study or a 5.5 ha parcel in the NE 1/4 or Section 17, Covert Township, Van Buren Count~, Michigan, archaeologists in the Department or Anthropology, Western Michigan University undertook a literature and site File search and, with the arrival or appropriate weather and soil conditions, on 8 Mar 88 conducted onsite evaluation or the project area in order to determine whether construction of wastewater treatment facilities would adversely impact potentially significant archaeological resources. There Follows a report …

79-Archaeobotanical Analysis Of Carbonized Residues From Site 13ma387, Lake Red Rock, Iowa, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

No abstract provided.

82-Phase I Archaeological Survey Of The Tanners Ridge Resort Area, Sodus Township, Michigan, Elizabeth B. Garland

Reports of Investigations

The Tanner's Ridge archaeological survey was carried out at the request of Mr. Warren Burke, following a series of telephone conversations and correspondence with the Bureau of History, Michigan Department of State, during the summer and fall of 1987. The author's prior archaeological work (Garland 1984) In the immediate vicinity of the planned resort area suggested the high probability of prehistoric sites at this locale, particularly at elevations above the 100 year flood line.

Following a reconnaissance on December 4 to ascertain visibility and plan the survey, the field work was carried out on December 13 and 14, 1987 by …

81-Archaeobotany Of Site 11-J-814 (24b2-227), A Deeply Stratified Rock Shelter On The Little Muddy River In Burning Star Mine #5, Jackson County, Illinois, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

The WestField Extension oF Consolidation Coal Company's Burning Star Mine #5 is situated in the Little Muddy River drainage oF northeastern Jackson County, Illinois. It is located within but very near the southern terminus oF the Mt. Vernon Hill Country of the Southern Till Plains Division, with its characteristic mature topography and low relieF, and includes a 4.5 km long segment oF the lower river valley and an area oF uplands lying to the west of the river. Elevation across the study area ranges from about 108 m ASL along the Little Muddy to more than 120 m ASL on …

85-An Archaeological Survey Of The Ayers Road Extension In Sections 35-36, Summit Township (T3s R1w), Jackson County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

Pursuant to receipt of authorization from Mr. Robert M. Zenz, Chairman, Board of County Road Commissioners (contract dated 27 Jul 88), for a Phase I archaeological site location survey of the Ayers Road Extension project in Sections 35-36 of Summit Township, Jackson County, Michigan, archaeologists in the Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University initiated a site file search and on 4 Aug 88 conducted on-site evaluation of the project area in order to determine whether proposed construction activities would adversely impact potentially significant archaeological resources. There follows a report of our research program, together with the recommendations derived from examination …

18-Archaeological Investigations At The Walters 1 (20sj144) And Cupp 5 (20sj104) Sites, St. Joseph County, Michigan, William M. Cremin, Dale W. Quattrin

Archaeological Reports

During the 1987 field season, a research team from Western Michigan University conducted Phase II investigations at the Walters 1 and Cupp 5 sites in the Middle St. Joseph River Valley to determine the eligibility of these sites far listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Discovered during a Phase I survey of this area in 1986, these two sites were among 10 of 87 previously unrecorded sites to which ''high priority'' assignments were given (Cremin and Quattrin 1987).

Following intensive walk-over survey of the ''well fitted'' fields in May by an all volunteer group for purposes of precisely …

Controlling Corporate Crime Through Reform Of The Criminal Justice System, Mary A. Vogt

Honors Theses

Corporate crime, according to Clinard and Yeager (1980: 16), "is any act that is committed by corporations which is punishable by the state, regardless of whether it is punished under administrative, civil, or criminal law". This form of crime is a major social problem within our society (Kramer, 1982). The purpose of this project is to examine a variety of proposals to improve the capability of the criminal justice system to control the problem of corporate crime, and to make specific recommendations for reform.

Historical Perspectives On The Care And Treatment Of The Mentally Ill, Albert R. Roberts, Linda Farms Kurtz

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

An examination of the history of mental illness and its treatment over the centuries reveals that the mentally ill have few advocates except each other and that their treatment has consisted of confinement and neglect. Reformers have pioneered for change, experienced brief success, but ultimately conditions for the mentally ill regress. Society continues to abhor mental illness as though its collective consciousness still believes in possession by evil spirits. Discussion of the early history moves from banishment to ships of fools, to European asylums, and to institutions run by the states in America. More recent history focuses on the National …

Reforming The Juvenile Correctional Institution: Efforts Of The U.S. Children's Bureau In The 1930s, Marguerite G. Rosenthal

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The U.S. Children's Bureau, the federal agency responsible for social policy for children in the early part of this century, delayed studying the problems associated with the institutionalization of juvenile delinquents for nearly twenty-five years. In the 1930's, the Bureau undertook several projects and studies related to training schools for delinquents which were designed to create reform in an area long recognized as harmful to children. This article traces the history of the Bureau's work in the institutional field from 1912-54, analyzes the reasons for the agency's initial reluctance and later activity in this area, discusses the results of these …

Mental Practice: Its Effects On Walking Balance In An Elderly Population, Cheryl A. Linden

Masters Theses

The effect of mental practice on improving walking balance in an elderly population was studied. Walking balance was measured by the number of upper extremity equilibrium reactions elicited and placement of feet observed as subjects traversed an activity course. Twenty-three female subjects between the ages of 67-90 were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group mentally practiced traversing the activity course with the aid of a six minute audio tape. The control group participated in sedentary activities of equal duration. Both groups met for eight sessions. Independent and correlated t-tests indicated no significant difference in walking balance …

Hemispheric Brain Laterality Of Perception Of Tachistoscopically Presented Erotic Stimuli By Male And Female College Students, Randall Warne Stewart

Masters Theses

The effects of hemispheric asymmetry on the perception of erotic stimuli presented in either of the two visual fields was investigated. Freshmen and Sophomore college students, 20 males and 27 females, were used as subjects in the study. Subjects were bilaterally presented with combinations of erotic, neutral, and blank visual field stimuli using a "split visual field" procedure for a total of 96 200 msec. presentations. Subjects were asked to rate the presentations on a scale of 1 to 5; 1 was equal to neutral and 5 was equal to very erotic. Males and females rated erotic stimuli presented in …

The Effects Of Altruism On Activity Productivity In Elderly Women In Skilled-Care Nursing Facilities, Carol J. Getz

Masters Theses

This study investigated altruism as a factor in productivity in elderly women. Eight groups of institutionalized elderly women (n = 33) stenciled personalized (initials) stationery. Groups were randomly assigned to either the non-altruistic condition or the altruistic condition; there was control for time of day and location of the activity. Subjects in the non-altruistic condition made stationery for themselves, while subjects in the altruistic condition made stationery for abused children living in an innercity. The number of pieces of stationery produced and the duration of time engaged in activity were recorded for each subject. Mann-Whitney U tests revealed that subjects …

Drug Use And Abuse: A Survey Of Mentally Retarded Citizens In Kalamazoo County, Michigan, Sandra Ann Burdick

Masters Theses

An abundant array of research in the area of drug use and abuse among various populations has been conducted in recent years. These studies have determined that although several demographic variables affect the prevalence of drug use, all segments of society who have access to drugs are at some risk. Whether relative risk is influenced by subaverage intelligence is unclear, however, for very little has been done to determine the prevalence of drug use and abuse among the mentally retarded.

In this survey methods were utilized to gather such information in Kalamazoo County, Michigan. A survey return rate of 73% …

An Attendance Incentive Procedure Using Group Contingencies, Norman Kevin Brown

Masters Theses

This study used a multiple baseline design to examine the effect of a lottery-based group contingency on unscheduled sick leave (USL) use by residential treatment workers. Sixty direct-care workers participated in this study. Researchers employed a group contingency that required workers to meet 2-week absence criterion levels in order to participate in a subsequent reinforcement lottery. The workers who won the lottery chose one of four rewards including 20 dollars, 4 hours paid time-off, lunch with a supervisor, and four movie tickets. The mean number of USL hours used in each of five work units was reduced significantly during intervention. …

Ratio Pausing And The Determination Of Discriminative Operant Latencies, Thomas M. Bell

Dissertations

The latency between discriminative stimulus onset and initiation of a corresponding ratio requirement (RR) was studied in pigeons using a two-key discrete-trial procedure with three-component multiple schedules. The two-key procedure allowed measurement of response-reinforcer relations on a "constant" key, and stimulus-reinforcer relations on a "stimulus" key. The first experiment showed regular between-session effects as equivalent fixed-ratio (FR) components were raised over several phases and then lowered. A direct relation was observed between latency and RR for each of ten subjects. Initial stimulus-key pecking showed several trends, the most prevalent being an inverse relation to RR.

Experiment 2 demonstrated within-session separations …

The Idea Of Good Government: The Evolution Of Administrative Thought And Practice In The American Republic, James Robert Wieber

Dissertations

This study analyzes the evolution of the proper role of public administration in American government. American public administration traces its roots to the founding of American constitutional government in 1789, but divergent opinions continue regarding the discipline's proper role in a democracy. This question has never been settled in the American experiment. Considering the size, scope, and complexity of today's administrative state, it may well never be. Recent efforts have sought to define public administrations's role as proactive on behalf of clients for reasons of social equity and human dignity. Further attempts have been made to define administration as a …