Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Computer Technology - 1984 And Beyond, Terry Holbrook

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This article examines the impact of computerization on record keeping. Particularly important about automated records is that their content becomes reified, thereby distorting the nature of client data. Because the technical side of documenting a client's activities is stressed, the existential nature of behavior is obscured. As a result, a practitioner may not gain much insight into the motives and social situation of a client. Yet without this information, irrelevant advice may be prescribed by a social worker. Accordingly, technology must not be allowed to alter the existential process of creating a client's biography in a record.

Medicine, Technology, And Genetic Engineering: Reflections From The Outside, Jeffrey R. Plittman

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Advances in technology are producing many changes in the ways humans view and manage their lives. The refinement of genetic engineering techniques has created vast opportunities for humankind, along with novel problems and dangers. Accordingly, the questions that must be addressed pertain to the nature of life itself. Yet the scientific community can not be given sole discretion In managing todey's technologies. Instead, all segments of society must be Involved In determining how genetic engineering will be used.

Social Service Delivery Systems: The Impact Of Technology And Organizational Structure, Louella Mann

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Changes in work and social structures are reviewed for the period from the early industrial era to the present. Work structure is hypothesized to have a significant impact upon society and the individual. The structure of the modern work setting and the rapid changes in technology have increased the stress associated with anxiety and isolation. In turn, these problems contribute to the onset of social ills. Also examined are ways to diminish the negative effects of the role conflict which results from the divergent structures present in the personal and work settings. Predictions about the future of social service delivery …

Technology, Corporate Mobility, And A Decline In Urban Services, Marcus D. Pohlmann

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Technological changes have produced a postindustrial economy which has both facilitated and encouraged the flight of capital and well-to-do people from the older industrial cities. Left in their wake are increasing levels of unemployment, poverty, and crime. Service needs have Increased accordingly, but at a time when these cities have not only smaller tax bases but also less electoral clout with which to acquire additional financial assistance at the state and federal levels. In a nearly futile attempt to reestablish a healthy degree of private investment in their cities, municipal governments let service levels decline and focus on spurring capital …

74-Paleoethnobotanical Remains From Three Sites In The Mark Twain National Forest, Missouri, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

No abstract provided.

17-Archaeological Investigations At The New Buffalo Weigh Stations, Berrien County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Archaeological Technical Reports

With the execution of Work Authorizations under Contract# 85-1115 between the Michigan Department of Transportation, the Michigan Department of State, and Western Michigan University, authorizing Phase I and preliminary Phase II archaeological investigations at the New Buffalo Weigh Stations project along I-94 in Berrien County, Michigan, a team of researchers from the Department of Anthropology performed a systematic and intensive site location survey of the project area on 17 Nov 85 and preliminary test excavation of the New Buffalo Weigh Station site (20BE380) on 22-23 Mar 86.

Following our initial visit to the project in November, surveyors were able to …

19-Archaeological Survey Of The I-75nb Welcome Center, Moran Township, Mackinac County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Archaeological Technical Reports

With the execution of a Cultural Resource Investigation work authorization (#4-86/87) under contract #85-1115 (MDOS ER #9262) betveen the MDOT, the MDOS, and WMU, authorizing a Phase I archaeological survey of the I-75NB Welcome Center in Moran Township, Mackinac County, Michigan, archaeologists undertook a systematic and intensive site location survey of the project area on 12-13 Oct 86.

Employing reconnaissance and shovel testing procedures, the survey team relocated and confirmed the existence of a site(s) in the eastern portion of the project and extending into the adjoining property of the Straits State Park. Although lithic debris and pieces of FRC …

73-Archaeobotanical Analysis Of Screened And Flotation Residues From Sites 24n2-227 And 2482-231, Burning Star Mine #5, Jackson County, Illinois, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

The Westfield of Consolidation Coal Company's Burning Star Mine# 5 is located in northeastern Jackson County, Illinois. It lies within but near the southern terminus of the Mt. Vernon Hill Country of the Southern Till Plains Division and is characterized by mature topography and low relief; elevations ranges from about 108m ASL along the banks of the Little Muddy River, the principal stream draining the study area, to 120m ASL on adjacent uplands. The northern limits of the Greater Shawnee Hills Section of the Shawnee Hills Division lie about 20 km to the south, where the gently rolling hills and …

75-Archaeological Survey Of The Sumitec Corporation Expansion Project, City Of Benton Harbor, Michigan (Er 9289), William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

At the request of Ms. Joy Bauer, Consultant, and Mr. Michael R. Prochaska, President, M.R. Prochaska, Inc.,acting for the City of Benton Harbor, Michigan, the project Princigal Investigator, Dr. William M. Cremin, planned and initiated on-site evaluation of a parcel of land fronting on Paw Paw Avenue and intended for expansion of Sumitec Corporation facilities. There follows a report of fieldwork conducted on 20 Nov 86, together with appropriate background information and recommendations based upon our findings.

72-Prehistoric Plant Residues From The Bonnie Creek Site (21c4-46), A Mississippian Farmstead In The Northfield, Burning Star Mine #4, Perry Co., Il, William M. Cremin

Reports of Investigations

The site under investigation, Bonnie Creek (21C4-46), is located in the Northfield of Consolidation Coal Company's Burning Star Mine# 4, Perry County, Illinois. Lying within the southern portion of the Till Plains Division, known as the Mt. Vernon Hill Country, the Northfield exhibits a mature landscape of gently rolling hills and broad alluvial valleys through which flow Galum Creek and its major tributaries, Rock Fork and Bonnie creeks. Galum Creek, in turn, is tributary to the Big Muddy River of southern Illinois.

18-Archaeological Survey Of Hiscock #1-11 Well Pad (20ae813) And Access Road, Valley Township, Allegan County, Michigan, Elizabeth B. Garland

Archaeological Technical Reports

Project Inception

Michael G. Cote, District Geologist, Department of Natural Resources (Plainwell), contacted Elizabeth Garland by telephone on August 18, 1986, concerning preparation of an oil drilling locality in Valley Township, Allegan County. A map detailing the location was delivered to Garland by a representative of the Petroleum Leasing and Exploration Company (Allegan) the following day. Since the planned well site was seen to be near a stream and within half a mile of a known prehistoric site, an archaeological survey was deemed advisable. Field work was carried out on August 20 and 21 by Garland and two associates from …

20-Archaeological Survey Of The Us-23 Weigh Stations Project In Whiteford Township, Monroe County, Michigan, William M. Cremin

Archaeological Technical Reports

With the execution of a Cultural Resource Investigation work authorization (#6-86/87) under contract #85-1115 (MDOS ER #4573), as amended, on 10 Oct 86 between the Michigan Department of Transportation, the Michigan Department of State, and Western Michigan University, authorizing Phase I assessment of the US-23 Weigh Stations project in Whiteford Township, Monroe County, Michigan, archaeologists undertook a systematic and intensive on-site survey of the project on 20-21 Oct 86.

Employing reconnaissance and shovel testing,procedures, the survey team thoroughly examined an area of 25.9 ha (64 acres), making not a single observation of potential significance with respect to the presence in …

16-The Indian And The Prairie: Prehistoric And Early Historic Utilization Of Native Grassland Environments In Kalamazoo County) Michigan, With Emphasis On Gourd-Neck Prairie In Schoolcraft Township. Project No. S85-212, William M. Cremin, David De Fant, Conrad Kaufman

Archaeological Reports

With grant support from the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, administered by the Bureau of History, Michigan Department of State, a team of archaeologists from Western Michigan University has undertaken a program of fieldwork (with appropriate literature search and review of the documents) to identify archaeological sites and ascertain the nature of the activity conducted from them in an attempt to explain the nature of the relationship between the native inhabitants of Kalamazoo County and the former grassland environments that occurred here.

A review of the relevant literature prior to initiating a program of survey on Gourd-Neck Prairie …

Rule-Governed Behavior In Preschool Children, Cassandra Ann Braam

Masters Theses

The control exerted by different types of rules on the behavior of preschool children was determined. Using a variation of a multielement design, four topographically similar rules were presented to seven four-year-old children. The rules varied in the deadlines and delay of consequences (rewards) specified. The results showed that: (a) requests or mands specifying only response requirements generally exerted poor control; (b) rules specifying an immediate deadline and an immediate reward exerted strong control; (c) rules specifying deadlines and a one-week delay of the reward exerted good control; and (d) rules specifying no deadlines for completion and a one-week delay …

Tamoxifen Effects Upon Body Weight, Water Intake, And Several Behaviors, And Tamoxifen’S Unconditioned Stimulus Properties In The Conditioned Taste Aversion Paradigm, Steven J. Anderson

Masters Theses

The antiestrogen tamoxifen citrate (Stuart Pharmaceuticals) is indicated for treatment of breast cancer. Tamoxifen (TMX) is frequently employed because of demonstrated effectiveness in tumor reduction and a low incidence of debilitating side effects compared to similar agents. Even though side effects are uncommon with use of TMX, medical and behavioral sequalae have been noted. The present , . study investigated several behaviors in female rats administered TMX in two separate studies. In the first investigation, the effects of 25 daily treatments of TMX upon body weight, water intake, and several behaviors were assayed. In the second study, aversion to a …

A Bormannean Fantasy Theme Analysis Of “The Big Book" Of Alcoholics Anonymous, Leigh Arden Ford

Masters Theses

Utilizing Bormannean fantasy theme analysis, this study examined the rhetoric of "The Big Book", the basic text of Alcoholics Anonymous. Three dominant rhetorical visions were found corresponding to Cragan and Shield's conception of rhetorical visions as social, pragmatic and righteous at the metalevel. These rhetorical visions were labeled The Rich Man, Poor Man Vision (social), The Greater Power Vision (righteous), and The Solution Vision (pragmatic). The accompanying fantasy themes of dramatis personae, setting, plotline and sanctioning agent were delineated. The implications of this study for substance abuse therapists and AA members were examined and further research was suggested.

An Exploratory Study Of The Relationship Between Moral Development And Communication In Small Groups, Beth Hartman Ellis

Masters Theses

This study explored the differences in communication between groups comprised of persons in different stages of moral development. Hypotheses were developed related to the task dimension and the process dimension of group discussions. These hypotheses were based on the appropriateness of the content of the communication in the groups to stages with in Kohlberg's theory of moral development. Trends in the direction of the hypotheses were found in analyses of utterances of the individuals in the group.

The Depo-Provera Controversy: A Sociological Analysis, Pamela A. Hayman

Masters Theses

This study is a sociological analysis of the Depo- Provera Controversy. The strong programme in the sociology of science was the method employed for examining the social and political dimensions of the decision-making process underlying science and technology as it relates to the approval of Depo-Provera as a contraceptive in the United States. The data were consistent with the social constructionist perspective, rather than the positivistic view of science. In almost every instance, scientific conclusions followed alignment rather than arising from objective, universalistic analysis. Upjohn scientists and family planners concluded that Depo-Provera was safe and advocated its use; feminists and …

Instructional Control Of Leniency In Self-Appraisals, Maria Barnum Nelson

Masters Theses

Self- and supervisor ratings were obtained on four classifications of non-teaching public school employees across two instructional conditions. Self-ratings showed more leniency in the condition where employees were instructed not to meet with the supervisor to discuss the ratings; self-ratings showed less leniency in the condition where employees were instructed to meet with the supervisor to discuss the ratings. Despite foreknowledge of the research question and instructional conditions, supervisors showed a tendency to rate employees differentially according to the instructional conditions. The results of the analyses demonstrate the potency of instructional control on rating behavior by employees and supervisors. Questions …

A Comparison Of Similar Versus Dissimilar Competing Response Practice In The Treatment Of Muscle Tics, Ellen L. Sharenow

Masters Theses

Miltenberger, Fuqua, and McKinley (1985) reported that the competing response component of the habit reversal treatment package (Azrin & Nunn, 1973) when presented alone was as effective as the entire habit reversal procedure in suppressing muscle tics. In a related study, Miltenberger and Fuqua (1 9 8 5 , in press) reported that the performance of the competing response contingent on the occurrence of a variety of nervous habits resulted in greater response suppression than the non-contingent performance of the competing response. In an effort to determine whether the topography of the competing response was important to the reported effects, …

Behavioral Toxicology Of A Glucocorticoid: Analysis Of Selected Behavioral And Physiological Effects Of Repeated Prednisolone Treatment, Robert G. Sewell

Dissertations

Glucocorticoids are used medicinally for numerous chronic ailments. While dramatically effective, glucocorticoid treatment is replete with psychiatric complications. The behavioral toxicology of glucocorticoids, however, remains relatively unexplored. Therefore, 13 laboratory studies were performed to analyze the influence of prednisolone, a representative glucocorticoid, upon varied behavioral and physiological endpoints in rats. Experiments 1-3 showed prednisolone to produce marked hypodipsia, body weight loss, selective adrenal gland atrophy, hyperactivity, hyperalgesia, altered grasping responses, hyperglycemia, enhanced predation, and conditioned taste aversion. Most of these findings were directly dependent upon dose, and where explored, number of treatments. The remaining ten studies examined both acute and …

Reinforcement Increases The Strength Of An Elicited Response, Michael D. Peters

Dissertations

A response initially produced by noncontigent fixed-time delivery of brief electric shock was strengthened by reinforcement. Following the fixed-time shock baseline condition, response contingent shock absence (avoidance) was programmed for the lower probability of two response options for one group of squirrel monkeys. For the other group the interposed history was variable-interval food reinforcement. When responding was reliably maintained reinforcement was discontinued and a return made to fixed-time shock conditions as programmed prior to reinforcement. Upon a return to original conditions, rates were substantially elevated over baseline with the elevation sustained for many sessions. The avoidance group showed the most …

The Intuitive Dimension Of The Therapist's Consciousness: A New Paradigm, Bonnie Marie Truax

Dissertations

The major purpose of this study was the examination of the incidence and nature of the intuitions of therapists. A secondary purpose was to create and evaluate an alternative approach to the study of human subjective experience. The research was completed in three phases.

Phase 1 involved creating a paradigm about intuition based on historical perspectives and viewpoints. Sixteen basic theoretical constructs about intuition were developed following an extensive synthesis and integration of philosophic and psychological literature.

In Phase 2, the paradigm was evaluated using the constant comparative method of qualitative analysis, which allows for the continual emergence of new …

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 12, No. 4 (December 1985)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Feminist Theory and Social Policy or Why is Welfare So Hard to Reform? - DOROTHY C. MILLER - pp. 664
• Addressing Socio-Legal-Problems: A Unifying Perspective for Social Workers - RAYMOND ALBERT - pp. 691
• Informal Helping Networks And Social Service Changes: A Community Perspective - CAHRLES HOCH, GEORGE HEMMENS, ROJEAN MADSEN, WIM WIEWEL - pp. 712
• Predictors of Depressive Symptoms Among Unemployed Black Adults - DIANE R. BROWN, LAURENCE E. GARY - pp. 736
• Issues in Assessing Community Resources for the Leisure-Time Needs of the Elderly - JORDAN I. KOSBERG, JUANITA L. GARCIA - pp. 777
• Demographic …

Addressing Socio-Legal Problems: A Unifying Perspective For Social Workers, Raymond Albert

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Problems where social work and the law overlap have consistently challenged social work professionals, and the challenges promise to continue. The overlap exposes important interdisciplinary issues, which are best addressed when certain conditions are met. The article describes these conditions within the context of a perspective that underlines the interaction between the two fields and structures the professional's approach to these interdisciplinary problems.

Predictors Of Depressive Symptoms And Unemployed Black Adults, Diane R. Brown, Lawrence E. Gary

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Using data from a probability based survey of unemployed Black adults residing in an urban area, this study explores factors related to the presence of depressive symptoms. Findings indicate that depressive symptoms are less among unemployed persons with higher levels of income, education, religiosity, age and satisfactory social support. Age, however, is the single best predictor of depressive symptoms among unemployed Blacks. There were no significant differences by gender.

Issues In Assessing Community Resources For The Leisure-Time Needs Of The Elderly, Jordan I. Kosberg, Juanita L. Garcia

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The growth of leisure-time, following retirement, is potentially problematic for the elderly and can result in such adversities as depression, problem drinking, loneliness, and boredom. Leisure-time resources include recreation, education, volunteerism, training, voluntary associations, familialism, and solitary activities. The use of resources for leisure-time needs of the elderly are influenced by idiosyncratic differences; cultural background, financial resources, geographic variations; and the characteristics of programs and services. There is a need to better prepare individuals for the use of leisure-time. Each community must ensure that leisure-time resources exist and do not exclude any elderly from possible involvement, for either structural, programmatic, …

The Social Support Networks Of Indochinese Refugees, Peter J. Pecora, Mark W. Fraser

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Refugee sponsors and social service staff of agencies serving Indochinese refugees in Utah were surveyed to determine the relationship between social support and economic self-sufficiency among refugees. Agency staff and refugee sponsors rated contacts by family, work, school, and sponsors who are family members as most useful, with differences emerging between the two groups regarding other sources of social support. Respondents who had been refugees rated some forms of social support higher than nonrefugee respondents. Mutual Assistance Associations were seen as underutilized resources for helping Indochinese refugees build and maintain networks of social support.

Feminist Theory And Social Policy Or Why Is Welfare So Hard To Reform?, Dorothy C. Miller

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

More than 10 years ago Henry Aaron wrote a classic paper entitled "Why Is Welfare So Hard to Reform?" (1973). This paper answers that question from the perspective of the new discipline of Women's Studies. The author suggests that the use of feminist theories; notably those of Hartsock and Chodorow; can further one's recognition and understanding of male bias in social policy development. Tracing the history of U.S. welfare policies for women and children the analysis provides explanations for the differential treatment of women in the welfare system and the failure of work strategies to increase poor women's economic independence. …

Informal Helping Networks And Social Service Changes: A Community Perspective, Charles Hoch, George Hemmens, Rojean Madsen, Wim Wiewel

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Interviews with 112 household respondents and 58 social service agency directors in three ethnically and racially distinct Chicago neighborhoods provided a comprehensive assessment of -- household helping relationships in a community context. Reliance on informal helping greatly exceeded use of formal agencies at the household level. Households were twice as likely to give help as receive it in a complex variety of ways, while agencies struggled to add new functional programs in a time of retrenchment. What households gave and got did not overlap with agency programs in any coherent way. Further, household respondents and agency directors disagreed in their …